L'etude dendrochronologique du site du Bronze Frassino I sur les rivages du lac Laghetto del ... more L'etude dendrochronologique du site du Bronze Frassino I sur les rivages du lac Laghetto del Frassino (Italie du Nord-est) a permis la construction d'une chronologie locale pour le chene de 194 ans. La chronologie, datee par la methode Wiggle Matching, se situe dans la periode entre 1830 et 1637 BC ± 12 ans. Les differentes phases d'abbattage des pieux nous ont permis de reconstituer avec une precision annuelle le developpement du village pendant une periode d'environ 70 ans entre 1709 et 1637 cal. BC. La datation du site Frassino I, dont les materiaux archeologiques sont attribues a la fin du Bronze Ancien et au debut du Bronze Moyen, semble permettre de situer le debut du Bronze Moyen au plus tard dans la premiere moitie du XVIIe siecle BC.
Abstract Several wooden objects discovered in the sanctuary of the goddess Mephitis in the Ansant... more Abstract Several wooden objects discovered in the sanctuary of the goddess Mephitis in the Ansanto Valley (Southern Italy), and dated to the second half of the 1st millennium BC, are analyzed in this study with the aim of investigating the woodworking technologies of the ancient population, the Samnites, who venerated the goddess. No woodworking tools have been discovered during archaeological excavations and original tool-marks on the objects were covered during the restoration of the objects in the mid 20th century. Therefore, a dendrotypological approach was used to study the objects, though challenges to the analyses and interpretation of results arose from the non-optimal state of preservation of the wood and the materials used during restoration, which interrupt the tree-ring sequences. The analyzed features (wood taxon, tree age and size and part of the trunk isolated for the carving process) highlight the presence of non-uniform woodworking practices, which could be related to the presence of several craftsmen or woodshops, as attested in the ancient Greek world. The stylistic differences identified in the sculptures from the Ansanto Valley might refer to the social status of Samnite families who commissioned the ex-voto.
Reconstructing the colonization and demographic dynamics that gave rise to extant forests is esse... more Reconstructing the colonization and demographic dynamics that gave rise to extant forests is essential to forecasts of forest responses to environmental changes. Classical approaches to map how population of trees changed through space and time largely rely on pollen distribution patterns, with only a limited number of studies exploiting DNA molecules preserved in wooden tree archaeological and subfossil remains. Here, we advance such analyses by applying high throughput (HTS) DNA sequencing to wood archaeological and subfossil material for the first time, using a comprehensive sample of 167 European white oak waterlogged remains spanning a large temporal (from 550 to 9,800 years) and geographical range across Europe. The successful characterization of the endogenous DNA and exogenous microbial DNA of 140 (~83%) samples helped the identification of environmental conditions favoring long-term DNA preservation in wood remains, and started to unveil the first trends in the DNA decay pr...
Dendrocronologia delle palafitte dell'Italia settentrionale : uno strumento per lo studio dell'evoluzione dell'intervento dell'uomo sul territorio nel corso dell'età del bronzo, 2018
ABSTRACT: Badino F. et al., Foundation, development and abandoning of a Bronze age pile-dwelling ... more ABSTRACT: Badino F. et al., Foundation, development and abandoning of a Bronze age pile-dwelling (“Lucone D” site, Garda lake) recorded in the palynostratigraphic sequence of the pond offshore the settlement. (IT ISSN 0394-3356, 2011). The ongoing archaeological ...
A successful teleconnection of the Hocevarica HOC-QUSP1 chronology and the chronology structure 1... more A successful teleconnection of the Hocevarica HOC-QUSP1 chronology and the chronology structure 1 from Palu di Livenza (Pordenone, NE Italy) is presented. According to radiocarbon dating, structure 1 in Pal? is attributed to the first half of the 4th millennium BC. This coincides with the radiocarbon dating of the chronology from Hocevarica. The building activities for structure 1 in Palu ended earlier than those at Hocevarica. The results represent the first known dendrochronological correspondence of prehistoric chronologies from Slovenia and Italy.
