Paúl Gonzáles

The present study analyses the geographical distribution, conservation status, and nomenclature of Peruvian endemic Pedersenia weberbaueri. The species distribution was modelled using MaxEnt based on occurrence data and bioclimatic variables. The conservation status of the species was assessed against the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List, and nomenclatural and typification issues were resolved. The potential distribution map of P. weberbaueri shows that the species is restricted to the seasonally dry tropical forests of the Marañón valley within a narrow latitudinal, longitudinal, and elevational range. Consequently, we propose to categorise the species as Endangered (EN) and provide the necessary information for its inclusion in the IUCN Red List. Finally, we resolve nomenclatural issues and designate a lectotype. The results contribute to the biological knowledge of P. weberbaueri and support subsequent conservation management plans.

Symptoms of late blight on alternative hosts after re isolation and inoculation: A) <i>Solanum caripense</i> Dunal, (B) <i>S. candolleanum</i> Berthault., (C) <i>S. grandidentatum</i> Phill., (D) <i>S. acaule</i> Bitter, (E) <i>S. huancabambense</i> Ochoa, (F) <i>S. muricatum</i> Aiton, (G) <i>S. ochranthum</i> Dunal, (H) <i>S. zahlbruckneri</i> Bitter.

El género Distichia Nees & Meyen (Juncaceae) está formado por tres especies nativas de Sudamérica, siendo Distichia muscoides Nees & Meyen la más ampliamente distribuida (Kirschner et al., 2002). Esta especie dioica es el componente principal de los bofedales, ecosistema muy importante de la región altoandina. En este trabajo se estudiaron distintos aspectos biológicos de D. muscoides como: 1) la viabilidad del polen por medio de métodos indirectos de coloración; 2) la receptividad estigmática a través de una prueba con peróxido de hidrógeno; 3) la viabilidad de las semillas mediante su germinación; y 4) sus datos citogenéticos, empleando la técnica de bandeo cromosómico fluorescente CMA/DA/DAPI. Los resultados muestran que las flores estaminadas presentan polen con un porcentaje alto de viabilidad (100%); las flores pistiladas alcanzan la receptividad estigmática una vez que las ramas del estigma desarrollan su máxima longitud (4 mm) y permanecen en este estado al menos durante dos...

Two high Andean taxa from South Peru, Viola ornata and Viola longibracteolata, are described and illustrated. During a series of ecotourism and botanical expeditions in the Moquegua and Arequipa regions, four populations of V. ornata and one population of V. longibracteolata were discovered. Both species are compared with morphologically similar species of subg. Neoandinium. Their resemblances and differences are discussed, including by means of a key. We have determined the potential IUCN status of both new species as Critically Endangered (CR).

Resumen Como resultado de recientes estudios floristicos en las zonas altoandinas del Peru, se dan a conocer doce nuevos registros para la flora peruana: Jalcophila boliviensis Anderb. & S. E. Freire,  J. ecuadorensis M. O. Dillon & Sagast., Senecio aquilaris Cabrera, Werneria spathulata Wedd.,  Xenophyllum pseudodigitatum (Rockh.) V. A. Funk (Asteraceae),  Draba alyssoides Humb. & Bonpl.,  D. loayzana Al-Shehbaz, Petroravenia friesii (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, P. werdermannii (O. E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz, Rorippa beckii Al-Shehbaz, Weberbauera cymosa Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae) y Stellaria weddellii Pedersen (Caryophyllaceae). Para cada taxon se menciona la informacion del tipo, su distribucion geografica actualizada y datos del habitat. Se interpretan, ademas, algunos aspectos generales sobre la fitogeografia de los generos con dichas novedades floristicas para el Peru. Palabras clave: Andes, fitogeografia, nuevos registros, taxonomia. Abstract As a result of recent floristic studies i...

