J.J. McMurtry is a researcher interested in alternative economic, social and political theory and organizations. His recent work focuses on alternative energy, community ownership, social enterprise and the social economy. He is an Associate Professor in Business and Society at York University.
This chapter compares an example of Australian mixed-market activity and an overview of Canadian ... more This chapter compares an example of Australian mixed-market activity and an overview of Canadian social enterprise in remote Indigenous settlements in each country. In both cases the socio-economic activity that occurs in sparsely populated and isolated settlements is underpinned by the ideological and cultural values of those societies. However, whole of population data sets do not identify the value of the small numbers of economic contributors. That issue is important because the impact of successful fit-for-purpose social or mixed-market enterprises for residents of sparsely populated areas is essential to the viability of the settlements but remains under-represented to public policy decision makers. The authors highlight this as a paradox, where the targets of policies are intended to impact at the personal level while the understanding of socio-economic data is gathered at the population level in both countries.
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research (ANSERJ), Jun 29, 2015
This article seeks to understand Indigenous social enterprise in
a “current state snapshot” and ... more This article seeks to understand Indigenous social enterprise in
a “current state snapshot” and in a complex historical context. Specifically, the authors begin by placing into theoretical context social enterprises serving Indigenous communities. The framework for Indigenous social enterprise is related to theories of Indigenous entrepreneurship and “quadruple bottom line” organizations. The authors explain the role of culture as an under-researched element and as a critical component of Indigenous social enterprise. The article also highlights gender leadership of social enterprise in Indigenous communities. Finally, the article provides three case studies that exemplify Indigenous social enterprise in Canada.
Settlements at the Edge examines the evolution, characteristics, functions and shifting economic ... more Settlements at the Edge examines the evolution, characteristics, functions and shifting economic basis of settlements in sparsely populated areas of developed nations. With a focus on demographic change, the book features theoretical and applied cases which explore the interface between demography, economy, well-being and the environment. This book offers a comprehensive and insightful knowledge base for understanding the role of population in shaping the development and histories of northern sparsely populated areas of developed nations including Alaska (USA), Australia, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Finland and other nations with territories within the Arctic Circle.
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research (ANSERJ), Jun 29, 2015
The objective of this article is to examine social enterprises in Ontario, Canada, as part of the... more The objective of this article is to examine social enterprises in Ontario, Canada, as part of the “Social Enterprises Models in Canada” research of the International Comparative Social Enterprise Models (ICSEM) Project. The report presents an analysis of the historical, contextual, and conceptual understanding of social enterprises in Ontario. Five cases studies illustrate social enterprise models, and the article then presents the main institutions in Ontario related to social enterprises, describing legal framework, public policies, university institutions, networks, spaces, and funding agencies and programs.
This working paper is the Canadian component of the “International Comparative SocialnEnterprise ... more This working paper is the Canadian component of the “International Comparative SocialnEnterprise Models” (ICSEM) project. The objective of this report is to examine social enterprises at the national level focusing on the context, models and institutions of social enterprises in Canada. The analysis shows regional difference in the historical development and conceptual understanding of social enterprises in Canada. The report finds that five main types of social enterprises emerge, which cut across the cultural and policy regimes in Canada: co-operatives, non-profit organizations, community development/interest organizations, First Nations businesses, and business with a social mission. Provincial government legislation and major enabling institutions (e.g. university institutions, social networks and movements, entrepreneurial spaces, and funding agencies) have a major influence on how we can understand the context and emergence of social enterprise models.
This chapter compares an example of Australian mixed-market activity and an overview of Canadian ... more This chapter compares an example of Australian mixed-market activity and an overview of Canadian social enterprise in remote Indigenous settlements in each country. In both cases the socio-economic activity that occurs in sparsely populated and isolated settlements is underpinned by the ideological and cultural values of those societies. However, whole of population data sets do not identify the value of the small numbers of economic contributors. That issue is important because the impact of successful fit-for-purpose social or mixed-market enterprises for residents of sparsely populated areas is essential to the viability of the settlements but remains under-represented to public policy decision makers. The authors highlight this as a paradox, where the targets of policies are intended to impact at the personal level while the understanding of socio-economic data is gathered at the population level in both countries.
