In the world today, with its diverse specializations and branches of sciences, gaining an improve... more In the world today, with its diverse specializations and branches of sciences, gaining an improved and more accurate understanding of scientific concepts and information is of vital significance. Chemistry is one of the fundamental sciences, the mastery of which enables individuals to make maximal use of this useful science. One of the important factors in learning chemistry is the use of the English for chemistry, which includes technical terms, accurate definitions, and experimentation methods. The use of specialized language helps individuals better understand complex concepts and easily communicate with others in the same field. The present study examines the central role of learning specialized language in studying and understanding chemical concepts as well as introducing the key points for optimal utilization by students and anyone interested in chemistry. This study demonstrates how mastering complex chemistry terminology and its unique nomenclature enhances understanding, facilitates effective communication, strengthens critical thinking, deepens content knowledge mastery, and ultimately improves the performance of chemistry learners.
Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 2024
This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of polite corrective feedback (CF) ... more This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of polite corrective feedback (CF) on Iranian EFL learners' immediate and delayed grammatical accuracy. The participants included a convenient sample of 60 intermediate male/female EFL learners (four 15-member groups) selected from a private language institute in Tabriz. After the researcher ensured the homogeneity of the participants, a researcher-made multiple-choice pre-test on present and past English tenses was administered. Later, the first and second experimental groups were treated with +Polite Explicit Feedback (in the form of elicitations) and +Polite Implicit CF (in the form of recasts), respectively while the control groups were provided with-Polite Feedback of the same forms. Following the assessment of the learners' oral grammatical accuracy immediately after the treatment (uptake), a multiple-choice post-test was administered two weeks after the immediate post-test to assess their delayed recall. The independent samples t-test and ANCOVA conducted on the pre-test, immediate learning scores, and delayed post-test scores indicated that, although polite CF in both groups had a significant effect on learners' grammatical accuracy, +Polite Explicit Feedback had a more significant effect on participants' performance than-Polite Explicit Feedback and +Polite Implicit Feedback. The results underscore the significance of integrating politeness element into CF discourse, bearing implications for educational planners, materials developers, and EFL instructors.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the complete IELTS Bands 5-6 course from teachers' pers... more This study evaluates the effectiveness of the complete IELTS Bands 5-6 course from teachers' perspective. The course provides comprehensive analysis and practice for the IELTS reading, listening, speaking, and writing papers. The research also investigates teachers' opinions on the course content, structure, and teaching methods. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 40 experienced teachers who had taught IELTS using the textbook for at least five years. Data was collected using an eclectic textbook evaluation checklist, comprising macro (general aspects) and micro evaluation (language skills and structures). Participating teachers completed a questionnaire based on the eclectic checklist. Data analysis followed a mixed method approach, utilizing descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that the complete IELTS Bands 5-6 course effectively prepares candidates for the IELTS exam. Additionally, teachers have positive opinions about the course content, structure, and teaching methods. Overall, this study concludes that the textbook is a valuable resource for both teachers and IELTS candidates. The findings may have implications for IELTS examination and preparation centers, IELTS instructors as well as the candidates.
The comparative role of paper-based and computer-delivered IELTS in the cognitive and meta-cognit... more The comparative role of paper-based and computer-delivered IELTS in the cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies use of Iranian IELTS candidates in the academic module reading Article info Abstract Article Type: The present study examined the comparability of Paper-Based (PB) and Computer-Delivered (CD) IELTS in the academic module reading section, focusing on Iranian IELTS candidates' cognitive and metacognitive strategies. The study intended to determine if the delivery mode had any impact on the use of these strategies. To this aim, 200 upper-intermediate learners were randomly selected and divided into two groups to participate in the study under the two aforementioned test conditions. They completed a test-taking strategy survey under both test conditions. Moreover, five participants from each test condition group took part in think-aloud protocols. The quantitative data were analyzed by means of Independent-sample t-test and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to test the research hypotheses. Content analysis of the think-aloud protocols was also conducted to identify the strategies employed by the IELTS candidates in both PB and CD formats. The results revealed that the PB group had a significantly higher mean than the CD group on the cognitive and metacognitive processes used in academic IELTS. However, the think-aloud protocols indicated that, in many cases, these differences were minimal, with cognitive and metacognitive processes being similarly employed across both formats. Moreover, significant differences were observed between the PB and CD groups in their reading test-taking strategies. The implications of these findings for test preparation and design are discussed.
