This article offers the edition and toponymic inventory of the Latin and Galician-Portuguese docu... more This article offers the edition and toponymic inventory of the Latin and Galician-Portuguese documentation after the compilation of the "Tombo de Toxos Outos" (co. Lousame, A Coruna, Galicia), which was finished at the end of 13th century (around 1289), while Sancho Eanes was the abbot. The documentation that we have collected in this paper would have been integrated in different areas of the cartulary by several scribes since the last decade of 13th century and during the first half of the following century.
http://ilg.usc.es/ P. Martínez Lema / R. Dourado Fernández / C. Osorio Peláez (2010): “Un novo re... more http://ilg.usc.es/ P. Martínez Lema / R. Dourado Fernández / C. Osorio Peláez (2010): “Un novo recurso para os estudos toponomásticos: O Inventario Toponímico da Galicia Medieval (ITGM)”, en X. Sousa Fernández (ed.): Toponimia e cartografía. Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega / Instituto da Lingua Galega, 239-263. __________________________________________________________________________
A Tool for Toponym Recognition in Medieval Documents
This paper (in Portuguese) describes a met... more A Tool for Toponym Recognition in Medieval Documents
This paper (in Portuguese) describes a method to build a tool aimed at recognizing geographical named entities in medieval texts. The new tool has been developed using the corresponding modules for contemporary languages contained in Linguakit, a suite of NLP tools. A collection of manually annotated corpora served as a resource to build a gazetteer of medieval toponyms and find patterns to improve and implement new rules for the recognition of place names. In addition to the gazetteer, a list of triggers was the most determinant factor to improve recall. Final adjustments considered the most frequent terms of the lexicon and grammatical contexts for geographical named entities. In the process of building a model of medieval language and a specific lexicon, the available tool can already be used to annotate texts and shows a significant improvement when compared with previous modules. However, most work remains to be done in terms of adding specific gazetteers for entities other than geographical.
Este artigo apresenta o método de construção duma ferramenta para a anotação de entidades geográficas mencionadas em textos medievais. A nova ferramenta foi desenvolvida a partir dos módulos de língua contemporânea do Linguakit, pacote multilingue de ferramentas de PLN. Uma coleção de corpora anotados manualmente serviu de recurso para elaborar uma lista de topónimos medievais (gazetteers) e observar padrões para a melhora e implementação de novas regras de reconhecimento dos nomes de lugar. Depois da lista de entidades geográficas, os ativadores contextuais (triggers) foram o recurso determinante na melhora da abrangência. Para o produto final, fizeram-se também ajustes menores na procura de recolher os elementos mais comuns do léxico e os contextos gramaticais das entidades geográficas mencionadas. Ainda que muito trabalho fica por fazer na elaboração de listas para entidades não geográficas, na construção dum modelo de língua medieval e um lexicon específico, o novo módulo pode ser utilizado para anotar textos e mostra uma melhora significativa a respeito dos módulos previamente existentes.
In this paper we propose the analysis of some Galician and Portuguese toponyms based on medieval ... more In this paper we propose the analysis of some Galician and Portuguese toponyms based on medieval demonyms which, in turn, refer to different Galician terras and commissos and which, therefore , clarify some questions related to the colonization process of the land on the south side of the River Minho in the 9th and 10th centuries.
The chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly b... more The chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly back to the 12th century which concerns the process of constitution of the land patrimony of the Benedictine abbey located on the Galician-Portuguese border. This documentary source offers several interesting aspects for linguistic research. In particular, it is worth highlighting the fact that this source contains some of the earliest records (or even, in some cases, the only ones) available for the analysis of a significant number of place-names in the extensive geographic area (the Portuguese Minho land as well as the southern and southwestern regions of Galicia) in which the monastery had a greater number of properties. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore this line of research, by collecting the records in the chartulary for a micro-corpus of four place-names (one being Portuguese and three Galician) and by using them to identify both their etymon and their formal and semantic evolution. Moreover, we will establish, when necessary, their possible relations with other toponymic items, finally analyzing certain dynamics and phenomena (essentially phonetic ones). Their research interest stems from their relatively rare nature in the context of Galician-Portuguese toponymy.
The chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly b... more The chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly back to the 12th century which concerns the process of constitution of the land patrimony of the Benedictine abbey located on the Galician-Portuguese border. This documentary source offers several interesting aspects for linguistic research. In particular, it is worth highlighting the fact that this source contains some of the earliest records (or even, in some cases, the only ones) available for the analysis of a significant number of place-names in the extensive geographic area (the Portuguese Minho land as well as the southern and southwestern regions of Galicia) in which the monastery had a greater number of properties. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore this line of research, by collecting the records in the chartulary for a micro-corpus of four place-names (one being Portuguese and three Galician) and by using them to identify both their etymon and their formal and semantic evolution. Moreover, we will establish, when necessary, their possible relations with other toponymic items, finally analyzing certain dynamics and phenomena (essentially phonetic ones). Their research interest stems from their relatively rare nature in the context of Galician-Portuguese toponymy.
