Tamer Mansour
National Research Centre, Agric.extension, Department Member
- Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics, National Research Centre, Egypt.edit
The success of the Agricultural extension work depends on choosing the best and most effective methods according to the farmer's needs and the educational situation. This research aimed to identify extension methods used by agricultural... more
The success of the Agricultural extension work depends on choosing the best and most effective methods according to the farmer's needs and the educational situation. This research aimed to identify extension methods used by agricultural extension staff with olive farmers in North Sinai Governorate, and farmer's preference for these methods, Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 100 respondents representing 25% of the total olive farmer in the village of Meriah from October to December 2015. Results showed that 47% of respondents fall in the Middle age group, 51% of them had an Intermediate education qualification, 87% were Part-time agricultural workers, The degree of social participation for the majority of respondents (76%) was low, And Only 37% of respondents had a positive attitude towards agricultural. In the forefront of extension methods used by agricultural extension, was farm visit (53%), followed by group meetings (25%), while the least methods used was by extension workers were Organize harvest day (5%) and Conducting practical demonstration experiments (5%), and about the farmers' preference for these methods were as follows: Farm visits came in the first place, followed by group meetings with the farmers, conducting practical demonstration experiments, office visits, supplying the farmers with publications, Followed by the use of guide posters, and the field day was ranked in the last order of these methods. In the end we can say that agricultural extension usage of these methods by agricultural extension with olive farmers was weak as the vast majority of these farmers were not exposed to any of these methods during the past year, and this reflecting the lack of use of these methods by agricultural extension, which requires from the extension system to focus on the use of these methods as channels for the transmission of extension messages in the future treatment with olive growing, Moreover, agricultural extension in its future plans should be concerned with the methods preferred by farmers and these methods are Farm visits, group meetings, and conducting practical demonstration experiments So that it can achieve the objectives of the extension communication.
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The research aimed to identify job satisfaction degree Among Extension Workers in North Sinai Governorate, determine the relationship between Extension Workers job satisfaction degree and the studied independent variables, and finally to... more
The research aimed to identify job satisfaction degree Among Extension Workers in North Sinai Governorate, determine the relationship between Extension Workers job satisfaction degree and the studied independent variables, and finally to recognize the most important problems facing respondents. Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 96 respondents representing 80% of the total extension workers in the Governorate , Numerical data , tables and percentages were used in data presentation , arithmetic means ,standard deviation, Pearson`s correlation coefficient , and Chi-Square Test were used to analyze data statistically. Results showed that 40.6 % of respondents were in the age category of (46 years and above), and about two thirds of respondents (64.6 %) were University graduates, more than half of respondents (57.3 %) were non-specialists in agricultural extension , and that more than half of respondents (55.2 %) were rural upbringing. Results showed that More than two fifths of respondents extension workers (44.79 %) had a high job satisfaction level , More than one third of them (35.42%) were in the middle category of job satisfaction level , while About one fifth of the respondents (19.79%) fall into the low job satisfaction category. A significant relationship at 0.01 level, were found between the level of Job satisfaction for the respondents and academic qualification, academic specialization, There were a significant correlation between the age of the respondents and the degree of job satisfaction at 0.05 level, A negative significant relationship at 0.01 level, were found between the total degree of respondents Job satisfaction and each of the following variables : the scope of supervised area , the distance between the workplace and place of residence for extension workers
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Bardawil Lake is considered one of the most important and purest Egyptian lakes. However, in recent years, a relative decrease in the quantity and value of production and a qualitative change has been observed in the fish produced by the... more
Bardawil Lake is considered one of the most important and purest Egyptian lakes. However, in recent years, a relative decrease in the quantity and value of production and a qualitative change has been observed in the fish produced by the lake. Hence, this study aimed to identify the most important problems facing the fishermen in Bardawil Lake and their suggestions to overcome them. This study was conducted in North Sinai Governorate, Data were collected using a focus group discussion method with 90.6% of the board's members of fishing associations (58 respondents). in addition, A random sample of 346 fishermen through a personal interview from May to December 2020. The results indicated the high age levels of fishermen (X̅ = 50.44) and the high illiteracy rate among them (58.57%) despite their high experience in the fishing profession, but unfortunately, it was not based on a training background as 69.65% of the respondent fishermen did not receive any training courses. only 13...
