<p>Geographic area for CE control programme showing sheep farm in control and vaccination a... more <p>Geographic area for CE control programme showing sheep farm in control and vaccination areas. Río Negro, Argentina.</p
<p>* Chi square test by statistical comparisons between groups control and vaccination</... more <p>* Chi square test by statistical comparisons between groups control and vaccination</p><p>** between groups 2009 and 2011</p><p>N: Number of sheep assessed. Pos Number found positive in ELISA or Western blot (WB) to <i>E</i>. <i>granulosus</i></p><p>Diagnostic values for <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> obtained as base-line serology data [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004134#pntd.0004134.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>], and impact before and after the introduction of the EG95 vaccine, in sheep and in small holder farms in the Rio Negro control program during 2009/2011.</p
<p>* Chi square test by statistical comparisons between groups control and vaccination and&... more <p>* Chi square test by statistical comparisons between groups control and vaccination and</p><p>** between groups 2009 and 2015;</p><p>*** Student’s t-test between control and vaccinated groups</p><p>Diagnostic values for <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> obtained as base-line data and impact before and after the introduction of the EG95 vaccine in the Rio Negro control program during 2009/2015.</p
In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel zoonotic coronavirus began, called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-1... more In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel zoonotic coronavirus began, called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, which reached pandemic dimensions on March 11, 2020. By March 3, it had already entered República Argentina, while on March 9 the first case occurred in the Province of Rio Negro. In this province, 823 cases were identified with 41 deaths and 602 recovered cases by June 30, giving rise to successive intervention strategies to prevent its arrival in some places without viral circulation, to control outbreaks occurred and, when this objective was achieved, to avoid reintroduction. Among all measures, those related to non-pharmaceutical Interventions or NFI based on Primary Health Care and One Health with integrated participation among health agents of the First Level of Care, veterinary public health and medical areas of the Departments of Activities for the Area and Its Primary Health Care Centers and epidemiology services are a central, highly effective and essential strategy to cut t...
<p>%V<sup>1</sup>: proportion of the animals available to be vaccinated that we... more <p>%V<sup>1</sup>: proportion of the animals available to be vaccinated that were actually vaccinated;</p><p>%EU: the proportion of the epidemiological units (EU) that were scheduled to be include in the vaccination programme that actually participated;</p><p>%V<sup>2</sup>: proportion of animals receiving the full three-dose vaccination schedule</p><p>Number of animals vaccinated with EG95; Rio Negro Province, 2009–2015.</p
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode para... more Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode para-site Echinococcus granulosus. It occurs in many parts of the world where pastoral activities predominate, including the Rio Negro province of Argentina. Although CE control activities have been undertaken in the western regions of Rio Negro for more than two decades, the disease continues to remain prevalent in both the human and livestock animal populations. Vaccination of animal intermediate hosts of CE with the EG95 vaccine may provide a new opportunity to improve the effectiveness of CE control measures, although data are lacking about field application of the vaccine. Aims Evaluate the impact of EG95 vaccination in sheep on the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in a field environment. Methodology Two trial sites were established in western Rio Negro province within indigenous communi-
La Equinococosis quistica es endemica en la provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Despues de 30 anos... more La Equinococosis quistica es endemica en la provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Despues de 30 anos de control usando praziquantel en perros, la velocidad de transmision a seres humanos y ovejas, se ha reducido significativamente, sin embargo persiste la transmision. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la introduccion de la vacuna EG95 en el programa de control. La vacuna fue aplicada en una zona que comprende comunidades de pueblos originarios. Dos grupos diferentes fueron asignados a diferentes tipos de tratamiento. Un grupo de 71 productores de las regiones Blancura Centro y Lipetren, se establecieron como control sin vacunacion. El grupo tratamiento comprendio 79 productores de Anecon Grande, Mamuel Choique, Nahuel Pan y Rio Chico abajo en donde los corderos recibieron dos dosis con la vacuna EG95 seguido de un refuerzo cuando los animales tenian 1-1.5 anos de edad. La transmision de Echinococcus granulosus fue evaluada mediante necropsia de ovejas adultas. Tambien s...