In this contribution, we will examine the noun "mazarico" ‘curlew’ and its presence in Galician p... more In this contribution, we will examine the noun "mazarico" ‘curlew’ and its presence in Galician personal and geographical onomastics. After noting the presence of this noun and its formal variants in Galician-Portuguese, Castilian and Astur-Leonese, we will look to medieval sources for data pertinent to a reconstruction of the term’s earliest form and trace its use first as an anthroponym and subsequently as a place name. The paper concludes with a brief review of the presence in toponymy of "mazarico" and other names for the curlew (particularly "zarapico" and its variants).
This paper will draw an overview of the history of onomastic
studies developed in Galicia, adopti... more This paper will draw an overview of the history of onomastic studies developed in Galicia, adopting for this purpose a linear chronological criterion. The journey through the historical periods prior to the configuration of onomastics as a scientific discipline will highlight the essential approaches of Sarmiento to the matter. This study will review the contributions made in more recent times by different researchers who, with varying philological training, contributed to a better knowledge of the Galician toponymical and anthroponomical system. Finally, we will complete our journey with an appreciation of the most current works, both individual and those that are being developed under different research projects (primarily but not exclusively in universities).
As nowadays, much of the anthroponymic repertoire reflected in medieval documentsis based on the ... more As nowadays, much of the anthroponymic repertoire reflected in medieval documentsis based on the common vocabulary of the language. Therefore, one of the main access roads of Romanesque quotidian lexicon to the texts will be its implementation as nicknames, many of which have survived to remain as personal names. This evidence opens the possibility to establish some methodological links between anthroponymy and historical lexicography. Some of these connections are explored in this paper, which will be focused on the Galician-Portuguese linguistic area and its medieval textual production.
The article at hand provides a philological edition and toponymy study of the Ro-mance documents ... more The article at hand provides a philological edition and toponymy study of the Ro-mance documents which form part of the Tombo de Toxos Outos (Lousame, A Coruña). From a linguistic and textual criticism point of view, the interest lies in the phonographic particularities of the vernacular diplomas present in the original anthology of the Tombo (years 1271-1283). Along other lines, the analysis of the toponymy material provides relative information on the autonomous or legal character of the forms extracted, on their geographical representativeness, on the establishing of referential typologies involved, and on the relationship of sign/referent.
Resumo: O presente artigo recolle a edición interpretativa e estudo toponomástico da documen-tación romance integrada no tombo de Toxos Outos (Lousame, A Coruña). Desde o punto de vista ecdótico-lingüístico, o interese radica nas particularidades fonográficas dos diplomas ver-náculos presentes na escolma orixinal do tombo (aa. 1271-1283). Por outra banda, a análise do material toponímico achega información relativa ao carácter autónomo ou constitutivo das for-mas extraídas, á súa representatividade xeográfica, ao estabelecemento de tipoloxías referen-ciais implicadas e á relación signo / referente.
Medieval Galician language was specially used in the notarial prose since 13th century. One of th... more Medieval Galician language was specially used in the notarial prose since 13th century. One of the most cultivated genres were the foral contracts, by means of which some properties were ceded by an institution to an individual in exchange for some kind of rent. In this paper we analyze14 monastic texts from the central and southern Galician regions and we try to prove that foral contracts have several linguistic features that define them as a coherent textual type into ancient Galician notarial tradition. Those features concern to textual disposition, lexical selections and syntactical structures, and they are probably connected whit some kind of " dialectal variation " .
In this paper, we try to approach the cultural, social, religious and moral values contained in A... more In this paper, we try to approach the cultural, social, religious and moral values contained in As Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, a novel by Portuguese writer Júlio Dinis (Porto, 1839-1871). In order of that, we have selected some fields and issues whose presence in the text becomes specially prominent, because of their decisive importance in the tale as well as because they are representative of the 19th century society, immersed in deep changes: we are referring to the impact of urban culture in rural world, the treatment of the woman, the experience of the religious fact and the question of the social mobility. In this way, we try to detect the more or less explicit positionings which can be observed in the novel, and to put them into the context of those discourses which are turning gradually into hegemonic in the Portuguese society at that time, stablishing – provided that it is possible– connections with other works and authors of the same period.