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This research aimed to identify the degree of farmers’ implementation of Orobranchial integrated control techniques in the old lands at El Behira Governorate, their sources of information, the most important problems facing them, and... more
This research aimed to identify the degree of farmers’ implementation of Orobranchial integrated control techniques in the old lands at El Behira Governorate, their sources of information, the most important problems facing them, and their suggestions for the advancement of the crop. the 3 largest administrative districts in terms of the area planted with the faba bean in 2021 were selected. These districts were Abu Homs, Adku and Dillingat, in three villages, namely, Tolimbat Bersiq, Debono, and Qamaha. Data were collected from November 2021 to January 2022 using a personal interview questionnaire with 269 respondents. The results showed a low level of respondents' implementation of integrated control techniques. Agricultural control techniques came at the fore, followed by chemical and biological control, whose implementation rate was very low among the respondents. The most important constraints facing implementing these techniques were lack of knowledge about the extension r...
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Purpose: The research aimed to identify the important problems facing the agricultural extension system in Egypt. Research Method: A simple random sample was selected from the extension workers in Fayoum and Beheira governorates (196... more
Purpose: The research aimed to identify the important problems facing the agricultural extension system in Egypt. Research Method: A simple random sample was selected from the extension workers in Fayoum and Beheira governorates (196 respondents) Data collection was done from October 2020 to February 2021, using a questionnaire designed based on the framework of modernization and development of agricultural extension systems developed by FAO. Findings: The results indicated that the extension organization in Egypt suffers from aging and erosion (62.2% of the surveyed agricultural extension workers are over 46 years old), 58.7% of the surveyed Extension workers were not specialized in agricultural extension. the extension workers were not sufficiently satisfied with their work. As for the important problems facing extension work in Egypt, foremost of which was the problem centralization, lack of authority delegation, absence of institutional work, absence of funding sources, weakness of the operational budget, weakness of the academic programs before service, absence of adequate training opportunities, absence of a clear and integrative mechanism to link agricultural extension with scientific research institutions, in addition to the absence of coordination with colleges of agriculture and veterinary medicine, mass media, NGOs, and private sector could be identified. Research Limitation: This study was based on a small sample in two governorates. Therefore, policymakers should be careful to generalize the findings to a broad context. Originality/ Value: This study dealt with extension problems within the framework of modernization and development of agricultural extension systems developed by FAO, to provide officials with a vision of the most important problems and reform priorities.
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The total quantity of fish produced in Egypt is estimated at 1413 thousand tons. The main sources are natural sources such as sea, river Nile and lakes, which produce about 455 thousand tons, and industrial sources such as fish farms,... more
The total quantity of fish produced in Egypt is estimated at 1413 thousand tons. The main sources are natural sources such as sea, river Nile and lakes, which produce about 455 thousand tons, and industrial sources such as fish farms, which produce about 957.96 thousand tons, representing 32.2% and 67.8%, And the amount consumed about 1733 thousand tons and estimated the fish gap is about 290 thousand tons, which are imported from abroad worth about 4131 million pounds for the average period (2010-2018). Egypt has a problem of low fish production despite the presence of large water bodies in addition to the possibility of increasing industrial sources such as fish farms and fish cages. Fish marketing also faces the greed of intermediaries, with the difficulty of funding for fishermen and weak marketing services. So come the search goal to identification of the main features of the production of (Tilapia, Mullet, Bayad, Catfish) and how to market fish through the study of producer prices, wholesaler and retailer during the period (
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North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still... more
North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 20...
