Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology
The cultivation and the usage of maize have been significantly increased across all provinces of ... more The cultivation and the usage of maize have been significantly increased across all provinces of Rwanda. Nevertheless, the problem of aflatoxin contamination remains a major factor that renders them to be unfit for animal and human consumption. In this research, the effects of drying methods (sun drying, kitchen drying, dry shelter) post aflatoxin infection in maize were evaluated in Northern Rwanda. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used with maize variety (H628) with drying methods as the main plot. Maize samples were tested for aflatoxin using aflatest. In both seasons (2021 A and 2021 B) the aflatoxin results show that the aflatoxin infection levels were lower in maize dried with kitchen drying (1.4 ppb) compared to the samples dried with sun drying (1.6 ppb) and dry shelter (2.2). Also, it was seen that the three drying methods are good for reducing the aflatoxin infection levels lower than 10 ppb as standards limit for East African countries. The af...
Purpose: The research aimed to identify the important problems facing the agricultural extension ... more Purpose: The research aimed to identify the important problems facing the agricultural extension system in Egypt. Research Method: A simple random sample was selected from the extension workers in Fayoum and Beheira governorates (196 respondents) Data collection was done from October 2020 to February 2021, using a questionnaire designed based on the framework of modernization and development of agricultural extension systems developed by FAO. Findings: The results indicated that the extension organization in Egypt suffers from aging and erosion (62.2% of the surveyed agricultural extension workers are over 46 years old), 58.7% of the surveyed Extension workers were not specialized in agricultural extension. the extension workers were not sufficiently satisfied with their work. As for the important problems facing extension work in Egypt, foremost of which was the problem centralization, lack of authority delegation, absence of institutional work, absence of funding sources, weakness of the operational budget, weakness of the academic programs before service, absence of adequate training opportunities, absence of a clear and integrative mechanism to link agricultural extension with scientific research institutions, in addition to the absence of coordination with colleges of agriculture and veterinary medicine, mass media, NGOs, and private sector could be identified. Research Limitation: This study was based on a small sample in two governorates. Therefore, policymakers should be careful to generalize the findings to a broad context. Originality/ Value: This study dealt with extension problems within the framework of modernization and development of agricultural extension systems developed by FAO, to provide officials with a vision of the most important problems and reform priorities.
BARD-479, ICG-7326 and 2KCGC20 were evaluated against the attack of Odontotermes obesus in terms ... more BARD-479, ICG-7326 and 2KCGC20 were evaluated against the attack of Odontotermes obesus in terms of percentage infestation of workers and soldiers, their damage and impact on the yield. The maximum mean populations of O. obesus workers were recorded on 2KCGC20 (30.82±2.75 workers/plot) and Australian (30.65±2.92 workers/plot), followed by BARI 2000 (19.55±2.51 workers/plot), Golden (17.30±2.27 workers/plot) and BARD-479 (16.82±2.06 workers/plot). The minimum mean population of O. obesus workers was found on ICG-7326 cultivars (14.85±1.81) workers/plot. The maximum mean population infestation of O. obesus soldiers was recorded on 2KCGC20 cultivar (4.88±0.25 soldiers/plot) followed by Australian (4.15±.30, soldiers/per plot), BARD-479 (2.00±.17 soldiers/plot), ICG-7326 (1.70±.14 soldiers/plot), BARD 2000 (2.40±.25 soldiers / plot). The minimum mean population of O. obesus soldiers was found on Gold (1.87±.17 soldiers/plot). Population of O. obesus workers was positively related with t...
During the last fifteen years, significant SME sector was established in Kosovo. A greater dynami... more During the last fifteen years, significant SME sector was established in Kosovo. A greater dynamic regarding to the registration of new businesses can be encountered in the first three years of 1990’s and in the postwar period that can be considered as reflection of the changing business environment in the respective periods. Private enterprises in Kosovo are established since 1989. But the intensity of registration of SMEs grew separately after 1990 and continued until 1995.At this time companies were mainly organized in the form of households, the crafts, commercial enterprises, small shops, restaurants and agricultural enterprises.The establishment of these enterprises has not been the result of enabling business environment, but it came from the need to create jobs to people whose jobs were terminated form the social enterprises. In Kosovo during the last decade, a valuavle experience was achieved by increasing and development of of private enterprises, small and medium enterpri...