The choice of terms of address is a typical instance representing the relational aspect of langua... more The choice of terms of address is a typical instance representing the relational aspect of language. People address and are addressed in diverse ways in their everyday lives. Their reciprocal use of terms of address hinges upon a number of factors including power, affect, distance as well as degree of intimacy. Moreover, the use of a variety of words in different settings is a true measure indicating whether the interlocutors have crossed the borders of socially accepted and appropriate language or not. The present study focuses on the dialogues of the play entitled "Death of a Salesman" in the framework of Brown, Levinson, and Wardhaugh's theories on politeness, taboo words, and power relations. A careful sociolinguistic examination of the discourse features of some samples of the play indicated that different factors influence the exercise of power, observing politeness, and the use of taboo words by people in their everyday interactions via verbal and non-verbal...
Ideology, power, and identity are truly reflected in people’s daily discourse including mark nego... more Ideology, power, and identity are truly reflected in people’s daily discourse including mark negotiation discourse of students. Peculiar power relations in Iranian academic settings and the unique features of politeness in Farsi extending up to Ta’arof motivated the researcher to statistically analyze a total of 50 mark negotiation discourse samples of Iranian university students from diverse disciplines. Data analysis revealed patterns of initiating and closing, persuading through lexical items, using politeness markers, intensifying, and consequencing. The goal is finding out how both male and female students from various disciplines buy their respective professors’ favors in their online mark reconsideration appeal to increase their mark and avoid failure.
As the most basic means of instruction and learning, textbooks play a pivotal role in teaching an... more As the most basic means of instruction and learning, textbooks play a pivotal role in teaching any language since they provide a dependable source of language input for learners. However, with the wide array of textbooks available in the market, opting for the textbooks suiting the peculiar educational parameters of different settings, seems to be a cumbersome task; therefore, to gain greater educational outcomes, to save time, and to incur less costs on learning, logical selection of textbooks through scientifically sound principles seems to be a sensible strategy. The present study utilized an a priori evaluation of the widely-used Pre-intermediate Three (Pre3) textbook of Iran Language Institute (ILI) by using two textbook evaluation schemes by Grant and Demir and Ertas. The results indicated that, despite the numerous merits of the mentioned textbook, including the active role of the learners in completing the tasks, it has got a rather traditional view of the learners’ roles, a...
This study attempted to determine the effect of background music while silent reading on Iranian ... more This study attempted to determine the effect of background music while silent reading on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. The participants were 57 Iranian EFL learners between the ages of 14 and 16 in two 3rd grade high schoolclasses at pre-intermediate proficiency level. Before treatment,both experimental and control groups took a reading comprehension pretest. In the experimental group, the researchers played Mozart sonatas as background music and asked them to read the passage silently and then answer the reading comprehension questions. In the control group, the procedure was the same, but no music was played while silent reading by the students. After ten sessions, the students of both groups were asked to answer another independent but parallel form of reading section of PET as their post-test. The independent samples t-testresultsindicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in reading comprehension posttest, and listening to background musi...
This state-of-the-artmasterpiece edited by Jim McKinley and Heath Rose is the fruit of contributi... more This state-of-the-artmasterpiece edited by Jim McKinley and Heath Rose is the fruit of contributions by prominent scholars, and provides a comprehensive coverage of key research-related constructs and methodological issues. Being organized into four parts and 41 chapters, it overviews some key concepts, considerations, designs, approaches to research, and data collection/analysis procedures. The Introduction scrutinizes and reconceptualizes traditional research methods in this golden age of technology, multilingualism, and globalization. It also elaborates on key terms in applied linguistics research with an overview of the whole Handbook.
Literary works have been interpreted differently depending on the interpreter’s mindset and outlo... more Literary works have been interpreted differently depending on the interpreter’s mindset and outlook. This study has launched an attempt to interpret the representation of the “Mocking Bird” in To Kill a Mocking Bird. Initially, a total number of 30 English majors studying at Farhangian University of Ilam were selected through convenience sampling. They were, then, provided with the PDF version of the novel, and after a few weeks’ interval of reading time, the participants were exposed to the filmed version of the story. Thereafter, using Reader Response Theory, they were asked to write their comments, impressions, and views of whom, which, or what the “mocking bird” of the novel may be. The qualitative/quantitative content analysis of their writings revealed some fascinating interpretations regarding the representation of the “Mocking Bird’s” paragons in the novel. The final part of the paper discusses the findings and their implications which revealed fascinating information in th...