In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel zoonotic coronavirus began, called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-1... more In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel zoonotic coronavirus began, called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, which reached pandemic dimensions on March 11, 2020. By March 3, it had already entered República Argentina, while on March 9 the first case occurred in the Province of Rio Negro. In this province, 823 cases were identified with 41 deaths and 602 recovered cases by June 30, giving rise to successive intervention strategies to prevent its arrival in some places without viral circulation, to control outbreaks occurred and, when this objective was achieved, to avoid reintroduction. Among all measures, those related to non-pharmaceutical Interventions or NFI based on Primary Health Care and One Health with integrated participation among health agents of the First Level of Care, veterinary public health and medical areas of the Departments of Activities for the Area and Its Primary Health Care Centers and epidemiology services are a central, highly effective and essential strategy to cut t...
En el mes de Diciembre de 2019, comenzó un brote de un novel coronavirus de origen zoonótico, den... more En el mes de Diciembre de 2019, comenzó un brote de un novel coronavirus de origen zoonótico, denominado SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19, que alcanzó dimensiones de pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020. Ya el 3 de marzo de 2020, había ingresado a la República Argentina, mientras que el 9 de marzo se produjo el primer caso en la Provincia de Rio Negro. En esta provincia, al 30 de junio se identifican 823 casos con 41 defunciones y 602 casos recuperados, dando lugar a sucesivas estrategias de intervención para evitar su llegada a algunas localidades sin circulación viral, controlar los brotes ocurridos y, cuando este objetivo es logrado, evitar la reintroducción. Entre todas las medidas, las vinculadas a Intervenciones no farmacéuticas o INF basadas en Atención Primaria de la Salud y Una Salud con participación integrada entre agentes sanitarios del Primer Nivel de Atención, salud pública veterinaria y áreas médicas de los Departamentos de Actividades para el Área y sus Centros de Atención Primaria ...
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The con... more Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The control program against CE has developed monitoring surveillance systems. Currently, the coproELISA/Western blot (WB) test is used to determine transmission in livestock farms (epidemiological units or EU) from collected dry field-dispersed dog feces. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with CE cases in children aged 0-14 years. Canine fecal samples were obtained from randomly selected livestock farms and processed by the coproELISA/WB test. Furthermore, new cases in children in the same age group mentioned above were identified. In 278 EU, 571 samples of canine feces were obtained. There were 37 positive samples for coproELISA/WB (6.5%) and the presence of transmission was demonstrated in 37 EU (13.3%). There were no significant differences (p=0.9) with the survey conducted in the period 2003-2004 while there were significant differenc...