The paper presents the results of the archaeological re- search carried out in the UNESCO pile dw... more The paper presents the results of the archaeological re- search carried out in the UNESCO pile dwelling site of Laghetto del Frassino (in the municipality of Peschiera del Garda, near Verona), in September 2014. As supposed, the settlement spread also in the dry side of the lake bank. Samples of wood and soil have been collected for archaeometric analysis.
The evidence of prehistoric long-distance exchange networks in northern Italy is overwhelming, at... more The evidence of prehistoric long-distance exchange networks in northern Italy is overwhelming, attested by several finds of non-local raw materials in Bronze Age pile-dwelling settlements of Lake Garda and eastern Po plain, like amber beads and bronze artefacts. Metals are dispersed throughout Bronze Age Europe from mining communities within the Alpine regions, and possibly local artefacts, like the Peschiera-type daggers, are known from archaeological records throughout Europe. This positions the region as part of organized networks of trade and communication connecting prehistoric Europe from north to south. This, however, does not in itself indicate a similar long-distance mobility of prehistoric individuals. To investigate individual, human provenance and mobility, the strontium (Sr) isotope methodology compares strontium isotope analysis of human remains to bioavailable strontium isotope baselines characterizing the regions of interest. We present here environmentally based, multi-proxy (water, soil leachates and plants) Sr baselines from the Lake Garda region. Our results show two separate baselines, roughly corresponding to the geographical distribution of rock types and erosional products thereof. One baseline is valid for the Lake Garda region, where Mesozoic carbonates are a dominant surface-near strontium source, and for the central Po plain north of River Po. We constrain this to 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7088 ± 0.0014 (2σ; n = 44) when including 9 compatible samples reported previously. The second Sr-baseline is valid for Alpine areas dominated by magmatic (basalts excluded) and metamorphic bedrock around the Fersina valley. We constrain this to 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7146 ± 0.0058 (2σ; n = 22) when including 11 compatible samples reported in previous studies. The baselines are compatible with previously reported results of other Sr proxies such as snails, archaeological fauna, and agricultural soils and products from the region.
The pile dwelling was discovered in 1955 in the valley of the river Menago, just a few hundred me... more The pile dwelling was discovered in 1955 in the valley of the river Menago, just a few hundred meters south of the settlement of Tombola di Cerea (VR). A first excavation was carried out that very year by Francesco Zorzi, director of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale of Verona; the digging has been resumed in 1999 by the Soprintendenza Archeologica of Veneto. The results of these excavations have ascertained that the prehistoric dwelling site was built in a marshy environment. Only some vertical poles and some horizontal beams were preserved, which leads to the hypothesis that there existed a wooden platform on which the sheds were standing. The structural elements of the palafitte find correspondents in others settlements in moist environment from the Middle Bronze Age. The paleogeographic reconstruction of the immediate hinterland confirm the location of the site at the center of the Menago River Paleovalley, an incision a few hundred meters wide and more than ten meters deep, a...
L'etude dendrochronologique du site du Bronze Frassino I sur les rivages du lac Laghetto del ... more L'etude dendrochronologique du site du Bronze Frassino I sur les rivages du lac Laghetto del Frassino (Italie du Nord-est) a permis la construction d'une chronologie locale pour le chene de 194 ans. La chronologie, datee par la methode Wiggle Matching, se situe dans la periode entre 1830 et 1637 BC ± 12 ans. Les differentes phases d'abbattage des pieux nous ont permis de reconstituer avec une precision annuelle le developpement du village pendant une periode d'environ 70 ans entre 1709 et 1637 cal. BC. La datation du site Frassino I, dont les materiaux archeologiques sont attribues a la fin du Bronze Ancien et au debut du Bronze Moyen, semble permettre de situer le debut du Bronze Moyen au plus tard dans la premiere moitie du XVIIe siecle BC.
Abstract Several wooden objects discovered in the sanctuary of the goddess Mephitis in the Ansant... more Abstract Several wooden objects discovered in the sanctuary of the goddess Mephitis in the Ansanto Valley (Southern Italy), and dated to the second half of the 1st millennium BC, are analyzed in this study with the aim of investigating the woodworking technologies of the ancient population, the Samnites, who venerated the goddess. No woodworking tools have been discovered during archaeological excavations and original tool-marks on the objects were covered during the restoration of the objects in the mid 20th century. Therefore, a dendrotypological approach was used to study the objects, though challenges to the analyses and interpretation of results arose from the non-optimal state of preservation of the wood and the materials used during restoration, which interrupt the tree-ring sequences. The analyzed features (wood taxon, tree age and size and part of the trunk isolated for the carving process) highlight the presence of non-uniform woodworking practices, which could be related to the presence of several craftsmen or woodshops, as attested in the ancient Greek world. The stylistic differences identified in the sculptures from the Ansanto Valley might refer to the social status of Samnite families who commissioned the ex-voto.