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Background Wheat is one of the most important food and strategic crops because it is the main food for most Egyptian people; the research aimed to analyze the structure of the Egyptian foreign trade for wheat by determining the most... more
Background Wheat is one of the most important food and strategic crops because it is the main food for most Egyptian people; the research aimed to analyze the structure of the Egyptian foreign trade for wheat by determining the most important economic factors affecting the production, consumption, and imports of wheat. By building a standard model for analyzing the foreign wheat trade market in order to narrow the gap between production and consumption so as not to negatively affect the development rates in Egypt and to alleviate the deficit of the Egyptian trade balance, the research was based on descriptive and quantitative analysis using various measures such as relative importance and averages, simple regression analysis, and Simultaneous Equation System. Results There is a positive correlation between the quantity of wheat consumed as a dependent variable and the quantity of imports, local production, real national income, and the population as independent variables. For exampl...
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This study aims at studying microbial diversity in the surrounding area of El-Khadra Lake and its effect on expected agricultural processes to develop this area agriculturally. The soil also was tested for some physical and chemical... more
This study aims at studying microbial diversity in the surrounding area of El-Khadra Lake and its effect on expected agricultural processes to develop this area agriculturally. The soil also was tested for some physical and chemical properties. Soil was divided into 19 profiles to indicate existence of different microhabitats which may be close together. Many microbial techniques were applied for soil analysis to indicate the presence of different microbial activities within different microhabitats. The indication of the microflora in soil showed the dominance of fungi of genus Aspergillus sp. Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of the lake were determined in order to identify microbial distribution within the lake water. Results showed dominance of cyanobacteria in higher EC and pH levels and the Cyanobacteria project was high profitability at that area under study (El-Khadralake, Wadi El-Natroun, Egypt).
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The current study aimed to to evaluate the current situation of maize production and consumption, with an indication of the most important factors affecting production and how to achieve productivity and economic efficiency of crop... more
The current study aimed to to evaluate the current situation of maize production and consumption, with an indication of the most important factors affecting production and how to achieve productivity and economic efficiency of crop producers through a sample of the crop cultivator's specification, different methods are used to irrigate maize. The study depended on published and unpublished data from government agencies such as the Ministry of Agriculture, in addition to preliminary data from a survey sample consisting of 100 products of maize crop, The statistical treatment of the data included descriptive and quantitative analysis to analyze data and achieve the goals of the study as well as using the method of simple regression analysis and stepwise regression in logarithmic double function. The results showed that the production functions of flood, lined and sprinkler irrigation methods indicated that the nitrogenous and phosphates' fertilizers are the most important factors then followed by the amount of irrigation water, the amount of seeds and manure fertilizer, so these factors must be taken care, despite the producers working in a non-economic stage but they have an opportunity to increase their production. It was clear from the results that efficiency of the productive factors affecting the production of maize, the inefficiency of the seed component, manure fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in case of different irrigation systems.
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Background: Wheat is one of the most important food and strategic crops because it is the main food for most Egyptian people; the research aimed to analyze the structure of the Egyptian foreign trade for wheat by determining the most... more
Background: Wheat is one of the most important food and strategic crops because it is the main food for most Egyptian people; the research aimed to analyze the structure of the Egyptian foreign trade for wheat by determining the most important economic factors affecting the production, consumption, and imports of wheat. By building a standard model for analyzing the foreign wheat trade market in order to narrow the gap between production and consumption so as not to negatively affect the development rates in Egypt and to alleviate the deficit of the Egyptian trade balance, the research was based on descriptive and quantitative analysis using various measures such as relative importance and averages, simple regression analysis, and Simultaneous Equation System. Results: There is a positive correlation between the quantity of wheat consumed as a dependent variable and the quantity of imports, local production, real national income, and the population as independent variables. For example, the increase in wheat imports by 1 million tons led to an increase in the quantity consumed by 0.243 million tons; the import equation estimates that the decrease in domestic consumption of wheat by 1 million tons, the import price of wheat by one dollar, and the quantity of wheat stock by 1 million tons each lead to an increase in the quantity of imports of wheat at a rate of 0.97, 0.002, and 0.156 million tons, respectively, while the increase in real national income by 1 billion pounds increases the quantity of imports by about 0.005 million tons. Conclusions: The study concluded that while the factors affecting Egyptian imports of wheat remain the same, the probability of an increase in the Egyptian import bill increases year after year with a consequent increase in the deficit of the Egyptian trade balance, as well as the agricultural trade balance.