Two new Peruvian species of Brayopsis, B. limensis and B. cuscoensis, are described an illustrated, and their relationships and distinguishing characters from their nearest relatives are discussed. A key to the nine species of Brayopsis is presented.

Morphological variation of reproductive structures of the Solanaceae in the Yanachaga- Chemillen National Park (Peru). This study analyzes the presence and variation of floral features in species of the Solanaceae family in three localities of the Yanachaga-Chemillen National Park (Peru) during the rainy season from Feb–Mar of 2009. The morphometric data collection of the flowers and fruits of 280 individuals, belonging to 47 species, collected in the towns of Paujil (400 m), Tunqui (1900 m) and San Daniel (2400 m) was analyzed. The quantitative data was analyzed using Spearman’s simple correlation, while for the qualitative data, a descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The analysis of the quantitative data indicates that there are statistically significant variation in the size of certain flower structures, which have a moderate negative correlation with their altitudinal distribution, these variables are the length of the corolla tube (p = 0.000358) and the style (p = 0....

Los humedales altoandinos son ecosistemas que incluyen una amplia variedad de ambientes, los cuales comparten como caracteristica fundamental la presencia de agua. Poseen una diversidad biologica singular y son considerados ecosistemas de gran fragilidad. Con el objetivo de documentar su flora, en el presente estudio se dan a conocer especies de la familia Asteraceae registradas en bofedales y sistemas acuaticos mediante inventarios floristicos realizados en las zonas altoandinas de los departamentos de Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cusco, Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Junin, La Libertad, Lima, Moquegua, Pasco, Puno y Tacna, entre los anos 2009 y 2015. En este periodo de tiempo, se han explorado 200 humedales altoandinos, ubicados en 30 localidades. Se reportan para los humedales altoandinos un total de 25 especies de la familia Asteraceae, agrupadas en 11 generos, siete tribus y tres subfamilias. El genero Werneria es el mas diverso, con once especies, seguido por el ge...

Resumen Se presentan los resultados del estudio de la flora y vegetacion en el distrito de Santa Rosa de Quives (Canta, Lima, Peru). Los resultados estan basados en colectas intensivas entre los 550 y 3200 m de altitud (entre los anos 2009 y 2012), consulta a ejemplares de herbarios (USM, MOL, MO, F) y revision bibliografica. La flora vascular de este distrito esta integrada por 453 especies agrupadas en 291 generos y 77 familias. Las eudicotiledoneas son el grupo dominante con 378 especies (84 %), seguido por las monocotiledoneas con 68 (15 %), los pteridofitos estan escasamente representados por 6 especies (1.3 %), mientras que las Gnetophyta registran solo una especie (0.3 %). Las familias con mayor numero de generos y especies son: Asteraceae (45 generos/66 especies), Poaceae (29/41), Solanaceae (14/32), Malvaceae (17/29), Fabaceae (21/27), Convolvulaceae (5/16), Amaranthaceae (5/14) y Euphorbiaceae (8/14). Estas ocho familias conforman el 53 % de toda la flora registrada para e...

Fil: Barboza, Gloria Estela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal; Argentina

Resumen La familia Asteraceae posee una alta riqueza de especies dentro de la flora peruana y principalmente dentro de los Andes. En la presente contribucion se reporta una lista de 306 especies de asteraceas para el departamento de Lima (Peru), de las cuales 290 son nativas, mientras que 15 son introducidas y/o cultivadas. Un total de 99 especies de asteraceas (34 % de las especies nativas) son endemicas de Peru. Ademas, 20 especies se encuentran solamente en pequenas poblaciones unicamente en el departamento de Lima. El pico de diversidad del total de especies y de especies endemicas es observado entre 3000-3500 m de elevacion. Canta tiene el mas alto numero de especies (194 spp.) y de especies endemicas (46 spp.), seguida por Yauyos (159/31) y Huarochiri (97/30). Los actuales patrones de diversidad estan altamente correlacionados con la densidad de colecciones, por lo que es necesario una mayor colecta en todas las provincias, especialmente en Oyon y Cajatambo, donde existen poca...

