Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Skip to main content
<sec>BackgroundDecompensated cirrhosis patients are more prone to bacterial infections. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand in sepsis patients and disrupt immune cell functions. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor... more
<sec>BackgroundDecompensated cirrhosis patients are more prone to bacterial infections. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand in sepsis patients and disrupt immune cell functions. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) therapy helps in restoring immune cell functions and resolving infections. Its role in MDSC modulation in cirrhosis with sepsis is not well understood.</sec><sec>MethodsA total of 164 decompensated cirrhotic—62 without (w/o), 72 with sepsis, and 30 with sepsis treated with GM-CSF—and 15 healthy were studied. High-dimensional flow cytometry was performed to analyze MDSCs, monocytes, neutrophils, CD4 T cells, and Tregs at admission and on days 3 and day 7. Ex vivo co-cultured MDSCs with T cells were assessed for proliferation and apoptosis of T cells and differentiation to Tregs. Plasma factors and mRNA levels were analyzed by cytokine-bead assay and qRT-PCR.</sec><sec>ResultsFrequencies of MDSCs and Tregs were significantly increased (p = 0.011 and p = 0.02) with decreased CD4 T cells (p = 0.01) in sepsis than w/o sepsis and healthy controls (HCs) (p = 0.000, p = 0.07, and p = 0.01) at day 0 and day 7. In sepsis patients, MDSCs had increased IL-10, Arg1, and iNOS mRNA levels (p = 0.016, p = 0.043, and p = 0.045). Ex vivo co-cultured MDSCs with T cells drove T-cell apoptosis (p = 0.03, p = 0.03) with decreased T-cell proliferation and enhanced FOXP3<sup>+</sup> expression (p = 0.044 and p = 0.043) in sepsis compared to w/o sepsis at day 0. Moreover, blocking the MDSCs with inhibitors suppressed FOXP3 expression. GM-CSF treatment in sepsis patients significantly decreased MDSCs and FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs but increased CD4 T-cell functionality and improved survival.</sec><sec>ConclusionMDSCs have an immunosuppressive function by expanding FOXP3<sup>+</sup> Tregs and inhibiting CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell proliferation in sepsis. GM-CSF treatment suppressed MDSCs, improved T-cell functionality, and reduced Tregs in circulation.</sec>
Foeniculum vulgareis a perennial, aromatic plant belonging to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. The fruits, commonly referred to as seeds, are ridged, aromatic and oblong or ellipsoid shaped. Originally indigenous to the Mediterranean... more
Foeniculum vulgareis a perennial, aromatic plant belonging to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. The fruits, commonly referred to as seeds, are ridged, aromatic and oblong or ellipsoid shaped. Originally indigenous to the Mediterranean region, it has now been naturalized and cultivated throughout the world and is universally known as fennel and by more than 100 other names. It was well-known to the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and Chinese. Hippocrates and Dioscorides described it as a diuretic and Emmenagogue and to strengthen eyesight. The fruits are reputed as carminative, stomachic, diuretic, Emmenagogue and Galactagogue and to promote menstruation and facilitate birth. Fennel fruits contain carbohydrates, alkaloids, Phytosterols, phenols, tannins and flvonoids. They are also a rich source of dietary, protein, calcium, iron, magnesium and manganese. Pharmacologically, the fruits possess antioxidant, anti-inflmmatory, Gastro protective, estrogenic, Hepatoprotective and antithrom...
The interest in energy protection and global warming influences battle for electricity effective and environmentally sustainable Natural gas purifying isolation techniques olefin / paraffin obtain and distribution of CO2. PDMC polymer... more
The interest in energy protection and global warming influences battle for electricity effective and environmentally sustainable Natural gas purifying isolation techniques olefin / paraffin obtain and distribution of CO2. PDMC polymer ability for efficiently separating CH4 from CO2 and plasticisation resistance of polymer within high CO2 pressure were examined. Linked PDMC films also reported considerably greater penetration in carbon dioxide and much better selectivity than unconnected PDMC layers for CO2 / CH4 separation. Cross-related temperature has changed saturation characteristics of layers greatly. PDMC permeation findings are objected to previous studies utilizing numerous cross-connection operators to resist polymerization of carbon-dioxide and demonstrate marvelous harmony within cross-degree and switch for mostly industrial, transport characteristics.  Interlinked film layers not only overpower the unlinked films, but often send nonsensical unrivaled resistance to powerf...