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The total quantity of fish produced in Egypt is estimated at 1413 thousand tons. The main sources are natural sources such as sea, river Nile and lakes, which produce about 455 thousand tons, and industrial sources such as fish farms,... more
The total quantity of fish produced in Egypt is estimated at 1413 thousand tons. The main sources are natural sources such as sea, river Nile and lakes, which produce about 455 thousand tons, and industrial sources such as fish farms, which produce about 957.96 thousand tons, representing 32.2% and 67.8%, And the amount consumed about 1733 thousand tons and estimated the fish gap is about 290 thousand tons, which are imported from abroad worth about 4131 million pounds for the average period (2010-2018). Egypt has a problem of low fish production despite the presence of large water bodies in addition to the possibility of increasing industrial sources such as fish farms and fish cages. Fish marketing also faces the greed of intermediaries, with the difficulty of funding for fishermen and weak marketing services. So come the search goal to identification of the main features of the production of (Tilapia, Mullet, Bayad, Catfish) and how to market fish through the study of producer prices, wholesaler and retailer during the period (
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ISSEMINATION of dialogue values such as justice, tolerance, freedom, humility and other positive dialogue values should not be viewed unilaterally, but should be viewed through a broad system of vision and thought. It represents about... more
ISSEMINATION of dialogue values such as justice, tolerance, freedom, humility and other positive dialogue values should not be viewed unilaterally, but should be viewed through a broad system of vision and thought. It represents about 57.3% of the total population in Egyptian society. This means the importance of attention to the problems facing the dissemination of dialogue values in rural society and ways to address them. The most important of these problems are the increase of illiteracy among the rural population, the high rate of poverty, the lack of renewal of religious discourse, the multiplicity of obstacles that hinder the ability of rural NGOs to achieve their goals, increase the divorce rate, the ineffectiveness of political party work, the phenomenon of revenge and retaliation in the rural community, and the phenomenon of smoking, and addiction. The study recommended activating the efforts exerted to confront the problem of illiteracy in the rural society, pushing more investments by the state, businessmen and the rural civil society, renewing the religious and emphasizing the decision of Al-Azhar and the Ministry of Endowments to establish two international academies to prepare an enlightened religious preacher capable of confronting terrorism and extremism in modern ways that are compatible with Variables of our contemporary reality, Speeding up the issuance of the new law of the Egyptian civil work, activating the role of family and community counseling before marriage to reduce the phenomenon of increasing the divorce rate, raising social awareness of the importance of political party work to establish the rules of democracy in Egypt, and the development of integrated rural development as a main entry to face the phenomenon of revenge, and activating the role of work And volunteer in rural areas to face the problem of smoking and abuse and addiction.
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The olive farmers' knowledge relative to production and marketing recommendations in Matrouh Governorate was identified from 260 respondents during October to December 2019. The results showed that 51.5 % of the farmers had a low level of... more
The olive farmers' knowledge relative to production and marketing recommendations in Matrouh Governorate was identified from 260 respondents during October to December 2019. The results showed that 51.5 % of the farmers had a low level of knowledge related to the production and marketing recommendations for olive crop. farmer's knowledge degree was significantly associated (P<0.01) with all the studied independent variables. It was also found that the decline in extension services and performance, exploitation and greed of middlemen and merchants, the high cost of establishing irrigation networks, and the absence of agricultural marketing extension revealed the most important constraints affecting production and marketing practices for olive culture in the region. Therefore, it was recommended that training programs and extension services should be implemented to farmers that could contribute towards increasing olive productivity and marketing in Matrouh government, Egypt.