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The con... more Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The control program against CE has developed monitoring surveillance systems. Currently, the coproELISA/Western blot (WB) test is used to determine transmission in livestock farms (epidemiological units or EU) from collected dry field-dispersed dog feces. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with CE cases in children aged 0-14 years. Canine fecal samples were obtained from randomly selected livestock farms and processed by the coproELISA/WB test. Furthermore, new cases in children in the same age group mentioned above were identified. In 278 EU, 571 samples of canine feces were obtained. There were 37 positive samples for coproELISA/WB (6.5%) and the presence of transmission was demonstrated in 37 EU (13.3%). There were no significant differences (p=0.9) with the survey conducted in the period 2003-2004 while there were significant differences (p=0.02) with the EU survey of native populations conducted in 2009-2010. With respect to animal density in the work area, the EU yielding negative results had an average of 2 dogs (SD 2.1) per EU while in the EU having positive results the average was 3 dogs (SD 4.2), showing statistically significant differences (p=0.02). In children under 15 years of age, 12 cases were diagnosed. This study has identified, on average, that the cases of hydatid disease are closer in the positive fields than in the negative fields (p=0.00307).The coproELISA/WB test allowed to identify the dispersion of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with the occurrence of cases in children in 2009-2010.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode parasite Echino... more Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. It occurs in many parts of the world where pastoral activities predominate, including the Rio Negro province of Argentina. Although CE control activities have been undertaken in the western regions of Rio Negro for more than two decades, the disease continues to remain prevalent in both the human and livestock animal populations. Vaccination of animal intermediate hosts of CE with the EG95 vaccine may provide a new opportunity to improve the effectiveness of CE control measures, although data are lacking about field application of the vaccine. Evaluate the impact of EG95 vaccination in sheep on the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in a field environment. Two trial sites were established in western Rio Negro province within indigenous communities. Vaccination of lambs born into one trial site was introduced and continued for 6 years. Prior to initiation of the trial, and at the end of the trial, the prevalence of CE in sheep was determined by necropsy. Weaned lambs received two injections of EG95 vaccine, approximately one month apart, and a single booster injection one year later. Vaccination was not implemented at the second trial site. A total of 2725 animals were vaccinated in the first year. Animals from this cohort as well as age-matched sheep from the control area were evaluated by necropsy. Introduction of the vaccine led to a statistically significant in the number and size of hydatid cysts in comparison to the situation prior to the introduction of the vaccine, or compared to CE prevalence in the control area where the vaccine was not applied. The prevalence of infection in the vaccinated area was also significantly reduced by 62% compared to the re-intervention level, being lower than the prevalence seen in the control area, although the difference from the control area after the intervention was not significant possibly due to limitations in the numbers of animals available for necropsy. Vaccination of sheep with the EG95 vaccine provides a valuable new tool which improves the effectiveness of CE control activities. Vaccination was effective even in a difficult, remote environment where only approximately half the lambs born into the communities were fully vaccinated.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The con... more Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The control program against CE has developed monitoring surveillance systems. Currently, the coproELISA/Western blot (WB) test is used to determine transmission in livestock farms (epidemiological units or EU) from collected dry field-dispersed dog feces. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with CE cases in children aged 0-14 years. Canine fecal samples were obtained from randomly selected livestock farms and processed by the coproELISA/WB test. Furthermore, new cases in children in the same age group mentioned above were identified. In 278 EU, 571 samples of canine feces were obtained. There were 37 positive samples for coproELISA/WB (6.5%) and the presence of transmission was demonstrated in 37 EU (13.3%). There were no significant differences (p=0.9) with the survey conducted in the period 2003-2004 while there were significant differences (p=0.02) with the EU survey of native populations conducted in 2009-2010. With respect to animal density in the work area, the EU yielding negative results had an average of 2 dogs (SD 2.1) per EU while in the EU having positive results the average was 3 dogs (SD 4.2), showing statistically significant differences (p=0.02). In children under 15 years of age, 12 cases were diagnosed. This study has identified, on average, that the cases of hydatid disease are closer in the positive fields than in the negative fields (p=0.00307).The coproELISA/WB test allowed to identify the dispersion of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with the occurrence of cases in children in 2009-2010.
