Facies

The Upper Ordovician (late Whiterockian to Mohawkian) Lourdes Formation represents a narrow (tens of kilometers), short-lived [∼5–7 million years (my)], open-ocean (high-energy) mixed siliciclastic-carbonate ramp that onlapped allochthonous strata along the orogen side of the local Taconic foreland basin. Platform development followed a 6–8 my hiatus during which weathering had concentrated chemically mature siliciclastics that were admixed with initial carbonate sediments. A cross-platform facies gradient contains paleokarst and peritidal carbonates and sandstones, shallow-ramp carbonate bioherms and skeletal shoals, and deeper ramp calcareous shales. Transgressive systems tracts are marked by ramp-wide sheets and shoals of skeletal grainstone and low accumulation rates, and highstand systems tracts are marked by significant admixture and interbedding of siliciclastics with cross-ramp carbonate facies. Platform demise coincides with increased siliciclastic input, which is likely tectonically influenced. The Lourdes platform is equivalent to epicontinental foreland ramps along eastern Laurentia, but its narrower width precluded formation of oceanographically restricted platform-interior facies.

Face recognition is one of the most important image processing research topics which is widely used in personal identification, verification and security applications. In this paper, a face recognition system, based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and the feedforward neural network is developed. The system consists of two phases which are the PCA preprocessing phase, and the neural network classification phase. PCA is applied to calculate the feature projection vector of a given face which is then used for face ...

Prompt and accurate diagnosis of skeletal dysplasias can play a crucial role in ensuring appropriate counseling and management (both antenatal and postnatal). When a skeletal dysplasia is detected during the antenatal period, especially early in the pregnancy, it can be associated with a poor prognosis. It is important to make a diagnosis in antenatal presentation of skeletal dysplasias to inform diagnosis, predict prognosis, provide accurate recurrence risks, and options for prenatal genetic testing in future pregnancies. Prenatal ultrasound scanning is a useful tool to detect several skeletal dysplasias and sonographic measurements serve as reliable indicators of lethality. The lethality depends on various factors including gestational age at which features are identified, size of the chest and progression of malformations. Although, it is important to type the skeletal presentation as accurately as possible, this is not always possible in an antenatal presentation and it is impor...

The primary cilium is a key organelle in numerous physiological and developmental processes. Genetic defects in the formation of this non-motile structure, in its maintenance and function, underlie a wide array of ciliopathies in human, including craniofacial, brain and heart malformations, and retinal and hearing defects. We used exome sequencing to study the molecular basis of disease in an 11-year-old female patient who suffered from growth retardation, global developmental delay with absent speech acquisition, agenesis of corpus callosum and paucity of white matter, sensorineural deafness, retinitis pigmentosa, vertebral anomalies, patent ductus arteriosus, and facial dysmorphism reminiscent of STAR syndrome, a suspected ciliopathy. A homozygous variant, c.870_871del, was identified in the CDK10 gene, predicted to cause a frameshift, p.Trp291Alafs*18, in the cyclin-dependent kinase 10 protein. CDK10 mRNAs were detected in patient cells and do not seem to undergo non-sense mediat...

SARI Berdasarkan bentuk bentang alam dan asosiasi batuan penyusun, suatu kerucut gunung api komposit dapat dibagi menjadi fasies sentral, fasies proksimal, fasies medial, dan fasies distal. Secara bentang alam, pembagian tersebut dimulai dari pusat erupsi di bagian puncak, menurun ke arah lereng, kaki, serta dataran di sekelilingnya. Fasies sentral gunung api dicirikan oleh asosiasi batuan beku intrusi dangkal, kubah lava, dan batuan ubahan hidrotermal. Fasies proksimal tersusun oleh perselingan aliran lava dan breksi piroklastika. Fasies medial terutama berupa breksi piroklastika, breksi lahar, dan konglomerat, sedangkan fasies distal lebih banyak disusun oleh batuan epiklastika berukuran butir pasir-lempung. Tuf dapat tersebar mulai dari fasies proksimal sampai distal karena berbutir halus dan ringan. Pembagian fasies gunung api di dalam batuan berumur Tersier atau lebih tua dilakukan dengan pendekatan inderaja-geomorfologi, stratigrafi batuan gunung api, vulkanologi fi sik, struktur geologi, serta petrologi-geokimia. Pembagian fasies gunung api ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam rangka pencarian sumber baru di bidang mineral dan energi, penataan lingkungan, serta mitigasi bencana geologi. Kata kunci: kerucut gunung api komposit, fasies gunung api ABSTRACT Based on the nature and rock association, a composite volcanic cone can be divided into central facies, proximal facies, medial facies and distal facies. Physiographically, those begin from central eruption at the summit, going down to upper slope, lower slope, and foot plain in the surrounding area. Central facies is characterized by the presence of subvolcanic intrusions, lava domes, and hydrothermally altered rocks. Proximal facies consists of alternating lava fl ows and pyroclastic breccias. Medial fasies mainly is composed of pyroclastic breccias, laharic breccias, and conglomerates. Whereas, distal facies is dominated by fi ne-grained epiclastic rocks having sand to clay size. Tuff can be widely distributed from proximal to distal facies due to its fi ne grain and lightness. Methodological approachs for classifi cation of volcanic facies in Tertiary and older rocks are remote sensing and geomorphology, volcanic stratigraphy, physical volcanology, structural geology, and petrology-geochemistry. This volcanic facies division is useful for supporting new discovery on energy and mineral resources, environmental geology, and geologic hazard mitigation.