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research (ANSERJ), Jun 29, 2015
This article seeks to understand Indigenous social enterprise in
a “current state snapshot” and ... more This article seeks to understand Indigenous social enterprise in
a “current state snapshot” and in a complex historical context. Specifically, the authors begin by placing into theoretical context social enterprises serving Indigenous communities. The framework for Indigenous social enterprise is related to theories of Indigenous entrepreneurship and “quadruple bottom line” organizations. The authors explain the role of culture as an under-researched element and as a critical component of Indigenous social enterprise. The article also highlights gender leadership of social enterprise in Indigenous communities. Finally, the article provides three case studies that exemplify Indigenous social enterprise in Canada.
Settlements at the Edge examines the evolution, characteristics, functions and shifting economic ... more Settlements at the Edge examines the evolution, characteristics, functions and shifting economic basis of settlements in sparsely populated areas of developed nations. With a focus on demographic change, the book features theoretical and applied cases which explore the interface between demography, economy, well-being and the environment. This book offers a comprehensive and insightful knowledge base for understanding the role of population in shaping the development and histories of northern sparsely populated areas of developed nations including Alaska (USA), Australia, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Finland and other nations with territories within the Arctic Circle.
Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research (ANSERJ), Jun 29, 2015
The objective of this article is to examine social enterprises in Ontario, Canada, as part of the... more The objective of this article is to examine social enterprises in Ontario, Canada, as part of the “Social Enterprises Models in Canada” research of the International Comparative Social Enterprise Models (ICSEM) Project. The report presents an analysis of the historical, contextual, and conceptual understanding of social enterprises in Ontario. Five cases studies illustrate social enterprise models, and the article then presents the main institutions in Ontario related to social enterprises, describing legal framework, public policies, university institutions, networks, spaces, and funding agencies and programs.
This working paper is the Canadian component of the “International Comparative SocialnEnterprise ... more This working paper is the Canadian component of the “International Comparative SocialnEnterprise Models” (ICSEM) project. The objective of this report is to examine social enterprises at the national level focusing on the context, models and institutions of social enterprises in Canada. The analysis shows regional difference in the historical development and conceptual understanding of social enterprises in Canada. The report finds that five main types of social enterprises emerge, which cut across the cultural and policy regimes in Canada: co-operatives, non-profit organizations, community development/interest organizations, First Nations businesses, and business with a social mission. Provincial government legislation and major enabling institutions (e.g. university institutions, social networks and movements, entrepreneurial spaces, and funding agencies) have a major influence on how we can understand the context and emergence of social enterprise models.
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Books by J.J. McMurtry
Writings and Projects by J.J. McMurtry
a “current state snapshot” and in a complex historical context. Specifically, the authors begin by placing into theoretical context social enterprises serving Indigenous communities. The framework for Indigenous social enterprise is related to theories of Indigenous entrepreneurship and “quadruple bottom line” organizations. The authors explain the role of culture as an under-researched element and as a critical component of Indigenous social enterprise. The article also highlights gender leadership of social enterprise in Indigenous communities. Finally, the article provides three case studies that exemplify Indigenous social enterprise in Canada.
Papers by J.J. McMurtry
a “current state snapshot” and in a complex historical context. Specifically, the authors begin by placing into theoretical context social enterprises serving Indigenous communities. The framework for Indigenous social enterprise is related to theories of Indigenous entrepreneurship and “quadruple bottom line” organizations. The authors explain the role of culture as an under-researched element and as a critical component of Indigenous social enterprise. The article also highlights gender leadership of social enterprise in Indigenous communities. Finally, the article provides three case studies that exemplify Indigenous social enterprise in Canada.