<p>Geographic area for CE control programme showing sheep farm in control and vaccination a... more <p>Geographic area for CE control programme showing sheep farm in control and vaccination areas. Río Negro, Argentina.</p
<p>* Chi square test by statistical comparisons between groups control and vaccination</... more <p>* Chi square test by statistical comparisons between groups control and vaccination</p><p>** between groups 2009 and 2011</p><p>N: Number of sheep assessed. Pos Number found positive in ELISA or Western blot (WB) to <i>E</i>. <i>granulosus</i></p><p>Diagnostic values for <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> obtained as base-line serology data [<a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004134#pntd.0004134.ref010" target="_blank">10</a>], and impact before and after the introduction of the EG95 vaccine, in sheep and in small holder farms in the Rio Negro control program during 2009/2011.</p
<p>* Chi square test by statistical comparisons between groups control and vaccination and&... more <p>* Chi square test by statistical comparisons between groups control and vaccination and</p><p>** between groups 2009 and 2015;</p><p>*** Student’s t-test between control and vaccinated groups</p><p>Diagnostic values for <i>Echinococcus granulosus</i> obtained as base-line data and impact before and after the introduction of the EG95 vaccine in the Rio Negro control program during 2009/2015.</p
In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel zoonotic coronavirus began, called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-1... more In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel zoonotic coronavirus began, called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, which reached pandemic dimensions on March 11, 2020. By March 3, it had already entered República Argentina, while on March 9 the first case occurred in the Province of Rio Negro. In this province, 823 cases were identified with 41 deaths and 602 recovered cases by June 30, giving rise to successive intervention strategies to prevent its arrival in some places without viral circulation, to control outbreaks occurred and, when this objective was achieved, to avoid reintroduction. Among all measures, those related to non-pharmaceutical Interventions or NFI based on Primary Health Care and One Health with integrated participation among health agents of the First Level of Care, veterinary public health and medical areas of the Departments of Activities for the Area and Its Primary Health Care Centers and epidemiology services are a central, highly effective and essential strategy to cut t...
<p>%V<sup>1</sup>: proportion of the animals available to be vaccinated that we... more <p>%V<sup>1</sup>: proportion of the animals available to be vaccinated that were actually vaccinated;</p><p>%EU: the proportion of the epidemiological units (EU) that were scheduled to be include in the vaccination programme that actually participated;</p><p>%V<sup>2</sup>: proportion of animals receiving the full three-dose vaccination schedule</p><p>Number of animals vaccinated with EG95; Rio Negro Province, 2009–2015.</p
Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode para... more Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode para-site Echinococcus granulosus. It occurs in many parts of the world where pastoral activities predominate, including the Rio Negro province of Argentina. Although CE control activities have been undertaken in the western regions of Rio Negro for more than two decades, the disease continues to remain prevalent in both the human and livestock animal populations. Vaccination of animal intermediate hosts of CE with the EG95 vaccine may provide a new opportunity to improve the effectiveness of CE control measures, although data are lacking about field application of the vaccine. Aims Evaluate the impact of EG95 vaccination in sheep on the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in a field environment. Methodology Two trial sites were established in western Rio Negro province within indigenous communi-
La Equinococosis quistica es endemica en la provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Despues de 30 anos... more La Equinococosis quistica es endemica en la provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Despues de 30 anos de control usando praziquantel en perros, la velocidad de transmision a seres humanos y ovejas, se ha reducido significativamente, sin embargo persiste la transmision. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto de la introduccion de la vacuna EG95 en el programa de control. La vacuna fue aplicada en una zona que comprende comunidades de pueblos originarios. Dos grupos diferentes fueron asignados a diferentes tipos de tratamiento. Un grupo de 71 productores de las regiones Blancura Centro y Lipetren, se establecieron como control sin vacunacion. El grupo tratamiento comprendio 79 productores de Anecon Grande, Mamuel Choique, Nahuel Pan y Rio Chico abajo en donde los corderos recibieron dos dosis con la vacuna EG95 seguido de un refuerzo cuando los animales tenian 1-1.5 anos de edad. La transmision de Echinococcus granulosus fue evaluada mediante necropsia de ovejas adultas. Tambien s...
In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel zoonotic coronavirus began, called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-1... more In December 2019, an outbreak of a novel zoonotic coronavirus began, called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19, which reached pandemic dimensions on March 11, 2020. By March 3, it had already entered República Argentina, while on March 9 the first case occurred in the Province of Rio Negro. In this province, 823 cases were identified with 41 deaths and 602 recovered cases by June 30, giving rise to successive intervention strategies to prevent its arrival in some places without viral circulation, to control outbreaks occurred and, when this objective was achieved, to avoid reintroduction. Among all measures, those related to non-pharmaceutical Interventions or NFI based on Primary Health Care and One Health with integrated participation among health agents of the First Level of Care, veterinary public health and medical areas of the Departments of Activities for the Area and Its Primary Health Care Centers and epidemiology services are a central, highly effective and essential strategy to cut t...