Clinanthus fabianae and C. thiagoi are described from Ancash and La Libertad departments of Peru. Both species have similar perigone coloration, broadly lobed staminal coronas, and incurved free filaments. They may represent a distinct species group, along with the previously described C. inflatus. The species can be separated by number of flowers, pedicel length, flower habit, tube length, morphology and pattern of dilation, and color of the tepal apiculum.

We describe and illustrate Viola tovarii P. Gonzáles & J. Molina-Alor, a new species of Viola section Andinium from the high Andes of southwest Peru. Special emphasis is placed on the color and size of the flowers and leaves, style crest form, and presence or absence of stipules, which are key characters that were undervalued in previous taxonomic treatments dealing with this species assemblage. The species is illustrated and a photograph of the living plant is included.

Background and Aims: The knowledge of the richness and distribution of the flora in the Peruvian Andes is scarce; about 70 taxonomic novelties have been reported for this area in the last decade, a large part belonging to the Asteraceae. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of this flora through a new record of Baccharis acaulis. In addition, the distribution pattern of this species is examined.Methods: As part of floristic inventories in the high Andes of Peru, various field trips were carried out, several plant specimens were collected, among them a previously unreported species, which was identified by consulting some specialists and confirmed using taxonomic keys. Furthermore, predicting species distribution based on ecological niche modeling was made use the machine learning algorithm Maxent with the bioclimatic variables of the WorldClim database.Key results: A species of the genus Baccharis was registered for the first time for the flora of Peru. This...

Los estudios sobre la composición florística y riqueza de especies en montañas tropicales apoyan su reconocimiento como áreas de alta diversidad biológica, y, por tanto, de su importancia para la conservación. En este trabajo presentamos datos sobre la flora altoandina de ocho sitios localizados en la Cordillera de Carabaya, proveemos también una comparación florística con otros nueve lugares tanto en Perú como en el norte de Bolivia. El área de estudio incluye 506 especies de plantas vasculares, reconocidas en 203 géneros y 66 familias. Las tasas más altas de riqueza de especies se hallan en dos familias: Asteraceae y Poaceae, que colectivamente abarcan el 37% de todas las especies. Otras familias importantes fueron Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Brassicaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Gentianaceae, Plantaginaceae y Cyperaceae. Los géneros más diversos fueron Senecio, Calamagrostis, Poa y Nototriche. La forma de crecimiento predominante fueron las hierbas perennes. La flora vascular d...

A little herb from central Peru is recognised as a new species of a new genus. Centenariarupacquiana belongs to the tribe Eupatorieae, subtribe Piqueriinae. It has asymmetrical corollas with two inner lobes smaller, a flat and epaleaceous receptacle and the presence of pappus. In Peru, Centenaria is related to the genera Ferreyrella and Ellenbergia, but Ferreyrella is different by having no pappus and a paleate receptacle; and on the other hand, Ellenbergia is different by having symmetrical corollas.

Se presenta una revisión de Myrosmodes del Perú. Se aceptan siete especies para el país. Se describe e ilustra cada especie con base en la revisión del material tipo, protólogos y material peruano. Se evalúa su distribución en el país. Myrosmodes nervosa se registra por primera vez para el Perú. Se proponen nuevos sinónimos: M. cleefii es incluido bajo la sinonimia de M. nubigena, M. inaequalis y M. pumilio bajo M. paludosa, M. weberbaueri bajo M. gymnandra y M. cochlearis bajo M. rhynchocarpa. También se proporciona una clave para identificar las especies reconocidas. Se designa un lectotipo para Aa chiogena. 

