Upper Cretaceous cliff forming limestones exposed at north of Bajestan (NW Khorassan Razavi pronince). These rocks are composed of skeletal calcarenite to calcirudite with calcareous shale interbeds. Two stratigraphic sections were... more
Upper Cretaceous cliff forming limestones exposed at north of Bajestan (NW Khorassan Razavi pronince). These rocks are composed of skeletal calcarenite to calcirudite with calcareous shale interbeds. Two stratigraphic sections were measured and 160 samples ...
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Research Interests: Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Petrography, Facies, and 3 moreSiltstone, Arenite, and Sedimentary Rock
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The carbonate‐dominated successions of the Tirgan Formation (Latest Barremian‐Early Aptian) in the Kopet‐Dagh Basin (Iran) were studied to decipher the tectonic and eustatic sea‐level effects, as well as the autogenic influence on lateral... more
The carbonate‐dominated successions of the Tirgan Formation (Latest Barremian‐Early Aptian) in the Kopet‐Dagh Basin (Iran) were studied to decipher the tectonic and eustatic sea‐level effects, as well as the autogenic influence on lateral and vertical facies changes, depositional environment, and sequence stratigraphy of the tide‐wave‐dominated sediments at the northern margin of the Neo‐Tethys Ocean. Fourteen facies were identified in the studied sequences, here grouped into five facies associations according to the depositional setting: tidal flat (A), lagoon (B), shoal (C), shallow open‐marine (D), and deep‐open marine (E). A third‐order depositional sequence, including a transgressive system tract (TST) and a highstand system tract (HST) was also identified, along with several medium‐ and small‐scale, thickening‐ and shallowing‐upward cycles (parasequences). The development of the depositional sequence and parasequences of the studied successions of the Tirgan Formation were controlled by interactions between allogenic (tectonic and eustasy) and autogenic factors (wave and tidal hydrodynamic regimes). The allogenic factors mainly affected the stacking pattern and parasequence development of the TST deposits in the lower part of the Tirgan Formation, characterized mainly by the deep‐open marine association. Autogenic factors display a main influence on the stacking pattern and formation of the HST deposits and related parasequences, characterized by shallow open‐marine‐lagoon–shoal associations developed in the upper part of the Tirgan Formation. The tectono‐sedimentary model for the evolution of the tide‐wave‐dominated carbonate platform represented by the Tirgan Formation may be useful for further studies on sedimentary basin evolution or palaeogeographic reconstructions of the Neo‐Tethys margin.
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The Oligo- Miocene Asmari Formation is one of the most important reservoir units of the Marun Oilfield in Dezful Embayment SW Iran, deposited in Zagros foreland basin. The goal of this study is to interpret depositional environment and... more
The Oligo- Miocene Asmari Formation is one of the most important reservoir units of the Marun Oilfield in Dezful Embayment SW Iran, deposited in Zagros foreland basin. The goal of this study is to interpret depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of lower zones of the Asmari Formation in Well No.281, 342 and 312in Marun Oilfield based on changes in the shape of γ- Ray, isolith maps and microfacies properties. Accordingly, identification of 9 carbonate microfacies and 2 siliciclastic petrofacies were identified that are deposited in four depositional environment including open marine, barrier, lagoon and tidal flat in a homoclinal ramp (consisting of outer, middle and inner ramp). Also, based on the shape of γ- Ray log, There sediment were deposited in marine environment. In open marine and barrier environments, The shape of γ- Ray log is serrated bell-shaped, serrated funnel-shaped, left bow-shaped, serrated shape and right boxcar shape, Whole in the beach environment it is cylinder and funnel shape and in lagoon and tidal flat environment can be seen on right bow to cylinder-shaped. Based on the isolith maps, sandstone of lower zones of the Asmari Formation in Marun Oilfield expanded by deltaic system along the southwestern margin of the basin and influenced by changes in sea level constantly. Sequence stratigraphic analysis led to identification of three third- order (DS1, DS2 and DS3) depositional sequences.