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إستهدفت الدراسة التعرف علي أهم المشكلات التى تعوق إقامة مشروعات صغيرة ومتوسطة لدى الشباب الريفى بمركز بئر العبد فى محافظة شمال سيناء، ومقترحاتهم المتعلقة بسبل دعم وتطوير المشروعات الصغيرة بالمنطقة. وقد تم تجميع بيانات هذا البحث... more
إستهدفت الدراسة التعرف علي أهم المشكلات التى تعوق إقامة مشروعات صغيرة ومتوسطة لدى الشباب الريفى بمركز بئر العبد فى محافظة شمال سيناء، ومقترحاتهم المتعلقة بسبل دعم وتطوير المشروعات الصغيرة بالمنطقة. وقد تم تجميع بيانات هذا البحث بواسطة إستمارة إستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية مع الشباب الريفى الذين إستطاعوا الحصول على تمويل من المشروع القومى للتنمية المجتمعية والبشرية والمحلية (مشروعك) الذي تنفذه وزارة التنمية المحلية بقرى مركز بئر العبد، وبلغ عددهم 80 مبحوثا وذلك خلال شهرى نوفمبر وديسمبر 2019. وتمثلت أهم النتائج فيما يلي: 1) كان غالبية المبحوثين من الشباب (58,75% ) ، كما إتضح أن معظم المبحوثين 70% متزوجون، وأن 40% منهم إناث وهى نسبة كبيرة تعكس مشاركة المرأة الفعالة فى المجتمع السيناوى فى المشاريع الصغيرة. 2) أوضحت النتائج وجود العديد من المصادر التى يستقى منها المبحوثين معلوماتهم عن المشروعات الصغيرة وجاء فى مقدمة هذه المصادر الجيران والزملاء (81,3%) ثم الدورات التدريبية (56,25%) والإنترنت (48,8%) ، فى حين جاءت مصادر كالصحف والمجلات، والإذاعة والتلفزيون، والإجتماعات الإرشادية، والنشرات الإرشادية فى المراكز الأخيرة بنسب 18,8% ، 16,3% ، 15%، 11,3% على التوالى. وتشير هذه النتائج الى ان أن الطرق الإرشادية تحتل مكانة متدنية فى سلم هذه المصادر. 3) إنعكس تأثير إمتلاك معظم المبحوثين (80%) للمشروعات الصغيرة إيجابياً على تحسين نوعية الطعام بالنسبة لهم، كما تحسن قدرة 66,2% منهم على إقتناء سلع معمرة، بينما أثر إمتلاك المشروعات الصغيرة لغالبية المبحوثين (62,5%) تـأثيراً إيجابياً على تحسين الإدخار. 4) تعددت المشكلات التى تواجه الشباب الريفى سواء أكانت هذه المشكلات مالية أو مشكلات متعلقة بالتشغيل أو تسويقية أو تقنية وقد كانت صعوبة حصول المبحوثين على التمويل من المصادر الرسمية، يليها مشكلة إرتفاع فوائد القروض للمبحوثين من أهم المشكلات المالية. وفيما يخص أهم مشكلات التشغيل فكانت ارتفاع أسعار مستلزمات الإنتاج، وعدم توافرالسيولة النقدية للتشغيل لمواجهة المشكلات الطارئة وعدم وجود أى دعم حكومى على خامات المشروعات الإنتاجية. كما إتضح أن نقص القدرة الرأسمالية للإنفاق على الترويج والمشاركة في معارض ومهرجانات التسوق الداخلية والخارجية مثلت الترتيب الأول فى قائمة المشاكل التسويقية. 5) وأشارت النتائج أيضاً إلى بعض مقترحات الشباب المبحوثين لتطوير المشروعات الصغيرة والمتوسطة بالمنطقة وكانت أهمها بالترتيب: المساعدة فى الحصول على قروض مالية بأسعار فائدة مخفضة، وتوفير برامج إقراض طويلة الأجل، والتعريف بمصادر التمويل الملائمة للمشروع، وتوفير إستشارات خاصة بدراسات الجدوى الإقتصادية والفنية. لذلك توصى هذه الدراسة بضرورة قيام مخططي ومنفذي البرامج الإرشادية بتقديم برامج تدريبية إرشادية لأصحاب المشروعات الصغيرة على نظم الإدارة الحديثة للمشروعات من حيث كيفية إدارة العملية التسويقية والإنتاجية، وكيفية التعامل مع المؤسسات الحكومية والبنوك، بالإضافة إلى توفير التدريب الإرشادى المناسب لتطوير مهارات العاملين في أنشطة المشروعات الصغيرة بالمجتمع السيناوى.