Reproductive biology and cytogenetics of Distichia muscoides (Juncaceae). The genus Distichia Nees & Meyen (Juncaceae) has three species from South America, and the most widely distributed is Distichia muscoides. This dioecious species is the main component of the wetlands, an important ecosystem of the high Andean region. In this work, different biological aspects of D. muscoides were studied: 1) pollen viability through indirect staining techniques; 2) the stigmatic receptivity through hydrogen peroxide test; 3) the viability of the seeds and 4) cytogenetic studies using fluorescent chromosome banding CMA/DA/DAPI. The results show that staminate flowers of D. muscoides have pollen with a high percentage of viability (100%); pistillate flowers reach the stigmatic receptivity once stigma branches develop their maximum length (4 mm) and remain in this state for at least two days. The number of ovules per ovary is 34, and the number of seeds per fruit is 25. The seeds germinated since...

Se describe e ilustra a Nototriche carabayensis (Malvaceae), una nueva especie de los Andes del sur de Perú. Nototriche carabayensis se relaciona con N. cupuliforme, N. antoniana y N. peruviana por presentar una estructura a manera de corona en la base del tubo estaminal; se distingue por la corola blanca con venas rojo-violáceas, los nectarios deltoideos y 11 estigmas. Se incluyen la descripción, ilustración y fotos de la especie nueva, y una clave de las especies peruvianas con corona.

ABSTRACT Englerocharis blanca-leoniae is described and illustrated, and its relationship to the closely related E. peruviana is discussed. As a result, Englerocharis now includes five species, all except the latter are narrowly endemic to Peru and known from single collections. The generic limit is expanded to accommodate the new species, and a key to the five known species of the genus is presented.

Autophagy is a conserved cellular pathway used to recycle nutrients through lysosomal breakdown basally and under times of stress (e.g., nutrient deprivation, chemotherapeutic treatment). Oncogenes are known to induce autophagy, which may be exploited by cancers for cell survival. To identify autophagy inhibitors with potential therapeutic value for cancer, we screened a panel of anti-malarial agents and found that quinacrine (QN) had sixty-fold higher potency of autophagy inhibition than chloroquine (CQ), a well-known autophagy inhibitor that functions by disrupting lysosomal activity. Despite desirable autophagy inhibiting properties, QN showed considerable cytotoxicity. Therefore, we designed and synthesized a novel series of QN analogs and investigated their effects on autophagy inhibition and cell viability. Notably, we found two compounds (33 and 34), bearing a backbone of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine, had limited cytotoxicity yet strong autophagy inhibition properties. In concl...

Several members of the kinesin family of microtubule motor proteins play essential roles in mitotic spindle function and are potential targets for the discovery of novel antimitotic cancer therapies. KSP, also known as HsEg5, is a kinesin that plays an essential role in formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle and is required for cell cycle progression through mitosis. We identified

Cellular membranes are densely crowded with a diverse population of integral and membrane-associated proteins. In this complex environment, lipid rafts, which are phase-separated membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and saturated lipids, are thought to organize the membrane surface. Specifically, rafts may help to concentrate proteins and lipids locally, enabling cellular processes such as assembly of caveolae, budding of enveloped viruses, and sorting of lipids and proteins in the Golgi. However, the ability of rafts to concentrate protein species has not been quantified experimentally. Here we show that when membrane-bound proteins become densely crowded within liquid-ordered membrane regions, steric pressure arising from collisions between proteins can destabilize lipid phase separations, resulting in a homogeneous distribution of proteins and lipids over the membrane surface. Using a reconstituted system of lipid vesicles and recombinant proteins, we demonstrate that protein-protein steric pressure creates an energetic barrier to the stability of phase-separated membrane domains that increases in significance as the molecular weight of the proteins increases. Comparison with a simple analytical model reveals that domains are destabilized when the steric pressure exceeds the approximate enthalpy of membrane mixing. These results suggest that a subtle balance of free energies governs the stability of phase-separated cellular membranes, providing a new perspective on the role of lipid rafts as concentrators of membrane proteins.