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2014
Cairo is now served by six large wastewater treatments works which produce significant quantities... more Cairo is now served by six large wastewater treatments works which produce significant quantities of sewage water. The preferred option is to use this in agriculture, particularly in reclaimed desert land which is inherently deficient in organic matter, nutrients and trace elements. The aim of this study was to assess economic feasibility of a novel biotechnology for remediation of sewaged soils on a long term basis. A field study was carried out at Abu-Rawash Sewage Farm where the soil has been irrigated with water sewage for 32 years and the site provides a possible model of the potential long-term effects of heavy metals and other pollutants on crops in the contaminated sewaged soils in Egypt. The high contaminated sewaged soil was bioremediated for 60 days with sole or combined remediative amendments in different treatments including uncultivated control, cultivated control, inoculation with AM, inoculation with a mixture of Thiobacillus thiooxidans & Thiobacillus ferrooxidans , treated with probentonite or treated with
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2019
The aim of this study is to understand Turkish consumers’ perception of functional dairy products... more The aim of this study is to understand Turkish consumers’ perception of functional dairy products in three different categories, namely milk, yogurt, and cream cheese, as well as their willingness to buy products with health claims. In this study, 50 untrained participants from the city of İstanbul, Turkey, were enrolled to evaluate three types of milk (calcium & vitamin fortified, soy, and whole), three types of yogurt (probiotic, strawberry flavoured probiotic, and plain) and four types of cream cheese (calcium, phosphate & vitamin fortified, reduced fat, light, and regular) using free listing testing and check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions together with Yes/No questions. Twenty-five participants were recruited from Yeditepe University’s Food Engineering Department and 25 participants from public places to form two clusters. In the free listing analysis, the number of frequent terms related to health dramatically decreased after the tasting session for all products, whereas sens...
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology
North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural ... more North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 20...
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2014
Cairo is now served by six large wastewater treatments works which produce significant quantities... more Cairo is now served by six large wastewater treatments works which produce significant quantities of sewage water. The preferred option is to use this in agriculture, particularly in reclaimed desert land which is inherently deficient in organic matter, nutrients and trace elements. The aim of this study was to assess economic feasibility of a novel biotechnology for remediation of sewaged soils on a long term basis. A field study was carried out at Abu-Rawash Sewage Farm where the soil has been irrigated with water sewage for 32 years and the site provides a possible model of the potential long-term effects of heavy metals and other pollutants on crops in the contaminated sewaged soils in Egypt. The high contaminated sewaged soil was bioremediated for 60 days with sole or combined remediative amendments in different treatments including uncultivated control, cultivated control, inoculation with AM, inoculation with a mixture of Thiobacillus thiooxidans & Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, treated with probentonite or treated with Conference Proceeding Full Paper Frag et al.; IJPSS, Article no. IJPSS.2014.10.002 1183 combined mixture of all the aforementioned remediative amendments before sowing. Canola was sowing in winter season as a hyperacumulator plants after remediative periods. Save grains, seeds and oil yield were determined after canola and maize harvest. The costs for land preparation, bioremediation materials and processing, cultivation operation and requirements for growing and harvesting canola and maize (summer season) were calculated. Three scenarios have been conducted i.e. rent the land and buying the variable and fixed production factor, without yield useful, the second scenario similar to the first one but take a yield from maize in the first year, and the third scenario is rent all production factors with sold a maize yield in the first year. The final results indicate that the internal rate of return for the first, second and third scenarios were 21.1%, and 44.2%, and 38.3% respectively. Accordingly, the 2 nd scenario was the best one under our experimental conditions after bioremediation of contaminated soils, and may also be applied by the farmers whom do not have a large capital for the purchase the fixed assets.