Reconstructing the colonization and demographic dynamics that gave rise to extant forests is esse... more Reconstructing the colonization and demographic dynamics that gave rise to extant forests is essential to forecasts of forest responses to environmental changes. Classical approaches to map how population of trees changed through space and time largely rely on pollen distribution patterns, with only a limited number of studies exploiting DNA molecules preserved in wooden tree archaeological and subfossil remains. Here, we advance such analyses by applying high throughput (HTS) DNA sequencing to wood archaeological and subfossil material for the first time, using a comprehensive sample of 167 European white oak waterlogged remains spanning a large temporal (from 550 to 9,800 years) and geographical range across Europe. The successful characterization of the endogenous DNA and exogenous microbial DNA of 140 (~83%) samples helped the identification of environmental conditions favoring long-term DNA preservation in wood remains, and started to unveil the first trends in the DNA decay pr...
Dendrocronologia delle palafitte dell'Italia settentrionale : uno strumento per lo studio dell'evoluzione dell'intervento dell'uomo sul territorio nel corso dell'età del bronzo, 2018
ABSTRACT: Badino F. et al., Foundation, development and abandoning of a Bronze age pile-dwelling ... more ABSTRACT: Badino F. et al., Foundation, development and abandoning of a Bronze age pile-dwelling (“Lucone D” site, Garda lake) recorded in the palynostratigraphic sequence of the pond offshore the settlement. (IT ISSN 0394-3356, 2011). The ongoing archaeological ...
A successful teleconnection of the Hocevarica HOC-QUSP1 chronology and the chronology structure 1... more A successful teleconnection of the Hocevarica HOC-QUSP1 chronology and the chronology structure 1 from Palu di Livenza (Pordenone, NE Italy) is presented. According to radiocarbon dating, structure 1 in Pal? is attributed to the first half of the 4th millennium BC. This coincides with the radiocarbon dating of the chronology from Hocevarica. The building activities for structure 1 in Palu ended earlier than those at Hocevarica. The results represent the first known dendrochronological correspondence of prehistoric chronologies from Slovenia and Italy.
The paper presents the results of the archaeological re- search carried out in the UNESCO pile dw... more The paper presents the results of the archaeological re- search carried out in the UNESCO pile dwelling site of Laghetto del Frassino (in the municipality of Peschiera del Garda, near Verona), in September 2014. As supposed, the settlement spread also in the dry side of the lake bank. Samples of wood and soil have been collected for archaeometric analysis.
The evidence of prehistoric long-distance exchange networks in northern Italy is overwhelming, at... more The evidence of prehistoric long-distance exchange networks in northern Italy is overwhelming, attested by several finds of non-local raw materials in Bronze Age pile-dwelling settlements of Lake Garda and eastern Po plain, like amber beads and bronze artefacts. Metals are dispersed throughout Bronze Age Europe from mining communities within the Alpine regions, and possibly local artefacts, like the Peschiera-type daggers, are known from archaeological records throughout Europe. This positions the region as part of organized networks of trade and communication connecting prehistoric Europe from north to south. This, however, does not in itself indicate a similar long-distance mobility of prehistoric individuals. To investigate individual, human provenance and mobility, the strontium (Sr) isotope methodology compares strontium isotope analysis of human remains to bioavailable strontium isotope baselines characterizing the regions of interest. We present here environmentally based, multi-proxy (water, soil leachates and plants) Sr baselines from the Lake Garda region. Our results show two separate baselines, roughly corresponding to the geographical distribution of rock types and erosional products thereof. One baseline is valid for the Lake Garda region, where Mesozoic carbonates are a dominant surface-near strontium source, and for the central Po plain north of River Po. We constrain this to 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7088 ± 0.0014 (2σ; n = 44) when including 9 compatible samples reported previously. The second Sr-baseline is valid for Alpine areas dominated by magmatic (basalts excluded) and metamorphic bedrock around the Fersina valley. We constrain this to 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7146 ± 0.0058 (2σ; n = 22) when including 11 compatible samples reported in previous studies. The baselines are compatible with previously reported results of other Sr proxies such as snails, archaeological fauna, and agricultural soils and products from the region.