Aiming at highlighting the important role of print media discourse in the implicit transfer of ... more Aiming at highlighting the important role of print media discourse in the implicit transfer of the dominant ideology of discourse context, the present data-driven paper demonstrates how the lexical features of repetition and synonymy as well as the structural and thematic features of passivization, nominalization and predicated theme were utilized by the discourse producers to mediate between their own underlying ideology and the target readers' understanding of the events of September 11, 2001. Through a comparative statistical analysis of the print media discourse of the data for the study written in two ideologically opposing contexts of Syria and America, we have tried to explicate how the discourse producers utilized various lexical and thematic strategies to produce different impressions of the event and implicitly impose the underlying ideology on the readers.
Ideology, power and identity are truly reflected in people's daily discourse including mark n... more Ideology, power and identity are truly reflected in people's daily discourse including mark negotiation discourse of students. Peculiar power relations in Iranian academic settings and the unique features of politeness in Farsi extending up to Ta'arof motivated the researcher to statistically analyze a total of 50 mark discourse samples of Iranian university students from diverse disciplines. Data analysis revealed patterns of initiating and closing, persuading through lexical items, using politeness markers, intensifying and consequencing. The goal is finding out how both male and female students from various disciplines buy their respective professors' favors in their online mark reconsideration appeal to increase their mark and avoid failure. Speech is power: speech is to persuade, to convert, to compel. (Ralph Waldo Emerson, American writer and philosopher ,1802-1883). Being able to speak " can mean talking the town council out of increasing your property taxes....
With the purpose of examining the sources of spelling errors of Iranian school level EFL learners... more With the purpose of examining the sources of spelling errors of Iranian school level EFL learners, the present researchers analyzed the dictation samples of 51 Iranian senior and junior high school male and female students majoring at an Iranian school in Baku, Azerbaijan. The content analysis of the data revealed three main sources (intralingual, interlingual, and unique) with seven patterns of errors. The frequency of intralingual errors far outnumbers that of interlingual errors. Unique errors were even less. Therefore, in-service training programs may include some instruction on raising the teachers’ awareness of the different sources of errors to focus on during the teaching program.
Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 2013
With recently widespread use of mobile phones and SMS communication in Iran and reformulation of ... more With recently widespread use of mobile phones and SMS communication in Iran and reformulation of conventional communication practices, short message advertisements have recently started to gain prominence in the world of advertisement as a quick, less costly, available and reliable means of introducing the products and services offered by the companies and institutions. With this in mind, the present study focuses on a qualitative /quantitative sociolinguistic study of 100 SMS advertisements in Iran. Having divided the messages into four categories according to message senders, it has tried to highlight statistically the effect of message type on message length, the role of semiotics, the lexicogrammatical tools of nominalization, intensifiers, and connotatively-loaded consumerism discourse as well as foregrounding, intertextuality and the type of address terms in persuading the message receivers to buy or use the products and services advertised and impose them on the recipients i...
The present study was an attempt to explore the vocabulary learning strategy preferences among Ir... more The present study was an attempt to explore the vocabulary learning strategy preferences among Iranian EFL learners. It also investigated the relationship between their vocabulary learning strategy use and vocabulary size. To this end, 90 Iranian EFL learners were selected as the participants of the study based on convenience sampling at Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran. The instrument used in the current study was Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) consisting of six different categories of vocabulary learning strategies. The other instrument was Nation's vocabulary size test which assessed the learners' lexical knowledge. In order to address the research questions, Freidman Test and Spearman Correlation were conducted. The results revealed that the most frequently used vocabulary learning strategy subgroup was metacognitive and the least frequent one was social strategy. Besides, no significant correlation was found between vocabulary size and vocabulary learning strategies except a small and reverse correlation between the vocabulary size and compensation strategy. The important implication of the study is that if students get aware of vocabulary learning strategies, they may develop their vocabulary size more easily and effectively.