Background: Chronicity or seroclearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens is determined by the host immune responses. Current approaches to treat HBV patients are based on inhibition of replication using different antivirals (nucleoside... more
Background: Chronicity or seroclearance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens is determined by the host immune responses. Current approaches to treat HBV patients are based on inhibition of replication using different antivirals (nucleoside or nucleotide analogs) as monotherapy, or along with immune modulators as combination therapy is being used worldwide for reducing the viral load. Understanding the role of immune cellular therapies with currently available treatments for persistent viral-mediated responses in HBV patients is unexplored. However, the generation of antibodies against a surface (HBs) and envelop (HBe) antigen of hepatitis B remains an issue for future studies and needs to be explored. Summary: Humoral immunity, specifically T follicular helper (TFh) cells, may serve as a target for therapy for HBsAg seroconversion. In this review, we have been engrossed in the importance and role of the humoral immune responses in CHBV infection and vertical transmission. Key Message...
BackgroundThe role of convalescent plasma (COPLA) for the treatment of severely ill Corona Virus Disease-2019 is under investigation. We compared the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in severe... more
BackgroundThe role of convalescent plasma (COPLA) for the treatment of severely ill Corona Virus Disease-2019 is under investigation. We compared the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in severe COVID-19 patients.Methods and findingsThis was an open-label, single-centre phase II RCT on 29 patients with severe COVID-19 from India. One group received COPLA with standard medical care (SMC) (n=14), and another group received FFP with SMC (n=15). A total of 29 patients were randomized in the two treatment groups. Eleven out of 14 (78.5%) patients remained free of ventilation at day seven in the intervention arm while the proportion was 14 out of 15 (93.3 %) in the control arm (p= 0.258). The median reductions in RR per min at 48-hours in COPLA-group and FFP group were -6.5 and -3 respectively [p=0.004] and at day seven were -14.5 and -10 respectively (p=0.008). The median improvements in percentage O2 saturation at 48-hours were 6.5 and 2 respective...
ABSTRACTIntense monocyte activation and infiltration into the target tissues is the main mechanism of lung injury in SARS CoV2 infection. A reduction in the degree and nature of such cellular responses is expected following recovery. We... more
ABSTRACTIntense monocyte activation and infiltration into the target tissues is the main mechanism of lung injury in SARS CoV2 infection. A reduction in the degree and nature of such cellular responses is expected following recovery. We aimed to investigate the immune responses in severe Covid-19 patients and recovered patients.MethodsSevere COVID-19 patients (n=34) at Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi and COVID-19 recovered patients (n=15) from mild disease and considered for convalescent plasma (COPLA) donation at Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi were recruited. We performed a multiplex cytokine bead assay in plasma and detailed multicolour flow cytometric analysis in peripheral blood of both groups and outcomes were compared in both groups and with healthy controls (n=10).ResultsA significant increase in inflammatory markers [MIP1-a, MIP3a, MCP1, MIF, MMP12, ITAC, VEGF-A, and leptin] was observed in severe patients. Non-survivors additionally showed increased...
Hepatitis B virus persists in all patients with infection, even those with evidence of serological recovery. Patients with inactive or resolved HBV infection are at a high risk of HBV reactivation. Extracellular vesicles have been shown... more
Hepatitis B virus persists in all patients with infection, even those with evidence of serological recovery. Patients with inactive or resolved HBV infection are at a high risk of HBV reactivation. Extracellular vesicles have been shown to serve as vehicles for intercellular communication and transfer of genetic material. We investigated whether extracellular vesicles carry infection and serve as reservoir of HBV DNA. EVs were isolated from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, Group1: qHBsAg+ve with undetectable HBV DNA post-antiviral therapy [n=9]; Group 2: CHB with detectable HBV DNA&gt;10 [n=12], compared with healthy controls (HC) (n=20). The cellular origin of extracellular vesicles was confirmed using flow cytometer. HBV transmission and replication was assessed in Huh7, HepG2 and immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) cell lines. In Group1, HBV DNA was detected in EVs in 5 of 9 (60%) (p=0.00) patients, whereas undetectable in plasma. The probability of detecting HBV DNA in extra...