The pile dwelling was discovered in 1955 in the valley of the river Menago, just a few hundred me... more The pile dwelling was discovered in 1955 in the valley of the river Menago, just a few hundred meters south of the settlement of Tombola di Cerea (VR). A first excavation was carried out that very year by Francesco Zorzi, director of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale of Verona; the digging has been resumed in 1999 by the Soprintendenza Archeologica of Veneto. The results of these excavations have ascertained that the prehistoric dwelling site was built in a marshy environment. Only some vertical poles and some horizontal beams were preserved, which leads to the hypothesis that there existed a wooden platform on which the sheds were standing. The structural elements of the palafitte find correspondents in others settlements in moist environment from the Middle Bronze Age. The paleogeographic reconstruction of the immediate hinterland confirm the location of the site at the center of the Menago River Paleovalley, an incision a few hundred meters wide and more than ten meters deep, a...
Ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae. An international e-conference in honour of Dr Maurizio Buora, May 12-13, 2022 / Izmir, Turkey, Colloquia Anatolica et Aegaea - Congressus internationales Smyrnenses XII., 2022
This video conference took place on May 12-13, 2022 in Izmir, Turkey. All the lectures and discus... more This video conference took place on May 12-13, 2022 in Izmir, Turkey. All the lectures and discussions in our e-conference were in English, and were recorded for later viewing on YouTube for participants who were unable to attend the live performance.
Thematically papers were divided into 11 sessions, dealing with different aspects of Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae (cf. the program in the abstract booklet). Revised papers will be published in a peer-reviewed proceedings volume.
A fibula is a brooch or pin for fastening garments, typically at the right shoulder. The fibulae developed in a variety of shapes and are usually divided into families that are based upon historical periods, geography, and/or cultures. They are also divided into classes that are based upon their general forms. Fibulae were found in relatively large quantities in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area, where they were in use and produced frequently between the Bronze Age and Medieval periods. So far the study of these multifunctional objects has been overlooked in the Mediterranean whereas there is still a huge amount of unpublished material from excavations and museums in an area from Portugal down to Egypt.
Fibulae can be categorized based on different criteria, including genres of material, production, use and distribution. The purpose of this video conference was to create an analytical framework for understanding the fibulae in their social and material contexts. This conference considered in depth the role played by fibulas – whose uses ranged from clothes pins to status symbols to military badges of rank – in ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine societies. In recent decades, major excavation projects have produced vast quantities of material data that have reshaped our understanding of the fibulae, while also raising new questions about their use and production over the long term. We focused on a study of brooches in general and fibulas in particular. Along the way we looked at the intersection between material culture and ethnicity, dealing with the contentious issue of how much that a people’s material culture can tell us about their ethnicity – or not! In this online conference we only focused on Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae from the Mediterranean and Black Sea area between c. early sixth century B.C. and early seventh century A.D., and attempted to set out a comprehensive model for the study of fibulae, including their definition, typology, chronology, contexts, function, regional characteristics and distribution patterns in the whole Mediterranean and Black Sea geographies.
This conference on ancient material culture and instrumenta is dedicated to the 75th birthday of Dr Maurizio Buora, the former director of the Civici Musei Castello di Udine in Italy and an international authority on fibulae.