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North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still... more
North Sinai governorate is one of the largest desert areas in terms of intensity of agricultural extension work, In spite of efforts by state agencies to bring about agricultural development in the governorate, agriculture is still somewhat characterized by primitive traditional methods, making agricultural development rates almost indistinguishable, And with the scarcity of extension research carried out in North Sinai in the field of environmental SWOT analysis, It was necessary to conduct the study that is trying to analyze the current situation of agricultural extension in North Sinai governorate through identifying the strengths; weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). A participatory SWOT analysis study using open-ended qualitative-type instrument was conducted; Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 90 respondents representing 75% of the total extension workers in North Sinai Governorate, during the period from May till October 2018. The results showed that the most important strengths of these were that a large proportion of the extension workers are specialized in agricultural extension, more than half of the guides were from rural areas and the high job satisfaction degree among of the majority of the extension workers while the most important weaknesses were Weak budget and inadequate funding for extension work, Absence of job description for the extension workers, and Lack of financial and material resources. On the other hand the most important opportunities were Availability of research institutes in the governorate, NGO-Public Sector Collaboration. While the most important threats were Decreased investments targeting the agricultural sector in general and the extension system in particular, Poor Farmer Organization, Security instability in the governorate. Depending upon SWOT outputs, some relevant strategies were discussed to develop agricultural extension system in the governorate through some dimensions that uses strengths and opportunities to overcome weaknesses and to avoid threats or minimize their effects. Introduction Agricultural extension programs capacity to respond to the needs and problems of targeted rural groups and areas is one of the most important challenges faced by those responsible for these systems and programs in all countries in general and Arab countries in particular, The good preparation of the Strategy for the Development of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Systems and Programs in the Arab States is based on a series of activities and participatory efforts undertaken by the Strategic Planning Group of each country (Shafie, 2012) Hence, Strategic management is the ongoing process of establishing, implementing and evaluating decisions that enable the Organization to achieve its objectives. Strategic management allows the institution to be more active than the reaction in shaping its future. It allows an organization to start and influence-rather than simply respond to activities-and thereby control its destiny (David, 2003). The process of strategic management or strategic planning is one of the concepts related to identification of strategic decisions that are based on vision, mission, objectives and the external and internal analysis of the organization to make strategic choices. (Barney and Hesterly, 2006) The strategic management process consists of three stages: strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. SWOT analysis of external opportunities and threats as well as the internal strengths and weaknesses of the enterprises is important for strategy formulation and development (Chang, Huang, 2006).