BackgroundThe role of convalescent plasma (COPLA) for the treatment of severely ill Corona Virus Disease-2019 is under investigation. We compared the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in severe... more
BackgroundThe role of convalescent plasma (COPLA) for the treatment of severely ill Corona Virus Disease-2019 is under investigation. We compared the efficacy and safety of convalescent plasma with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in severe COVID-19 patients.Methods and findingsThis was an open-label, single-centre phase II RCT on 29 patients with severe COVID-19 from India. One group received COPLA with standard medical care (SMC) (n=14), and another group received FFP with SMC (n=15). A total of 29 patients were randomized in the two treatment groups. Eleven out of 14 (78.5%) patients remained free of ventilation at day seven in the intervention arm while the proportion was 14 out of 15 (93.3 %) in the control arm (p= 0.258). The median reductions in RR per min at 48-hours in COPLA-group and FFP group were -6.5 and -3 respectively [p=0.004] and at day seven were -14.5 and -10 respectively (p=0.008). The median improvements in percentage O2 saturation at 48-hours were 6.5 and 2 respective...
ABSTRACTIntense monocyte activation and infiltration into the target tissues is the main mechanism of lung injury in SARS CoV2 infection. A reduction in the degree and nature of such cellular responses is expected following recovery. We... more
ABSTRACTIntense monocyte activation and infiltration into the target tissues is the main mechanism of lung injury in SARS CoV2 infection. A reduction in the degree and nature of such cellular responses is expected following recovery. We aimed to investigate the immune responses in severe Covid-19 patients and recovered patients.MethodsSevere COVID-19 patients (n=34) at Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi and COVID-19 recovered patients (n=15) from mild disease and considered for convalescent plasma (COPLA) donation at Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences (ILBS), New Delhi were recruited. We performed a multiplex cytokine bead assay in plasma and detailed multicolour flow cytometric analysis in peripheral blood of both groups and outcomes were compared in both groups and with healthy controls (n=10).ResultsA significant increase in inflammatory markers [MIP1-a, MIP3a, MCP1, MIF, MMP12, ITAC, VEGF-A, and leptin] was observed in severe patients. Non-survivors additionally showed increased...
Asialoglycoprotein receptor expression on hepatocytes has been associated with endocytosis, binding and uptake of hepatitis B virus. The role of asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatitis B virus vertical transmission and its expression on... more
Asialoglycoprotein receptor expression on hepatocytes has been associated with endocytosis, binding and uptake of hepatitis B virus. The role of asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatitis B virus vertical transmission and its expression on placenta has not yet been studied. Thirty-four HBsAg+ve and 13 healthy pregnant mothers along with their newborns were enrolled. The former were categorized into transmitting and non-transmitting mothers based on their newborns being hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA positive. Expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor and hepatitis B surface antigen in placenta and isoform of asialoglycoprotein receptor on dendritic cell in peripheral and cord blood dendritic cells were analysed using flowcytometry, immune histochemistry, immune florescence and qRT-PCR. Twelve HBsAg+ve mothers transmitted hepatitis B virus to their newborns whereas the rest (n = 22) did not. Hepatitis B virus-transmitting mothers showed increased expression of as...