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Research Interests: Geology, Geochemistry, Provenance, Clay Minerals, Weathering, and 5 moreOil Shale, Carboniferous, Permian, Kaolinite, and Illite
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Abstract Lithostratigraphically, Sibzar Formation (Middle Devonian) in the Kharv section (Binalood Mountains, NE Iran) with a thickness of 334 m consists of three units (in ascending order): dolostone with intercalations sandstone, middle... more
Abstract Lithostratigraphically, Sibzar Formation (Middle Devonian) in the Kharv section (Binalood Mountains, NE Iran) with a thickness of 334 m consists of three units (in ascending order): dolostone with intercalations sandstone, middle basaltic sill, and upper dolostone. Three types of dolomite have been identified based on crystal size and shape. Fine crystalline dolomite (D1; finer than 30 μm) consist of Nonplanar-a dolomites. Fine to medium crystalline dolomite (D2; 20 to 150 μm) consist of mostly Nonplanar-a dolomites and some dolomites are Planar-s and Planar-e. Vein dolomites (Vd; 40 to 700 μm) have a very diverse crystalline texture and are mostly Planar-s, Planar-e and some Nonplanar-a. Cathodoluminescence technique studies also showed that most of these dolomites have dull red luminescence, in some veins with bright red luminescence and zoning. Based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ICP-OES, all dolomites are nearly stoichiometric dolomite and relatively well ordered. Elemental analysis and stable isotope studies show that the concentration of minor elements such as sodium (D1: 822–1365 ppm; D2: 1016–1241 ppm; Vd: 971–1072 ppm), strontium (D1: 257–963 ppm; D2: 134–1334 ppm; Vd: 144–379 ppm), manganese (D1: 560–3675 ppm; D2: 1039–2168 ppm; Vd: 1818–3454 ppm), and iron (D1: 15997-30080 ppm; D2: 8288–18456 ppm; Vd: 19304-25618 ppm) in these dolomites were high and the values of the stable isotope of oxygen (D1: -9.1 to −5.9‰; D2: -7.6 to −6.1‰; Vd: -11.1 to −7.2‰) and carbon (D1: -3.5 to −2.5‰; D2: -5.2 to −1.3‰; Vd: -2 to −1.6‰) were low. The high values of iron and manganese and depletion of the carbon and oxygen isotopes can be related to the effects of high-temperature diagenetic fluids caused by basaltic sill during the burial. These dolomites formed in tidal environment and burial diagenesis in this Formation. Seawater, connate seawaters, saline basinal fluid, and magnesium-rich hypersaline fluids are the main source of magnesium ion (Mg2+) for dolomites of this Formation.
Research Interests: Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Mineralogy, Devonian, and 4 moreStrontium, Dolomite, Petrography, and Dolomitization
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Research Interests: Geology, Weathering, Carbonate, Durability, Carbonate Rock, and 3 moreLime, Point load, and Carbonate Content
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This paper presents a survey of geological attributes on the lateritic‐bauxitic deposits to examine their provenance, palaeogeography, and palaeoclimate condition in the Permian–Triassic boundary of Alborz Mountain, north Iran. The... more
This paper presents a survey of geological attributes on the lateritic‐bauxitic deposits to examine their provenance, palaeogeography, and palaeoclimate condition in the Permian–Triassic boundary of Alborz Mountain, north Iran. The mineralogical analysis revealed that haematite, quartz, goethite, kaolinite, diaspore, boehmite, and anatase are the major rock‐forming minerals in these deposits. The major oxide composition of samples detected that enrichment of Al2O3 (up to 31.5%) and Fe2O3 (up to 37.9%) led to the formation of laterite, kaolinitic laterite, and bauxitic kaolinite. The distribution of trace and rare elements provides information about the enrichment of deposits concerning immobile elements. Employing geochemical proxies such as Al2O3/TiO2, bivariate diagrams of Eu/Eu* versus Sm/Nd and TiO2/Al2O3, enrichment of samples relative to heavy rare earth elements, and positive Eu anomaly revealed that the deposits originated from intermediate to mafic rocks. Several factors are inferred to be responsible for the transformation of parent rock(s) into lateritic‐bauxitic deposits: The high values of CIA, CIW, and PIA (mostly above 80) and increase of kaolinite point to deep to moderate parent rock(s) weathering, which is consistent with warming and humidity around the Permian–Triassic boundary. In continuation, transportation and trapping of weathered materials above the karstified carbonate bedrock of the Ruteh Formation and environmental interactions induced the formation of new minerals in a transitional environment near the vadose zone. The deposits have a generic correspondence with Palaeotethys Oceanic crustal subduction due to tectonic uplift, exhumation of bedrock, and regional sea‐level fall at the end of Palaeozoic that offered an opportunity for lateritization process.