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Background: Although North Sinai Governorate has a comparative advantage in the production of some crops as olive crop, which generates a distinct economic return, whether marketed locally or exported. This governorate occupies the... more
Background: Although North Sinai Governorate has a comparative advantage in the production of some crops as olive crop, which generates a distinct economic return, whether marketed locally or exported. This governorate occupies the twentieth place for the productivity of this crop in Egypt. The research aimed to identify the most important production and marketing problems facing olive farmers in North Sinai Governorate. Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 100 respondents representing 25% of the total olive farmers at Meriah village from October to December 2015. Results: Results showed that there are many production and marketing problems faced by farmers. The most frequent of the production problems were the problem of increasing fertilizer prices (64% of the surveyed farmers), and the problem of irrigation water high salinity (52% of the respondents). Where the majority of the respondents mentioned that these problems are the most important productive problems they are facing, followed by problems of poor level of extension services (48%), high cost of irrigation wells (47%), difficulty in owning land (46%), and lack of agricultural mechanization (39%), while the most important marketing problems were the problem of the exploitation of traders (62%), the absence of agricultural marketing extension (59%), the high prices of trained labor to collect the crop (59%), and lack of olive presses present in the area (57%). Conclusions: In spite of the efforts exerted by the Agricultural Extension Agency in the Governorate of North Sinai to assist olive farmers and raise their knowledge and skills level in relation to this crop, and despite the fact that this Governorate has a comparative advantage in terms of cultivated area and the quality of the final product, olive farmers face many production and marketing problems such as increasing fertilizer prices, irrigation water high salinity, poor level of extension services, high cost of irrigation wells, absence of agricultural marketing extension, and lack of agricultural mechanization. So that agricultural extension as a free educational service should assist farmers through targeted extension programs aimed at guiding them in the best way to address and overcome these problems.
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Today's media plays an important role in the development and modernization of societies in various aspects of life, Television is acknowledged as the most important medium for communicating with the rural populations in developing... more
Today's media plays an important role in the development and modernization of societies in various aspects of life, Television is acknowledged as the most important medium for communicating with the rural populations in developing countries Accordingly, Egypt Agricultural Channel was established to serve the agricultural sector in the Arab Republic of Egypt. This channel targets a at least 20 million Egyptians working in the agricultural sector directly and indirectly. The study was carried out to examine the impact of Egypt Agricultural Channel (EAC)and to evaluate its role as an educational tool in the enhancement of farmers' agricultural knowledge, Descriptive research design was used, This research was conducted in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, A multi-stage sampling technique was used, Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire with 331 respondents representing13.4% of the total number of holders of the three chosen villages, Research data were collected through personal interviewing questionnaire during the period from February till May 2017. Results showed that 30.2 % of the respondents obtain agricultural information from television, and 59 % of them did not watch EAC before, Results also showed that 35.3% of the channel's followers saw channel programs as not useful ,This clearly indicates that the channel did not succeed in reaching a large segment of the farmers, which is the purpose for which the channel was established. Results also showed that 42 % of them prefer programs in the dramatic format, and 24 % of them prefer talk shows programs, which necessitates channel operators to pay more attention to the Agricultural programs formats Preferred by the respondents. Results also revealed that many problems facing the respondents who watched EAC programs, lack of content attractiveness as mentioned by 76.5 %, Followed by the Poor-coverage for farmers' knowledge needs (72.8%), Which requires the intervention of officials to solve these problems So that the channel can play its role in serving development issues to the fullest extent.
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The problem of the study was conspicuously represented in the low standard of living of a large sector of farmers, and consequently the spread of endemic diseases in Egypt, which impact the health of citizens and their ability to work and... more
The problem of the study was conspicuously represented in the low standard of living of a large sector of farmers, and consequently the spread of endemic diseases in Egypt, which impact the health of citizens and their ability to work and produce. The diseases of liver (virus C) and schistosomiasis head the list of health problems in Egypt. Thus, these diseases badly affect the efficiency of worker productivity and national output. Additionally, this leads to a decline in the educational level of these children and preventing them from education where the father is forced to remove them from schools and forcing them to work. This is on the personal level of the individuals. This is in addition to the burden upon the public budget of the state of the expenses of treating citizens from endemic diseases including abdominal medicine; such as C virus by about 3.2 billion pounds as a budget for treatment at the expense of the state for 2015-2016. The percentage of public expenditure on health to the public expenditure of the state, according to the general budget of the state in 2014, is about 5%. There is a hope to eliminate schistosomiasis since the numbers of the inflected people through out the Republic in 2018 is only 8% according to the Ministry of Health report and hopes to completely eliminate it by 2030.Therefore, the study recommends the importance of paying attention to awareness campaigns, which show the seriousness of infection of these diseases, and which proved to be effective in the sample of the study through the home visits of rural leaders.