Stratigraphic exposures, fluvial archives and borehole data have been allowed to reconstruct the alluvial history of Late Pleistocene to Late Holocene and climate changes in the monsoonal wet – dry region of lower Damodar Basin (West Bengal, India). The facies architectures and climate proxies suggest that five to six climate changes occurred in between ~ 14 ka and 6 ka. Supporting evidence from the floodplain of Damodar River demonstrates that the successive phases of aggradation and incision were linked to the south-west monsoonal variability of Late Quaternary period. The onset of semi-arid climate was associated with caliches, pond and backswamp deposits of wanning low energy floods. The relatively warm-humid climate was associated with sandy bedforms, valley fills, slack water deposits and ferruginous nodules. This paper presents a synthesis of the available palaeoclimatic records from the lower Ganga Basin and the rivers of western and central India for the palaeoenvironmental significance of Late Quaternary deposits and discusses the influence of palaeoclimatic controls on the fluvial architectures and archives that developed below the floodplain of Damodar River. We have taken some representative studies from the region to reveal the spatial variability in fluvial successions in response to climate changes during this period.

A partir de una conferencia del disenador grafico Ronald Shakespear y su vision de lo que es trabajar en diseno, se inicia este trabajo preguntando como achicar la brecha entre el Diseno y la Administracion; se presenta a la Economia Creativa como solucion a este dilema. En el desarrollo se explica que es este sector economico, sus caracteristicas y alcances. Luego, se define al emprendedor creativo y como el contexto tecnologico esta cambiando la cadena de valor y el financiamiento de este tipo de emprendimientos. Posteriormente, se analiza como la influencia del contexto humano y las sociedades creativas fortalecen el crecimiento del sector a partir del uso de las redes de vinculos y los espacios comunes, desde diversas miradas, y se propone el analisis de estos emprendimientos como organizaciones sociales. A modo de conclusion, se esbozan lineas de trabajo para que los profesionales de la Administracion puedan vincularse con este sector, en miras de su potencial desarrollo y peso...

Los flujos submarinos de densidad (FSD) o “flujos submarinos”, son los procesos que más volumen de sedimentos transportan en nuestro planeta y desarrollan abanicos submarinos.

Los abanicos submarinos incluyen sistemas canalizados capaces de alojar hidrocarburos en cantidades comerciales. Por esta razón, resulta conveniente realizar modelos que representen la heterogeneidad de
los yacimientos en sistemas clásticos profundos, mediante la asociación de facies y la determinación de sus áreas fuente.

El presente trabajo discute los avances en el entendimiento de los FSD depositados en aguas profundas, como parte de un sistema de transporte continuo desde el continente. Estos depósitos pueden ser turbiditas, debritas, complejos de transporte en masa (CTM) e hiperpicnitas, diferenciados por su geometría, continuidad,
conectividad y clases de facies. Por tal motivo, es importante usar análogos de afloramiento para comprender a sus equivalentes en el subsuelo, considerando que la variabilidad arquitectura final está gobernada por controles autocíclicos (e.g., área fuente, ambiente de depósito, eficiencia y entropía del sistema), y alocíclicos como cambios en el nivel del mar, dinámica salina y condiciones tectónicas y climáticas.

Finalmente, se describe una clasificación textural útil para distinguir clases de facies en ambientes de aguas profundas y modelos de abanico submarino dependientes del área fuente y eficiencia del sistema. Estos se caracterizan mediante la granulometría, que puede ser cuantificada en afloramientos, muestras de mano, láminas delgadas, núcleos, muestras de canal y mediante el análisis del registro de rayos gamma.

The Late Triassic-Early Jurassic change from
aragonite- to calcite-facilitating conditions in the oceans,
which was caused by a decrease of the Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio of
seawater in combination with an increase of the partial pressure
of carbon dioxide, also affected the shell mineralogy
of epifaunal bivalves. In the “calcite sea” of the Jurassic
and Cretaceous, the most diverse and abundant families
of epifaunal bivalves had largely calcitic shells. Some of
them, such as the Inoceramidae, acquired this shell mineralogy
earlier in Earth’s history but did not significantly
diversify until the onset of “calcite sea” conditions. Others,
however, replaced aragonite by calcite in their shell
at the beginning of the Jurassic, as shown for the Ostreidae,
Gryphaeidae, Pectinidae, Plicatulidae, and Buchiidae.
In these families, replacement of aragonite by calcite took
place in the middle and inner layer of the shell and was
not associated with changes in morphology and life habit.
It is therefore proposed that lower metabolic costs rather
than higher resistance against dissolution or advantageous
physical properties triggered the calcite expansion in their
shells. This explanation fits well the observation that clades
of thin-shelled bivalves were less affected by the change
of seawater chemistry. Thick-shelled clades, by contrast,
may suffer a severe decline in diversity until they adapt
their shell mineralogy, as demonstrated by the Hippuritoida:
The diversity of the Megalodontoidea, which failed
to adapt their shell mineralogy to “calcite sea” conditions,
dramatically decreased at the end of the Triassic, whereas their descendents became dominant carbonate producers
during the Late Mesozoic after they acquired a calcitic
outer shell layer in the Late Jurassic. These examples indicate
that changes in the seawater chemistry and in the
partial pressure of carbon dioxide are factors that influence
the diversity of carbonate-secreting animals, and, as in the
case of the decline of the Megalodontoidea, may contribute
to mass extinctions.