In the world today, with its diverse specializations and branches of sciences, gaining an improve... more In the world today, with its diverse specializations and branches of sciences, gaining an improved and more accurate understanding of scientific concepts and information is of vital significance. Chemistry is one of the fundamental sciences, the mastery of which enables individuals to make maximal use of this useful science. One of the important factors in learning chemistry is the use of the English for chemistry, which includes technical terms, accurate definitions, and experimentation methods. The use of specialized language helps individuals better understand complex concepts and easily communicate with others in the same field. The present study examines the central role of learning specialized language in studying and understanding chemical concepts as well as introducing the key points for optimal utilization by students and anyone interested in chemistry. This study demonstrates how mastering complex chemistry terminology and its unique nomenclature enhances understanding, facilitates effective communication, strengthens critical thinking, deepens content knowledge mastery, and ultimately improves the performance of chemistry learners.
Iranian Journal of Language Teaching Research, 2024
This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of polite corrective feedback (CF) ... more This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of polite corrective feedback (CF) on Iranian EFL learners' immediate and delayed grammatical accuracy. The participants included a convenient sample of 60 intermediate male/female EFL learners (four 15-member groups) selected from a private language institute in Tabriz. After the researcher ensured the homogeneity of the participants, a researcher-made multiple-choice pre-test on present and past English tenses was administered. Later, the first and second experimental groups were treated with +Polite Explicit Feedback (in the form of elicitations) and +Polite Implicit CF (in the form of recasts), respectively while the control groups were provided with-Polite Feedback of the same forms. Following the assessment of the learners' oral grammatical accuracy immediately after the treatment (uptake), a multiple-choice post-test was administered two weeks after the immediate post-test to assess their delayed recall. The independent samples t-test and ANCOVA conducted on the pre-test, immediate learning scores, and delayed post-test scores indicated that, although polite CF in both groups had a significant effect on learners' grammatical accuracy, +Polite Explicit Feedback had a more significant effect on participants' performance than-Polite Explicit Feedback and +Polite Implicit Feedback. The results underscore the significance of integrating politeness element into CF discourse, bearing implications for educational planners, materials developers, and EFL instructors.
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the complete IELTS Bands 5-6 course from teachers' pers... more This study evaluates the effectiveness of the complete IELTS Bands 5-6 course from teachers' perspective. The course provides comprehensive analysis and practice for the IELTS reading, listening, speaking, and writing papers. The research also investigates teachers' opinions on the course content, structure, and teaching methods. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 40 experienced teachers who had taught IELTS using the textbook for at least five years. Data was collected using an eclectic textbook evaluation checklist, comprising macro (general aspects) and micro evaluation (language skills and structures). Participating teachers completed a questionnaire based on the eclectic checklist. Data analysis followed a mixed method approach, utilizing descriptive statistics. The findings indicate that the complete IELTS Bands 5-6 course effectively prepares candidates for the IELTS exam. Additionally, teachers have positive opinions about the course content, structure, and teaching methods. Overall, this study concludes that the textbook is a valuable resource for both teachers and IELTS candidates. The findings may have implications for IELTS examination and preparation centers, IELTS instructors as well as the candidates.
The comparative role of paper-based and computer-delivered IELTS in the cognitive and meta-cognit... more The comparative role of paper-based and computer-delivered IELTS in the cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies use of Iranian IELTS candidates in the academic module reading Article info Abstract Article Type: The present study examined the comparability of Paper-Based (PB) and Computer-Delivered (CD) IELTS in the academic module reading section, focusing on Iranian IELTS candidates' cognitive and metacognitive strategies. The study intended to determine if the delivery mode had any impact on the use of these strategies. To this aim, 200 upper-intermediate learners were randomly selected and divided into two groups to participate in the study under the two aforementioned test conditions. They completed a test-taking strategy survey under both test conditions. Moreover, five participants from each test condition group took part in think-aloud protocols. The quantitative data were analyzed by means of Independent-sample t-test and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) to test the research hypotheses. Content analysis of the think-aloud protocols was also conducted to identify the strategies employed by the IELTS candidates in both PB and CD formats. The results revealed that the PB group had a significantly higher mean than the CD group on the cognitive and metacognitive processes used in academic IELTS. However, the think-aloud protocols indicated that, in many cases, these differences were minimal, with cognitive and metacognitive processes being similarly employed across both formats. Moreover, significant differences were observed between the PB and CD groups in their reading test-taking strategies. The implications of these findings for test preparation and design are discussed.