Research Interests: Palaeogeography, Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Provenance, and 3 morePermian, Horizon, and Geological
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This study integrates ichnological and sedimentological data to interpret depositional environments of the carbonate sediments of the Tirgan Formation (Lower Cretaceous) in the eastern Kopet-Dagh Basin, north-east Iran. Lithofacies... more
This study integrates ichnological and sedimentological data to interpret depositional environments of the carbonate sediments of the Tirgan Formation (Lower Cretaceous) in the eastern Kopet-Dagh Basin, north-east Iran. Lithofacies analysis shows that these sediments were deposited in inner ramp, middle ramp and offshore (outer ramp) environments. Five ichnoassemblages are identified in the sediments that consist of Thalassinoides , Thalassinoides – Rhizocorallium , Planolites – Rhizocorallium , Arenicolites – Diplocraterion , and Arenicolites . Th , Th - Rh and Pl - Rh with low diversity and abundance of the trace fossils formed during waning phase of storms in a predominantly medium to high-energy hydrodynamic regime. High sedimentation rate and mobile substrate condition featuring a shallow-marine setting. Ar – Di ichnoassemblage, consisting of horizontal and vertical traces of deposit and suspension feeders, respectively, portray two different phases. A predominantly high energy phase with instable substrate is displayed by the vertical traces, while a minor omission phase, associated with a decrease in sedimentation rate or non-deposition, is indicated by the horizontal structures. Arenicolites ichnoassemblage with low bioturbation index and low ichnodiversity is related to a semi-sheltered area of lagoon environments with periodically marine water circulation. The study of the ichnological attributes in the studied successions indicates the presence of a shallowing up-ward trend in the storm‒tide-dominated ramp sequence. Ichnoassemblage development is largely controlled by depositional and ecological conditions, e.g., the stability of substrate, hydrodynamic regime (wave and tide), and food abundance, which altogether control the substrate colonization. Based on an integrated ichnological and sedimentological approach, we characterize the depositional environment, deciphering allogenic and autogenic environmental controls on the trace fossil distribution on a passive margin depositional setting.
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The Band-e-Golestan drainage basin with a surface area of about 320 km2 is located southwest of Mashhad. This catchment area consists of three subbasins: Mayan, Dehbar and Jaghargh. Rivers in this basin flow toward the northeast and are... more
The Band-e-Golestan drainage basin with a surface area of about 320 km2 is located southwest of Mashhad. This catchment area consists of three subbasins: Mayan, Dehbar and Jaghargh. Rivers in this basin flow toward the northeast and are connecting to ...
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Research Interests: Palaeogeography, Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Provenance, and 3 morePermian, Horizon, and Geological
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The Sibzar Formation (Middle Devonian) is located about 30 km east of Neyshabur and is composed of lower dolostone with intercalations of sandstone, middle basaltic sill and upper dolostone to limy dolostone, with a thickness of 334 m.... more
The Sibzar Formation (Middle Devonian) is located about 30 km east of Neyshabur and is composed of lower dolostone with intercalations of sandstone, middle basaltic sill and upper dolostone to limy dolostone, with a thickness of 334 m. Based on the crystal size in this formation, three different types of dolomite (D1, D2, Vd) were identified and according to the textural classification of the dolomite, most of the dolomite are nonplanar-a (xenotopic mosaic), planar-s (hypidiotopic mosaic) and planar-e (idiotopic mosaic), respectively. The dolomite of Sibzar Formation have an average of 21.36% Ca, 10.9% Mg, in terms of the concentration of the major elements. The high concentrations of Fe (average 1835.48 ppm) and Mn (average 1824.62 ppm) indicate the reduction conditions during deep burial. The concentration of Na (average 1108 67/1 ppm) indicates the entry of hypersaline fluids into the environment. The average concentration of strontium is 455.41 ppm. The source of magnesium ions ...
Marusk Catchment with an area of 131.87 square kilometers is located in the Northwest of Neyshabur. Baghi River as one of the main tributary of this catchment has been studied with a length of about20.1km.For sedimentological studies a... more
Marusk Catchment with an area of 131.87 square kilometers is located in the Northwest of Neyshabur. Baghi River as one of the main tributary of this catchment has been studied with a length of about20.1km.For sedimentological studies a total of 32 sediment samples taken from the active mid-channel of the river that after drying, the granulometry has been analyzed by dry sieving method. After the sample sieving, statistical parameters (median, mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis) were calculated.3 sedimentary discontinuities have been detected in the sediments of the river. First and second discontinuity is due to input of sediments from the alluvial fan and tributary into the main channel, respectively, and third discontinuity is due to changes in lithology. To determine the percentage of erosion in the formations in this region and determine the amount of sediment yield in each of formations, Abrasion Los Angeles Test is done. Based on this method, Dalichai Formation with accordin...
The Oligo- Miocene Asmari Formation is one of the most important reservoir units of the Marun Oilfield in Dezful Embayment SW Iran, deposited in Zagros foreland basin. The goal of this study is to interpret depositional environment and... more
The Oligo- Miocene Asmari Formation is one of the most important reservoir units of the Marun Oilfield in Dezful Embayment SW Iran, deposited in Zagros foreland basin. The goal of this study is to interpret depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of lower zones of the Asmari Formation in Well No.281, 342 and 312in Marun Oilfield based on changes in the shape of γ- Ray, isolith maps and microfacies properties. Accordingly, identification of 9 carbonate microfacies and 2 siliciclastic petrofacies were identified that are deposited in four depositional environment including open marine, barrier, lagoon and tidal flat in a homoclinal ramp (consisting of outer, middle and inner ramp). Also, based on the shape of γ- Ray log, There sediment were deposited in marine environment. In open marine and barrier environments, The shape of γ- Ray log is serrated bell-shaped, serrated funnel-shaped, left bow-shaped, serrated shape and right boxcar shape, Whole in the beach environment it ...