Such papers that engage the following themes and topics are invited:
- Fibulae from archaeological field projects (especially well-dated finds), museums and private collections,
- Identification of different kinds of fibulas,
- Ancient Greek and Latin textual sources on fibulae,
- Evolution of fibulae in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area during the Etruscan, Lydian, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- The construction of fibula taxonomies,
- Similar instrumenta in the ancient Near East and their relations to ancient Graeco-Roman fibulae, - The nature of different types of surviving material culture,
- What ancient Greeks and Romans thought about afterlife? Fibulae in funerary and votive contexts,
- Comparative studies and issues related to the adoption of Greek and/or Roman fibula models in indigenous contexts: fibulae as major indicators of the relationship between these two communities (indigenous and Greek or Roman),
- Fibula as an indicator of rank and prestige in the ancient world,
- Domestic and commercial use of fibulae,
- Early Christian fibulae,
- Byzantine fibulae,
- Post-Byzantine or modern replicas of Classical fibulae,
- Eastern fibulae in the ancient western world,
- Major production centres of fibulae in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea area,
- Related instrumenta to fibulae in the regards of their function,
- Documentation and analysis of fibulae,
- The creation of a fully annotated and organized corpus,
- Publication of fibulae in the Mediterranean in possible corpara,
- Miscellanea.
Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials for Diagnostic, Conservation, and Restoration of Cultural Heritage, 2018
Wooden artifacts generally are studied using different scientific methods, including wood anatomy... more Wooden artifacts generally are studied using different scientific methods, including wood anatomy and dendrochronology. Data provided by such studies may enable high-precision dating and often elucidate the cultural background of the artifact, including information about wood origin, sources and supply, technological properties, and techniques used for making the artifact.
Lo studio svolto sui materiali rinvenuti nel corso degli scavi degli ultimi anni ha permesso di m... more Lo studio svolto sui materiali rinvenuti nel corso degli scavi degli ultimi anni ha permesso di migliorare le nostre conoscenze della facies nord-occidentale, mettendo in evidenza gli aspetti salienti della fase identificata come Bodio-Mercurago-Pollera. I confronti effettuati col mondo transalpino, sia per i materiali delle collezioni sia per i nuovi rinvenimenti, hanno confermato un’attribuzione alla fase iniziale del Bronzo Medio, con alcuni elementi che rimandano all’ultimo momento dell’antica età del Bronzo, quando sembra svilupparsi in area nord-occidentale un network culturale con circuiti diversi da quello poladiano-gardesano, orientato invece verso direttrici transalpine danubiane; questa modalità sembra essere ribadita con l’inizio del Bronzo Medio. L’area di collegamento tra le due realtà è da individuare probabilmente nei territori dell’Emilia nord occidentale, come attesterebbe l’abitato di Chiaravalle della Colomba (PC), dove elementi palafitticoliterramaricoli si affiancano ad altri di matrice spiccatamente nord-occidentale.
The first presentation on the oak chronology dated by wiggle-matching for Venice and its lagoon. ... more The first presentation on the oak chronology dated by wiggle-matching for Venice and its lagoon. List of the early medieval archaeological sites dated in the 7th century cal AD
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Papers by Nicoletta Martinelli
based, multi-proxy (water, soil leachates and plants) Sr baselines from the Lake Garda region. Our results show two separate baselines, roughly corresponding to the geographical distribution of rock types and erosional
products thereof. One baseline is valid for the Lake Garda region, where Mesozoic carbonates are a dominant surface-near strontium source, and for the central Po plain north of River Po. We constrain this to 87Sr/86Sr =
0.7088 ± 0.0014 (2σ; n = 44) when including 9 compatible samples reported previously. The second Sr-baseline is valid for Alpine areas dominated by magmatic (basalts excluded) and metamorphic bedrock around the Fersina valley. We constrain this to 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7146 ± 0.0058 (2σ; n = 22) when including 11 compatible samples reported in previous studies. The baselines are compatible with previously reported results of other Sr proxies such as snails, archaeological fauna, and agricultural soils and products from the region.
based, multi-proxy (water, soil leachates and plants) Sr baselines from the Lake Garda region. Our results show two separate baselines, roughly corresponding to the geographical distribution of rock types and erosional
products thereof. One baseline is valid for the Lake Garda region, where Mesozoic carbonates are a dominant surface-near strontium source, and for the central Po plain north of River Po. We constrain this to 87Sr/86Sr =
0.7088 ± 0.0014 (2σ; n = 44) when including 9 compatible samples reported previously. The second Sr-baseline is valid for Alpine areas dominated by magmatic (basalts excluded) and metamorphic bedrock around the Fersina valley. We constrain this to 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7146 ± 0.0058 (2σ; n = 22) when including 11 compatible samples reported in previous studies. The baselines are compatible with previously reported results of other Sr proxies such as snails, archaeological fauna, and agricultural soils and products from the region.