En el mes de Diciembre de 2019, comenzó un brote de un novel coronavirus de origen zoonótico, den... more En el mes de Diciembre de 2019, comenzó un brote de un novel coronavirus de origen zoonótico, denominado SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19, que alcanzó dimensiones de pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020. Ya el 3 de marzo de 2020, había ingresado a la República Argentina, mientras que el 9 de marzo se produjo el primer caso en la Provincia de Rio Negro. En esta provincia, al 30 de junio se identifican 823 casos con 41 defunciones y 602 casos recuperados, dando lugar a sucesivas estrategias de intervención para evitar su llegada a algunas localidades sin circulación viral, controlar los brotes ocurridos y, cuando este objetivo es logrado, evitar la reintroducción. Entre todas las medidas, las vinculadas a Intervenciones no farmacéuticas o INF basadas en Atención Primaria de la Salud y Una Salud con participación integrada entre agentes sanitarios del Primer Nivel de Atención, salud pública veterinaria y áreas médicas de los Departamentos de Actividades para el Área y sus Centros de Atención Primaria ...
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The con... more Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The control program against CE has developed monitoring surveillance systems. Currently, the coproELISA/Western blot (WB) test is used to determine transmission in livestock farms (epidemiological units or EU) from collected dry field-dispersed dog feces. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with CE cases in children aged 0-14 years. Canine fecal samples were obtained from randomly selected livestock farms and processed by the coproELISA/WB test. Furthermore, new cases in children in the same age group mentioned above were identified. In 278 EU, 571 samples of canine feces were obtained. There were 37 positive samples for coproELISA/WB (6.5%) and the presence of transmission was demonstrated in 37 EU (13.3%). There were no significant differences (p=0.9) with the survey conducted in the period 2003-2004 while there were significant differenc...
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The con... more Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The control program against CE has developed monitoring surveillance systems. Currently, the coproELISA/Western blot (WB) test is used to determine transmission in livestock farms (epidemiological units or EU) from collected dry field-dispersed dog feces. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with CE cases in children aged 0-14 years. Canine fecal samples were obtained from randomly selected livestock farms and processed by the coproELISA/WB test. Furthermore, new cases in children in the same age group mentioned above were identified. In 278 EU, 571 samples of canine feces were obtained. There were 37 positive samples for coproELISA/WB (6.5%) and the presence of transmission was demonstrated in 37 EU (13.3%). There were no significant differences (p=0.9) with the survey conducted in the period 2003-2004 while there were significant differences (p=0.02) with the EU survey of native populations conducted in 2009-2010. With respect to animal density in the work area, the EU yielding negative results had an average of 2 dogs (SD 2.1) per EU while in the EU having positive results the average was 3 dogs (SD 4.2), showing statistically significant differences (p=0.02). In children under 15 years of age, 12 cases were diagnosed. This study has identified, on average, that the cases of hydatid disease are closer in the positive fields than in the negative fields (p=0.00307).The coproELISA/WB test allowed to identify the dispersion of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with the occurrence of cases in children in 2009-2010.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode parasite Echino... more Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an important zoonotic disease caused by the cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus. It occurs in many parts of the world where pastoral activities predominate, including the Rio Negro province of Argentina. Although CE control activities have been undertaken in the western regions of Rio Negro for more than two decades, the disease continues to remain prevalent in both the human and livestock animal populations. Vaccination of animal intermediate hosts of CE with the EG95 vaccine may provide a new opportunity to improve the effectiveness of CE control measures, although data are lacking about field application of the vaccine. Evaluate the impact of EG95 vaccination in sheep on the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in a field environment. Two trial sites were established in western Rio Negro province within indigenous communities. Vaccination of lambs born into one trial site was introduced and continued for 6 years. Prior to initiation of the trial, and at the end of the trial, the prevalence of CE in sheep was determined by necropsy. Weaned lambs received two injections of EG95 vaccine, approximately one month apart, and a single booster injection one year later. Vaccination was not implemented at the second trial site. A total of 2725 animals were vaccinated in the first year. Animals from this cohort as well as age-matched sheep from the control area were evaluated by necropsy. Introduction of the vaccine led to a statistically significant in the number and size of hydatid cysts in comparison to the situation prior to the introduction of the vaccine, or compared to CE prevalence in the control area where the vaccine was not applied. The prevalence of infection in the vaccinated area was also significantly reduced by 62% compared to the re-intervention level, being lower than the prevalence seen in the control area, although the difference from the control area after the intervention was not significant possibly due to limitations in the numbers of animals available for necropsy. Vaccination of sheep with the EG95 vaccine provides a valuable new tool which improves the effectiveness of CE control activities. Vaccination was effective even in a difficult, remote environment where only approximately half the lambs born into the communities were fully vaccinated.