Qadir Member of Nayband Formation, located in East of Central Iran, has developed to a great extent. Investigation of the lithofacies and sedimentary environment, resulted in identification of the deltaic and marine deposits. Based on... more
Qadir Member of Nayband Formation, located in East of Central Iran, has developed to a great extent. Investigation of the lithofacies and sedimentary environment, resulted in identification of the deltaic and marine deposits. Based on field evidence and facies features, Qadir Member consists of two lithofacies, including carbonate and siliciclastic facies. The siliciclastic facies were identified as having four sandstone facies including Sr, Sh, Sp, St, three fine-grained lithofacies, including FI, Fm, Fl (Sr) / Sr (FI) and one coal facies. Also, regarding the field, laboratory studies, and identification of lithofacies, the coastal plain, deltaic (including deltaic plain, proximal delta front, distal delta front, and prodelta) and open marine environments were identified for Qadir Member which is is under the impact of tidal currents. The chemical weathering index (71%) indicated semi-arid to semi-humid conditions and plotting the geochemical data showed the provenance of re-cyclin...
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The Shotori Range of east-central Iran (east of Tabas) has yielded Famennian ammonoid assemblages dominated by the family Sporadoceratidae. Four genera Maeneceras Hyatt, 1884, Iranoceras Walliser, 1966, Sporadoceras Hyatt, 1884 and... more
The Shotori Range of east-central Iran (east of Tabas) has yielded Famennian ammonoid assemblages dominated by the family Sporadoceratidae. Four genera Maeneceras Hyatt, 1884, Iranoceras Walliser, 1966, Sporadoceras Hyatt, 1884 and Erfoudites Korn, 1999 are represented. The conodont assemblage of one sample containing Iranoceras revealed an Upper marginifera Zone age. The ammonoid assemblages are characterised by comparatively large specimens; they reach conch diameters of 300 mm (including the body chamber) and the mean size is larger than 100 mm. The preservation of the material from the Shotori Range and size comparison with sporadoceratid assemblages from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco and the Rhenish Mountains of Germany suggest that hydraulic sorting has resulted in a bias towards large conchs, explaining the size distribution, rather than latitudinal differences. The new species Maeneceras tabasense is described; the genus Iranoceras is revised with a new description of the two s...
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The (Early Carboniferous) Shishtu 2 Formation at the study area is composed of a shallowing upward sequence. Skeletal packstones consist of crinoids, brachiopods, bryozoans, trilobites, corals and rare foraminiferas. The carbonates of... more
The (Early Carboniferous) Shishtu 2 Formation at the study area is composed of a shallowing upward sequence. Skeletal packstones consist of crinoids, brachiopods, bryozoans, trilobites, corals and rare foraminiferas. The carbonates of this formation have undergone a complex diagenetic history and the most diagenetic events are silicification and pyritization. The complexity of silicification in these limestones is further demonstrated due to selectivity of silicification of different faunas. Based on morphology, four fabric types are distinguished in silica including microcrystalline quartz, spherulitic chalcedony and slightly megaquartz and euhedral quartz. The observed correlation between skeletal fragments and quartz replacement types (QRT) shows that skeleton microstructure may control QRT. The silicification of the skeletal grains in this study occurred along thin solution films where skeletal calcite dissolved and silica precipitated. The brachiopods, corals and crinoids are t...
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In order to understand the impact of salt plug on facies, depositional environment and diagenesis of the Sarvak Formation in the Kourdeh Anticline, three sections close to the salt plug measured and studied. The thickness of Sarvak... more
In order to understand the impact of salt plug on facies, depositional environment and diagenesis of the Sarvak Formation in the Kourdeh Anticline, three sections close to the salt plug measured and studied. The thickness of Sarvak Formation in three sections are 25 (close the salt plug), 90 and 185m (away from the salt plug) and is composed of limestone. Based on facies analysis and petrography, 11 microfacies identified. Microfacies analysis, high dip of sediments, differences in thickness, reducing of interbedded shale and shallowing environment toward the salt plug show that the Sarvak Formation deposited in three facies belts including outer, middle and inter shelf. Approaching to the salt plug, facies are shallower so that tidal flat facies have been in the margin of salt plug and deeper facies formed away from the salt plug. Digenetic processes affected this formation include micritization, neomorphism, dissolution, compaction, fracture, replacement (silicification, dolomitiz...