The choice of terms of address is a typical instance representing the relational aspect of langua... more The choice of terms of address is a typical instance representing the relational aspect of language. People address and are addressed in diverse ways in their everyday lives. Their reciprocal use of terms of address hinges upon a number of factors including power, affect, distance as well as degree of intimacy. Moreover, the use of a variety of words in different settings is a true measure indicating whether the interlocutors have crossed the borders of socially accepted and appropriate language or not. The present study focuses on the dialogues of the play entitled "Death of a Salesman" in the framework of Brown, Levinson, and Wardhaugh's theories on politeness, taboo words, and power relations. A careful sociolinguistic examination of the discourse features of some samples of the play indicated that different factors influence the exercise of power, observing politeness, and the use of taboo words by people in their everyday interactions via verbal and non-verbal...
Ideology, power, and identity are truly reflected in people’s daily discourse including mark nego... more Ideology, power, and identity are truly reflected in people’s daily discourse including mark negotiation discourse of students. Peculiar power relations in Iranian academic settings and the unique features of politeness in Farsi extending up to Ta’arof motivated the researcher to statistically analyze a total of 50 mark negotiation discourse samples of Iranian university students from diverse disciplines. Data analysis revealed patterns of initiating and closing, persuading through lexical items, using politeness markers, intensifying, and consequencing. The goal is finding out how both male and female students from various disciplines buy their respective professors’ favors in their online mark reconsideration appeal to increase their mark and avoid failure.
As the most basic means of instruction and learning, textbooks play a pivotal role in teaching an... more As the most basic means of instruction and learning, textbooks play a pivotal role in teaching any language since they provide a dependable source of language input for learners. However, with the wide array of textbooks available in the market, opting for the textbooks suiting the peculiar educational parameters of different settings, seems to be a cumbersome task; therefore, to gain greater educational outcomes, to save time, and to incur less costs on learning, logical selection of textbooks through scientifically sound principles seems to be a sensible strategy. The present study utilized an a priori evaluation of the widely-used Pre-intermediate Three (Pre3) textbook of Iran Language Institute (ILI) by using two textbook evaluation schemes by Grant and Demir and Ertas. The results indicated that, despite the numerous merits of the mentioned textbook, including the active role of the learners in completing the tasks, it has got a rather traditional view of the learners’ roles, a...
This study attempted to determine the effect of background music while silent reading on Iranian ... more This study attempted to determine the effect of background music while silent reading on Iranian EFL learners’ reading comprehension. The participants were 57 Iranian EFL learners between the ages of 14 and 16 in two 3rd grade high schoolclasses at pre-intermediate proficiency level. Before treatment,both experimental and control groups took a reading comprehension pretest. In the experimental group, the researchers played Mozart sonatas as background music and asked them to read the passage silently and then answer the reading comprehension questions. In the control group, the procedure was the same, but no music was played while silent reading by the students. After ten sessions, the students of both groups were asked to answer another independent but parallel form of reading section of PET as their post-test. The independent samples t-testresultsindicated that the experimental group outperformed the control group in reading comprehension posttest, and listening to background musi...
This state-of-the-artmasterpiece edited by Jim McKinley and Heath Rose is the fruit of contributi... more This state-of-the-artmasterpiece edited by Jim McKinley and Heath Rose is the fruit of contributions by prominent scholars, and provides a comprehensive coverage of key research-related constructs and methodological issues. Being organized into four parts and 41 chapters, it overviews some key concepts, considerations, designs, approaches to research, and data collection/analysis procedures. The Introduction scrutinizes and reconceptualizes traditional research methods in this golden age of technology, multilingualism, and globalization. It also elaborates on key terms in applied linguistics research with an overview of the whole Handbook.
Literary works have been interpreted differently depending on the interpreter’s mindset and outlo... more Literary works have been interpreted differently depending on the interpreter’s mindset and outlook. This study has launched an attempt to interpret the representation of the “Mocking Bird” in To Kill a Mocking Bird. Initially, a total number of 30 English majors studying at Farhangian University of Ilam were selected through convenience sampling. They were, then, provided with the PDF version of the novel, and after a few weeks’ interval of reading time, the participants were exposed to the filmed version of the story. Thereafter, using Reader Response Theory, they were asked to write their comments, impressions, and views of whom, which, or what the “mocking bird” of the novel may be. The qualitative/quantitative content analysis of their writings revealed some fascinating interpretations regarding the representation of the “Mocking Bird’s” paragons in the novel. The final part of the paper discusses the findings and their implications which revealed fascinating information in th...