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The con... more Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is an endemic disease in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. The control program against CE has developed monitoring surveillance systems. Currently, the coproELISA/Western blot (WB) test is used to determine transmission in livestock farms (epidemiological units or EU) from collected dry field-dispersed dog feces. The objective was to evaluate the prevalence of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with CE cases in children aged 0-14 years. Canine fecal samples were obtained from randomly selected livestock farms and processed by the coproELISA/WB test. Furthermore, new cases in children in the same age group mentioned above were identified. In 278 EU, 571 samples of canine feces were obtained. There were 37 positive samples for coproELISA/WB (6.5%) and the presence of transmission was demonstrated in 37 EU (13.3%). There were no significant differences (p=0.9) with the survey conducted in the period 2003-2004 while there were significant differences (p=0.02) with the EU survey of native populations conducted in 2009-2010. With respect to animal density in the work area, the EU yielding negative results had an average of 2 dogs (SD 2.1) per EU while in the EU having positive results the average was 3 dogs (SD 4.2), showing statistically significant differences (p=0.02). In children under 15 years of age, 12 cases were diagnosed. This study has identified, on average, that the cases of hydatid disease are closer in the positive fields than in the negative fields (p=0.00307).The coproELISA/WB test allowed to identify the dispersion of CE on livestock farms and its relationship with the occurrence of cases in children in 2009-2010.
En el mes de Diciembre de 2019, comenzó un brote de un novel coronavirus de origen zoonótico, den... more En el mes de Diciembre de 2019, comenzó un brote de un novel coronavirus de origen zoonótico, denominado SARS-CoV-2 o COVID-19, que alcanzó dimensiones de pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020. Ya el 3 de marzo de 2020, había ingresado a la República Argentina, mientras que el 9 de marzo se produjo el primer caso en la Provincia de Rio Negro. En esta provincia, al 30 de junio se identifican 823 casos con 41 defunciones y 602 casos recuperados, dando lugar a sucesivas estrategias de intervención para evitar su llegada a algunas localidades sin circulación viral, controlar los brotes ocurridos y, cuando este objetivo es logrado, evitar la reintroducción. Entre todas las medidas, las vinculadas a Intervenciones no farmacéuticas o INF basadas en Atención Primaria de la Salud y Una Salud con participación integrada entre agentes sanitarios del Primer Nivel de Atención, salud pública veterinaria y áreas médicas de los Departamentos de Actividades para el Área y sus Centros de Atención Primaria de la Salud y servicios de epidemiologia, son una estrategia central, altamente efectiva e imprescindible para cortar la cadena de transmisión y disminuir la capacidad reproductiva del agente (R0) a un valor < a 1. Se describen las actividades desarrolladas a partir de la aparición de casos en las localidades de El Bolsón, San Carlos de Bariloche, General Roca y Choele Choel en la Provincia de Rio Negro, República Argentina, durante 110 días de pandemia.
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