The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 2018
Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the modern economy; the research ai... more Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the modern economy; the research aims to identify the role of small and medium enterprises in the economic development in the Arab Republic of Egypt and identify the most important problems and obstacles facing these projects , The results show that, Egypt has 2.5 million small, medium and micro enterprises, representing 99% of the total non-agricultural projects, about 78% of these projects did not receive any banking facilities, The performance SMEs is very weak in terms of export to foreign markets. SMEs can contribute in the process of accelerating development because it does not require huge investments at the same time, and is able to increase employment and mobilize small individual savings, as well as help in the preparation of technical cadres. It also enables the development of exports, including the acquisition of foreign currency and thus improving the balance of payments of developing countries, in addition to their contribution to the formation of a balanced industrial sector that serves the national economy, However Small and medium enterprises in Egypt face many problems that limit the ability to develop them. This sector is still suffering from basic obstacles such as difficulty obtaining finance and guarantees, and many other difficulties related to the inappropriate business environment, laws and regulations, poor infrastructure and banking so that Egyptian government must put a clear approach and specific objectives for the development of these projects.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2019
North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural ... more North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 2018. The results showed that the most important strengths of these were that a large proportion of the extension workers are specialized in agricultural extension, more than half of the guides were from rural areas and the high job satisfaction degree among of the majority of the extension workers while the most important weaknesses were Weak budget and inadequate funding for extension work, Absence of job description for the extension workers, and Lack of financial and material resources. On the other hand the most important opportunities were Availability of research institutes in the governorate, NGO-Public Sector Collaboration. While the most important threats were Decreased investments targeting the agricultural sector in general and the extension system in particular, Poor Farmer Organization, Security instability in the governorate. Depending upon SWOT outputs, some relevant strategies were discussed to develop agricultural extension system in the governorate through some dimensions that uses strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and to avoid threats or minimize their effects. Introduction Agricultural extension programs capacity to respond to the needs and problems of targeted rural groups and areas is one of the most important challenges faced by those responsible for these systems and programs in all countries in general and Arab countries in particular, The good preparation of the Strategy for the Development of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Systems and Programs in the Arab States is based on a series of activities and participatory efforts undertaken by the Strategic Planning Group of each country (Shafie, 2012) Hence, Strategic management is the ongoing process of establishing, implementing and evaluating decisions that enable the Organization to achieve its objectives. Strategic management allows the institution to be more active than the reaction in shaping its future. It allows an organization to start and influence-rather than simply respond to activities-and thereby control its destiny (David, 2003). The process of strategic management or strategic planning is one of the concepts related to identification of strategic decisions that are based on vision, mission, objectives and the external and internal analysis of the organization to make strategic choices. (Barney and Hesterly, 2006) The strategic management process consists of three stages: strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. SWOT analysis of external opportunities and threats as well as the internal strengths and weaknesses of the enterprises is important for strategy formulation and development (Chang, Huang, 2006).
Today's media plays an important role in the development and modernization of societies in variou... more Today's media plays an important role in the development and modernization of societies in various aspects of life, Television is acknowledged as the most important medium for communicating with the rural populations in developing countries Accordingly, Egypt Agricultural Channel was established to serve the agricultural sector in the Arab Republic of Egypt. This channel targets a at least 20 million Egyptians working in the agricultural sector directly and indirectly. The study was carried out to examine the impact of Egypt Agricultural Channel (EAC)and to evaluate its role as an educational tool in the enhancement of farmers' agricultural knowledge, Descriptive research design was used, This research was conducted in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, A multi-stage sampling technique was used, Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 331 respondents representing13.4% of the total number of holders of the three chosen villages, Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire during the period from February till May 2017. Results showed that 30.2 % of the respondents obtain agricultural information from television, and 59 % of them did not watch EAC before, Results also showed that 35.3% of the channel's followers saw channel programs as not useful ,This clearly indicates that the channel did not succeed in reaching a large segment of the farmers, which is the purpose for which the channel was established. Results also showed that 42 % of them prefer programs in the dramatic format, and 24 % of them prefer talk shows programs, which necessitates channel operators to pay more attention to the Agricultural programs formats Preferred by the respondents. Results also revealed that many problems facing the respondents who watched EAC programs, lack of content attractiveness as mentioned by 76.5 %, Followed by the Poor-coverage for farmers' knowledge needs (72.8%), Which requires the intervention of officials to solve these problems So that the channel can play its role in serving development issues to the fullest extent.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology
The cultivation and the usage of maize have been significantly increased across all provinces of ... more The cultivation and the usage of maize have been significantly increased across all provinces of Rwanda. Nevertheless, the problem of aflatoxin contamination remains a major factor that renders them to be unfit for animal and human consumption. In this research, the effects of drying methods (sun drying, kitchen drying, dry shelter) post aflatoxin infection in maize were evaluated in Northern Rwanda. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used with maize variety (H628) with drying methods as the main plot. Maize samples were tested for aflatoxin using aflatest. In both seasons (2021 A and 2021 B) the aflatoxin results show that the aflatoxin infection levels were lower in maize dried with kitchen drying (1.4 ppb) compared to the samples dried with sun drying (1.6 ppb) and dry shelter (2.2). Also, it was seen that the three drying methods are good for reducing the aflatoxin infection levels lower than 10 ppb as standards limit for East African countries. The af...