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Olive and olive oil production, which is widespread throughout the Mediterranean region, plays an important social, economic and environmental role in producing countries. Although Egypt has a comparative advantage in the production olive... more
Olive and olive oil production, which is widespread throughout the Mediterranean region, plays an important social, economic and environmental role in producing countries. Although Egypt has a comparative advantage in the production olive crop, which generates a distinct economic return, whether marketed locally or exported, Egypt occupies the 10 th place in the global ranking of the countries producing less than 1% of Global production of olive oil. In order to achieve a qualitative leap in the production and marketing of olives, it is necessary to identify the leading countries in this field and study their experience in order to benefit from them; Tunisia is one of the leading countries in the field of olive production and marketing therefore its experience should be studied carefully. The results showed that the most important reasons for Tunisia's superiority over Egypt in the production and marketing of the olive crop were the superiority of the Republic of Tunisia over Egypt in the olive area, increased rainfall in Tunisia, Provide support structures such as the encouragement funds it has established for the exporters of olive oil, increasing storage capacity, The existence of a advanced quality control system. Opening new markets. The results also showed that there are many determinants face Olive production in Egypt that can be classified into environmental, technical and human determinants, economic and legislative determinants.
Research Interests:
Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the modern economy; the research aims to identify the role of small and medium enterprises in the economic development in the Arab Republic of Egypt and identify the most... more
Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) play an important role in the modern economy; the research aims to identify the role of small and medium enterprises in the economic development in the Arab Republic of Egypt and identify the most important problems and obstacles facing these projects , The results show that, Egypt has 2.5 million small, medium and micro enterprises, representing 99% of the total non-agricultural projects, about 78% of these projects did not receive any banking facilities, The performance SMEs is very weak in terms of export to foreign markets. SMEs can contribute in the process of accelerating development because it does not require huge investments at the same time, and is able to increase employment and mobilize small individual savings, as well as help in the preparation of technical cadres. It also enables the development of exports, including the acquisition of foreign currency and thus improving the balance of payments of developing countries, in addition to their contribution to the formation of a balanced industrial sector that serves the national economy, However Small and medium enterprises in Egypt face many problems that limit the ability to develop them. This sector is still suffering from basic obstacles such as difficulty obtaining finance and guarantees, and many other difficulties related to the inappropriate business environment, laws and regulations, poor infrastructure and banking so that Egyptian government must put a clear approach and specific objectives for the development of these projects.
Research Interests:
Egypt has a comparative advantage in the production olive crop, which generates a distinct economic return, whether marketed locally or exported; Egypt occupies the 10th place in the global ranking of the countries producing less than 1%... more
Egypt has a comparative advantage in the production olive crop, which generates a distinct economic return, whether marketed locally or exported; Egypt occupies the 10th place in the global ranking of the countries producing less than 1% of Global production of olive oil. In order to achieve a qualitative leap in the production and marketing of olives, it is necessary to identify the leading countries in this field and study their experience in order to benefit from them; Tunisia is one of the leading countries in the field of olive production and marketing therefore its experience should be studied carefully. The results showed that the most important reasons for Tunisia's superiority over Egypt in the production and marketing of the olive crop were the superiority of the Republic of Tunisia over Egypt in the olive area, increased rainfall in Tunisia, Provide support structures such as the encouragement funds it has established for the exporters of olive oil, increasing storage capacity, The existence of a advanced quality control system. The results also showed that there are many determinants face Olive production in Egypt that can be classified into environmental, technical and human determinants, economic and legislative determinants.