Hepatitis B virus persists in all patients with infection, even those with evidence of serological recovery. Patients with inactive or resolved HBV infection are at a high risk of HBV reactivation. Extracellular vesicles have been shown... more
Hepatitis B virus persists in all patients with infection, even those with evidence of serological recovery. Patients with inactive or resolved HBV infection are at a high risk of HBV reactivation. Extracellular vesicles have been shown to serve as vehicles for intercellular communication and transfer of genetic material. We investigated whether extracellular vesicles carry infection and serve as reservoir of HBV DNA. EVs were isolated from chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, Group1: qHBsAg+ve with undetectable HBV DNA post-antiviral therapy [n=9]; Group 2: CHB with detectable HBV DNA&gt;10 [n=12], compared with healthy controls (HC) (n=20). The cellular origin of extracellular vesicles was confirmed using flow cytometer. HBV transmission and replication was assessed in Huh7, HepG2 and immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) cell lines. In Group1, HBV DNA was detected in EVs in 5 of 9 (60%) (p=0.00) patients, whereas undetectable in plasma. The probability of detecting HBV DNA in extra...
Asialoglycoprotein receptor expression on hepatocytes has been associated with endocytosis, binding and uptake of hepatitis B virus. The role of asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatitis B virus vertical transmission and its expression on... more
Asialoglycoprotein receptor expression on hepatocytes has been associated with endocytosis, binding and uptake of hepatitis B virus. The role of asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatitis B virus vertical transmission and its expression on placenta has not yet been studied. Thirty-four HBsAg+ve and 13 healthy pregnant mothers along with their newborns were enrolled. The former were categorized into transmitting and non-transmitting mothers based on their newborns being hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA positive. Expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor and hepatitis B surface antigen in placenta and isoform of asialoglycoprotein receptor on dendritic cell in peripheral and cord blood dendritic cells were analysed using flowcytometry, immune histochemistry, immune florescence and qRT-PCR. Twelve HBsAg+ve mothers transmitted hepatitis B virus to their newborns whereas the rest (n = 22) did not. Hepatitis B virus-transmitting mothers showed increased expression of as...
Asialoglycoprotein receptor expression on hepatocytes has been associated with endocytosis, binding and uptake of hepatitis B virus. The role of asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatitis B virus vertical transmission and its expression on... more
Asialoglycoprotein receptor expression on hepatocytes has been associated with endocytosis, binding and uptake of hepatitis B virus. The role of asialoglycoprotein receptor in hepatitis B virus vertical transmission and its expression on placenta has not yet been studied. Thirty-four HBsAg+ve and 13 healthy pregnant mothers along with their newborns were enrolled. The former were categorized into transmitting and non-transmitting mothers based on their newborns being hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B virus DNA positive. Expression of asialoglycoprotein receptor and hepatitis B surface antigen in placenta and isoform of asialoglycoprotein receptor on dendritic cell in peripheral and cord blood dendritic cells were analysed using flowcytometry, immune histochemistry, immune florescence and qRT-PCR. Twelve HBsAg+ve mothers transmitted hepatitis B virus to their newborns whereas the rest (n = 22) did not. Hepatitis B virus-transmitting mothers showed increased expression of as...
Background Decompensated cirrhosis patients are more prone to bacterial infections. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand in sepsis patients and disrupt immune cell functions. GM-CSF therapy helps in restoring immune cell... more
Background Decompensated cirrhosis patients are more prone to bacterial infections. Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) expand in sepsis patients and disrupt immune cell functions. GM-CSF therapy helps in restoring immune cell functions and resolve infections. Its role in MDSCs modulation in cirrhotic with sepsis is not well understood. Methods 164 decompensated cirrhotic; 62 without(w/o), 72 with sepsis and 30 with sepsis treated with GM-CSF and 15 healthy were studied. High-dimensional flow cytometry was performed to analyse MDSCs, monocytes, neutrophils, CD4 T-cells and Tregs at admission, day3 and 7. Ex-vivo co-cultured MDSCs with T-cells were assessed for proliferation and apoptosis of T-cells, differentiation to T-regs. Plasma factors and mRNA levels were analysed by cytokine-bead assay and qRT-PCR. Results Frequency of MDSCs and T-regs were significantly increased (p=0.011, and p=0.02) with decreased CD4 T-cells(p=0.01) in sepsis than without sepsis and HC (p=0.000, p=0....