Purpose: The research aimed to identify the important problems facing the agricultural extension ... more Purpose: The research aimed to identify the important problems facing the agricultural extension system in Egypt. Research Method: A simple random sample was selected from the extension workers in Fayoum and Beheira governorates (196 respondents) Data collection was done from October 2020 to February 2021, using a questionnaire designed based on the framework of modernization and development of agricultural extension systems developed by FAO. Findings: The results indicated that the extension organization in Egypt suffers from aging and erosion (62.2% of the surveyed agricultural extension workers are over 46 years old), 58.7% of the surveyed Extension workers were not specialized in agricultural extension. the extension workers were not sufficiently satisfied with their work. As for the important problems facing extension work in Egypt, foremost of which was the problem centralization, lack of authority delegation, absence of institutional work, absence of funding sources, weakness of the operational budget, weakness of the academic programs before service, absence of adequate training opportunities, absence of a clear and integrative mechanism to link agricultural extension with scientific research institutions, in addition to the absence of coordination with colleges of agriculture and veterinary medicine, mass media, NGOs, and private sector could be identified. Research Limitation: This study was based on a small sample in two governorates. Therefore, policymakers should be careful to generalize the findings to a broad context. Originality/ Value: This study dealt with extension problems within the framework of modernization and development of agricultural extension systems developed by FAO, to provide officials with a vision of the most important problems and reform priorities.
BARD-479, ICG-7326 and 2KCGC20 were evaluated against the attack of Odontotermes obesus in terms ... more BARD-479, ICG-7326 and 2KCGC20 were evaluated against the attack of Odontotermes obesus in terms of percentage infestation of workers and soldiers, their damage and impact on the yield. The maximum mean populations of O. obesus workers were recorded on 2KCGC20 (30.82±2.75 workers/plot) and Australian (30.65±2.92 workers/plot), followed by BARI 2000 (19.55±2.51 workers/plot), Golden (17.30±2.27 workers/plot) and BARD-479 (16.82±2.06 workers/plot). The minimum mean population of O. obesus workers was found on ICG-7326 cultivars (14.85±1.81) workers/plot. The maximum mean population infestation of O. obesus soldiers was recorded on 2KCGC20 cultivar (4.88±0.25 soldiers/plot) followed by Australian (4.15±.30, soldiers/per plot), BARD-479 (2.00±.17 soldiers/plot), ICG-7326 (1.70±.14 soldiers/plot), BARD 2000 (2.40±.25 soldiers / plot). The minimum mean population of O. obesus soldiers was found on Gold (1.87±.17 soldiers/plot). Population of O. obesus workers was positively related with t...
During the last fifteen years, significant SME sector was established in Kosovo. A greater dynami... more During the last fifteen years, significant SME sector was established in Kosovo. A greater dynamic regarding to the registration of new businesses can be encountered in the first three years of 1990’s and in the postwar period that can be considered as reflection of the changing business environment in the respective periods. Private enterprises in Kosovo are established since 1989. But the intensity of registration of SMEs grew separately after 1990 and continued until 1995.At this time companies were mainly organized in the form of households, the crafts, commercial enterprises, small shops, restaurants and agricultural enterprises.The establishment of these enterprises has not been the result of enabling business environment, but it came from the need to create jobs to people whose jobs were terminated form the social enterprises. In Kosovo during the last decade, a valuavle experience was achieved by increasing and development of of private enterprises, small and medium enterpri...