Thematically papers were divided into 11 sessions, dealing with different aspects of Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae (cf. the program in the abstract booklet). Revised papers will be published in a peer-reviewed proceedings volume.
A fibula is a brooch or pin for fastening garments, typically at the right shoulder. The fibulae developed in a variety of shapes and are usually divided into families that are based upon historical periods, geography, and/or cultures. They are also divided into classes that are based upon their general forms. Fibulae were found in relatively large quantities in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area, where they were in use and produced frequently between the Bronze Age and Medieval periods. So far the study of these multifunctional objects has been overlooked in the Mediterranean whereas there is still a huge amount of unpublished material from excavations and museums in an area from Portugal down to Egypt.
Fibulae can be categorized based on different criteria, including genres of material, production, use and distribution. The purpose of this video conference was to create an analytical framework for understanding the fibulae in their social and material contexts. This conference considered in depth the role played by fibulas – whose uses ranged from clothes pins to status symbols to military badges of rank – in ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine societies. In recent decades, major excavation projects have produced vast quantities of material data that have reshaped our understanding of the fibulae, while also raising new questions about their use and production over the long term. We focused on a study of brooches in general and fibulas in particular. Along the way we looked at the intersection between material culture and ethnicity, dealing with the contentious issue of how much that a people’s material culture can tell us about their ethnicity – or not! In this online conference we only focused on Greek, Roman and Byzantine fibulae from the Mediterranean and Black Sea area between c. early sixth century B.C. and early seventh century A.D., and attempted to set out a comprehensive model for the study of fibulae, including their definition, typology, chronology, contexts, function, regional characteristics and distribution patterns in the whole Mediterranean and Black Sea geographies.
This conference on ancient material culture and instrumenta is dedicated to the 75th birthday of Dr Maurizio Buora, the former director of the Civici Musei Castello di Udine in Italy and an international authority on fibulae.
Such papers that engage the following themes and topics are invited:
- Fibulae from archaeological field projects (especially well-dated finds), museums and private collections,
- Identification of different kinds of fibulas,
- Ancient Greek and Latin textual sources on fibulae,
- Evolution of fibulae in the Mediterranean and Black Sea area during the Etruscan, Lydian, Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods,
- The construction of fibula taxonomies,
- Similar instrumenta in the ancient Near East and their relations to ancient Graeco-Roman fibulae, - The nature of different types of surviving material culture,
- What ancient Greeks and Romans thought about afterlife? Fibulae in funerary and votive contexts,
- Comparative studies and issues related to the adoption of Greek and/or Roman fibula models in indigenous contexts: fibulae as major indicators of the relationship between these two communities (indigenous and Greek or Roman),
- Fibula as an indicator of rank and prestige in the ancient world,
- Domestic and commercial use of fibulae,
- Early Christian fibulae,
- Byzantine fibulae,
- Post-Byzantine or modern replicas of Classical fibulae,
- Eastern fibulae in the ancient western world,
- Major production centres of fibulae in the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea area,
- Related instrumenta to fibulae in the regards of their function,
- Documentation and analysis of fibulae,
- The creation of a fully annotated and organized corpus,
- Publication of fibulae in the Mediterranean in possible corpara,
- Miscellanea.
I confronti effettuati col mondo transalpino, sia per i materiali delle collezioni sia per i nuovi rinvenimenti, hanno confermato un’attribuzione alla fase iniziale del Bronzo Medio, con alcuni elementi che rimandano all’ultimo momento dell’antica età del Bronzo, quando sembra svilupparsi in area nord-occidentale un network culturale con circuiti diversi da quello poladiano-gardesano, orientato invece verso direttrici transalpine danubiane; questa modalità sembra essere ribadita con l’inizio del Bronzo Medio. L’area di collegamento tra le due realtà è da individuare probabilmente nei territori dell’Emilia nord occidentale,
come attesterebbe l’abitato di Chiaravalle della Colomba (PC), dove elementi palafitticoliterramaricoli si affiancano ad altri di matrice spiccatamente nord-occidentale.