Aiming at highlighting the important role of print media discourse in the implicit transfer of ... more Aiming at highlighting the important role of print media discourse in the implicit transfer of the dominant ideology of discourse context, the present data-driven paper demonstrates how the lexical features of repetition and synonymy as well as the structural and thematic features of passivization, nominalization and predicated theme were utilized by the discourse producers to mediate between their own underlying ideology and the target readers' understanding of the events of September 11, 2001. Through a comparative statistical analysis of the print media discourse of the data for the study written in two ideologically opposing contexts of Syria and America, we have tried to explicate how the discourse producers utilized various lexical and thematic strategies to produce different impressions of the event and implicitly impose the underlying ideology on the readers.
Ideology, power and identity are truly reflected in people's daily discourse including mark n... more Ideology, power and identity are truly reflected in people's daily discourse including mark negotiation discourse of students. Peculiar power relations in Iranian academic settings and the unique features of politeness in Farsi extending up to Ta'arof motivated the researcher to statistically analyze a total of 50 mark discourse samples of Iranian university students from diverse disciplines. Data analysis revealed patterns of initiating and closing, persuading through lexical items, using politeness markers, intensifying and consequencing. The goal is finding out how both male and female students from various disciplines buy their respective professors' favors in their online mark reconsideration appeal to increase their mark and avoid failure. Speech is power: speech is to persuade, to convert, to compel. (Ralph Waldo Emerson, American writer and philosopher ,1802-1883). Being able to speak " can mean talking the town council out of increasing your property taxes....
With the purpose of examining the sources of spelling errors of Iranian school level EFL learners... more With the purpose of examining the sources of spelling errors of Iranian school level EFL learners, the present researchers analyzed the dictation samples of 51 Iranian senior and junior high school male and female students majoring at an Iranian school in Baku, Azerbaijan. The content analysis of the data revealed three main sources (intralingual, interlingual, and unique) with seven patterns of errors. The frequency of intralingual errors far outnumbers that of interlingual errors. Unique errors were even less. Therefore, in-service training programs may include some instruction on raising the teachers’ awareness of the different sources of errors to focus on during the teaching program.
Journal of Applied Linguistics and Applied Literature: Dynamics and Advances, 2013
With recently widespread use of mobile phones and SMS communication in Iran and reformulation of ... more With recently widespread use of mobile phones and SMS communication in Iran and reformulation of conventional communication practices, short message advertisements have recently started to gain prominence in the world of advertisement as a quick, less costly, available and reliable means of introducing the products and services offered by the companies and institutions. With this in mind, the present study focuses on a qualitative /quantitative sociolinguistic study of 100 SMS advertisements in Iran. Having divided the messages into four categories according to message senders, it has tried to highlight statistically the effect of message type on message length, the role of semiotics, the lexicogrammatical tools of nominalization, intensifiers, and connotatively-loaded consumerism discourse as well as foregrounding, intertextuality and the type of address terms in persuading the message receivers to buy or use the products and services advertised and impose them on the recipients i...
The present study was an attempt to explore the vocabulary learning strategy preferences among Ir... more The present study was an attempt to explore the vocabulary learning strategy preferences among Iranian EFL learners. It also investigated the relationship between their vocabulary learning strategy use and vocabulary size. To this end, 90 Iranian EFL learners were selected as the participants of the study based on convenience sampling at Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran. The instrument used in the current study was Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) consisting of six different categories of vocabulary learning strategies. The other instrument was Nation's vocabulary size test which assessed the learners' lexical knowledge. In order to address the research questions, Freidman Test and Spearman Correlation were conducted. The results revealed that the most frequently used vocabulary learning strategy subgroup was metacognitive and the least frequent one was social strategy. Besides, no significant correlation was found between vocabulary size and vocabulary learning strategies except a small and reverse correlation between the vocabulary size and compensation strategy. The important implication of the study is that if students get aware of vocabulary learning strategies, they may develop their vocabulary size more easily and effectively.
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Papers by Mohammad Reza Khodadust