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2014
Cairo is now served by six large wastewater treatments works which produce significant quantities... more Cairo is now served by six large wastewater treatments works which produce significant quantities of sewage water. The preferred option is to use this in agriculture, particularly in reclaimed desert land which is inherently deficient in organic matter, nutrients and trace elements. The aim of this study was to assess economic feasibility of a novel biotechnology for remediation of sewaged soils on a long term basis. A field study was carried out at Abu-Rawash Sewage Farm where the soil has been irrigated with water sewage for 32 years and the site provides a possible model of the potential long-term effects of heavy metals and other pollutants on crops in the contaminated sewaged soils in Egypt. The high contaminated sewaged soil was bioremediated for 60 days with sole or combined remediative amendments in different treatments including uncultivated control, cultivated control, inoculation with AM, inoculation with a mixture of Thiobacillus thiooxidans & Thiobacillus ferrooxidans , treated with probentonite or treated with
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2019
The aim of this study is to understand Turkish consumers’ perception of functional dairy products... more The aim of this study is to understand Turkish consumers’ perception of functional dairy products in three different categories, namely milk, yogurt, and cream cheese, as well as their willingness to buy products with health claims. In this study, 50 untrained participants from the city of İstanbul, Turkey, were enrolled to evaluate three types of milk (calcium & vitamin fortified, soy, and whole), three types of yogurt (probiotic, strawberry flavoured probiotic, and plain) and four types of cream cheese (calcium, phosphate & vitamin fortified, reduced fat, light, and regular) using free listing testing and check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions together with Yes/No questions. Twenty-five participants were recruited from Yeditepe University’s Food Engineering Department and 25 participants from public places to form two clusters. In the free listing analysis, the number of frequent terms related to health dramatically decreased after the tasting session for all products, whereas sens...
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology
North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural ... more North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 20...
International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2014
Cairo is now served by six large wastewater treatments works which produce significant quantities... more Cairo is now served by six large wastewater treatments works which produce significant quantities of sewage water. The preferred option is to use this in agriculture, particularly in reclaimed desert land which is inherently deficient in organic matter, nutrients and trace elements. The aim of this study was to assess economic feasibility of a novel biotechnology for remediation of sewaged soils on a long term basis. A field study was carried out at Abu-Rawash Sewage Farm where the soil has been irrigated with water sewage for 32 years and the site provides a possible model of the potential long-term effects of heavy metals and other pollutants on crops in the contaminated sewaged soils in Egypt. The high contaminated sewaged soil was bioremediated for 60 days with sole or combined remediative amendments in different treatments including uncultivated control, cultivated control, inoculation with AM, inoculation with a mixture of Thiobacillus thiooxidans & Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, treated with probentonite or treated with Conference Proceeding Full Paper Frag et al.; IJPSS, Article no. IJPSS.2014.10.002 1183 combined mixture of all the aforementioned remediative amendments before sowing. Canola was sowing in winter season as a hyperacumulator plants after remediative periods. Save grains, seeds and oil yield were determined after canola and maize harvest. The costs for land preparation, bioremediation materials and processing, cultivation operation and requirements for growing and harvesting canola and maize (summer season) were calculated. Three scenarios have been conducted i.e. rent the land and buying the variable and fixed production factor, without yield useful, the second scenario similar to the first one but take a yield from maize in the first year, and the third scenario is rent all production factors with sold a maize yield in the first year. The final results indicate that the internal rate of return for the first, second and third scenarios were 21.1%, and 44.2%, and 38.3% respectively. Accordingly, the 2 nd scenario was the best one under our experimental conditions after bioremediation of contaminated soils, and may also be applied by the farmers whom do not have a large capital for the purchase the fixed assets.
The International Journal of Business Management and Technology, 2018
Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the modern economy; the research ai... more Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the modern economy; the research aims to identify the role of small and medium enterprises in the economic development in the Arab Republic of Egypt and identify the most important problems and obstacles facing these projects , The results show that, Egypt has 2.5 million small, medium and micro enterprises, representing 99% of the total non-agricultural projects, about 78% of these projects did not receive any banking facilities, The performance SMEs is very weak in terms of export to foreign markets. SMEs can contribute in the process of accelerating development because it does not require huge investments at the same time, and is able to increase employment and mobilize small individual savings, as well as help in the preparation of technical cadres. It also enables the development of exports, including the acquisition of foreign currency and thus improving the balance of payments of developing countries, in addition to their contribution to the formation of a balanced industrial sector that serves the national economy, However Small and medium enterprises in Egypt face many problems that limit the ability to develop them. This sector is still suffering from basic obstacles such as difficulty obtaining finance and guarantees, and many other difficulties related to the inappropriate business environment, laws and regulations, poor infrastructure and banking so that Egyptian government must put a clear approach and specific objectives for the development of these projects.
Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2019
North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural ... more North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 2018. The results showed that the most important strengths of these were that a large proportion of the extension workers are specialized in agricultural extension, more than half of the guides were from rural areas and the high job satisfaction degree among of the majority of the extension workers while the most important weaknesses were Weak budget and inadequate funding for extension work, Absence of job description for the extension workers, and Lack of financial and material resources. On the other hand the most important opportunities were Availability of research institutes in the governorate, NGO-Public Sector Collaboration. While the most important threats were Decreased investments targeting the agricultural sector in general and the extension system in particular, Poor Farmer Organization, Security instability in the governorate. Depending upon SWOT outputs, some relevant strategies were discussed to develop agricultural extension system in the governorate through some dimensions that uses strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and to avoid threats or minimize their effects. Introduction Agricultural extension programs capacity to respond to the needs and problems of targeted rural groups and areas is one of the most important challenges faced by those responsible for these systems and programs in all countries in general and Arab countries in particular, The good preparation of the Strategy for the Development of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Systems and Programs in the Arab States is based on a series of activities and participatory efforts undertaken by the Strategic Planning Group of each country (Shafie, 2012) Hence, Strategic management is the ongoing process of establishing, implementing and evaluating decisions that enable the Organization to achieve its objectives. Strategic management allows the institution to be more active than the reaction in shaping its future. It allows an organization to start and influence-rather than simply respond to activities-and thereby control its destiny (David, 2003). The process of strategic management or strategic planning is one of the concepts related to identification of strategic decisions that are based on vision, mission, objectives and the external and internal analysis of the organization to make strategic choices. (Barney and Hesterly, 2006) The strategic management process consists of three stages: strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. SWOT analysis of external opportunities and threats as well as the internal strengths and weaknesses of the enterprises is important for strategy formulation and development (Chang, Huang, 2006).
Today's media plays an important role in the development and modernization of societies in variou... more Today's media plays an important role in the development and modernization of societies in various aspects of life, Television is acknowledged as the most important medium for communicating with the rural populations in developing countries Accordingly, Egypt Agricultural Channel was established to serve the agricultural sector in the Arab Republic of Egypt. This channel targets a at least 20 million Egyptians working in the agricultural sector directly and indirectly. The study was carried out to examine the impact of Egypt Agricultural Channel (EAC)and to evaluate its role as an educational tool in the enhancement of farmers' agricultural knowledge, Descriptive research design was used, This research was conducted in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, A multi-stage sampling technique was used, Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 331 respondents representing13.4% of the total number of holders of the three chosen villages, Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire during the period from February till May 2017. Results showed that 30.2 % of the respondents obtain agricultural information from television, and 59 % of them did not watch EAC before, Results also showed that 35.3% of the channel's followers saw channel programs as not useful ,This clearly indicates that the channel did not succeed in reaching a large segment of the farmers, which is the purpose for which the channel was established. Results also showed that 42 % of them prefer programs in the dramatic format, and 24 % of them prefer talk shows programs, which necessitates channel operators to pay more attention to the Agricultural programs formats Preferred by the respondents. Results also revealed that many problems facing the respondents who watched EAC programs, lack of content attractiveness as mentioned by 76.5 %, Followed by the Poor-coverage for farmers' knowledge needs (72.8%), Which requires the intervention of officials to solve these problems So that the channel can play its role in serving development issues to the fullest extent.
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Papers by Mahmoud Alaa Abdelazez