This article offers the edition and toponymic inventory of the Latin and Galician-Portuguese docu... more This article offers the edition and toponymic inventory of the Latin and Galician-Portuguese documentation after the compilation of the "Tombo de Toxos Outos" (co. Lousame, A Coruna, Galicia), which was finished at the end of 13th century (around 1289), while Sancho Eanes was the abbot. The documentation that we have collected in this paper would have been integrated in different areas of the cartulary by several scribes since the last decade of 13th century and during the first half of the following century.
http://ilg.usc.es/ P. Martínez Lema / R. Dourado Fernández / C. Osorio Peláez (2010): “Un novo re... more http://ilg.usc.es/ P. Martínez Lema / R. Dourado Fernández / C. Osorio Peláez (2010): “Un novo recurso para os estudos toponomásticos: O Inventario Toponímico da Galicia Medieval (ITGM)”, en X. Sousa Fernández (ed.): Toponimia e cartografía. Santiago de Compostela: Consello da Cultura Galega / Instituto da Lingua Galega, 239-263. __________________________________________________________________________
A Tool for Toponym Recognition in Medieval Documents
This paper (in Portuguese) describes a met... more A Tool for Toponym Recognition in Medieval Documents
This paper (in Portuguese) describes a method to build a tool aimed at recognizing geographical named entities in medieval texts. The new tool has been developed using the corresponding modules for contemporary languages contained in Linguakit, a suite of NLP tools. A collection of manually annotated corpora served as a resource to build a gazetteer of medieval toponyms and find patterns to improve and implement new rules for the recognition of place names. In addition to the gazetteer, a list of triggers was the most determinant factor to improve recall. Final adjustments considered the most frequent terms of the lexicon and grammatical contexts for geographical named entities. In the process of building a model of medieval language and a specific lexicon, the available tool can already be used to annotate texts and shows a significant improvement when compared with previous modules. However, most work remains to be done in terms of adding specific gazetteers for entities other than geographical.
Este artigo apresenta o método de construção duma ferramenta para a anotação de entidades geográficas mencionadas em textos medievais. A nova ferramenta foi desenvolvida a partir dos módulos de língua contemporânea do Linguakit, pacote multilingue de ferramentas de PLN. Uma coleção de corpora anotados manualmente serviu de recurso para elaborar uma lista de topónimos medievais (gazetteers) e observar padrões para a melhora e implementação de novas regras de reconhecimento dos nomes de lugar. Depois da lista de entidades geográficas, os ativadores contextuais (triggers) foram o recurso determinante na melhora da abrangência. Para o produto final, fizeram-se também ajustes menores na procura de recolher os elementos mais comuns do léxico e os contextos gramaticais das entidades geográficas mencionadas. Ainda que muito trabalho fica por fazer na elaboração de listas para entidades não geográficas, na construção dum modelo de língua medieval e um lexicon específico, o novo módulo pode ser utilizado para anotar textos e mostra uma melhora significativa a respeito dos módulos previamente existentes.
In this paper we propose the analysis of some Galician and Portuguese toponyms based on medieval ... more In this paper we propose the analysis of some Galician and Portuguese toponyms based on medieval demonyms which, in turn, refer to different Galician terras and commissos and which, therefore , clarify some questions related to the colonization process of the land on the south side of the River Minho in the 9th and 10th centuries.
The chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly b... more The chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly back to the 12th century which concerns the process of constitution of the land patrimony of the Benedictine abbey located on the Galician-Portuguese border. This documentary source offers several interesting aspects for linguistic research. In particular, it is worth highlighting the fact that this source contains some of the earliest records (or even, in some cases, the only ones) available for the analysis of a significant number of place-names in the extensive geographic area (the Portuguese Minho land as well as the southern and southwestern regions of Galicia) in which the monastery had a greater number of properties. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore this line of research, by collecting the records in the chartulary for a micro-corpus of four place-names (one being Portuguese and three Galician) and by using them to identify both their etymon and their formal and semantic evolution. Moreover, we will establish, when necessary, their possible relations with other toponymic items, finally analyzing certain dynamics and phenomena (essentially phonetic ones). Their research interest stems from their relatively rare nature in the context of Galician-Portuguese toponymy.
The chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly b... more The chartulary of the Monastery of Santa Maria de Fiães consists of documentation dating mostly back to the 12th century which concerns the process of constitution of the land patrimony of the Benedictine abbey located on the Galician-Portuguese border. This documentary source offers several interesting aspects for linguistic research. In particular, it is worth highlighting the fact that this source contains some of the earliest records (or even, in some cases, the only ones) available for the analysis of a significant number of place-names in the extensive geographic area (the Portuguese Minho land as well as the southern and southwestern regions of Galicia) in which the monastery had a greater number of properties. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore this line of research, by collecting the records in the chartulary for a micro-corpus of four place-names (one being Portuguese and three Galician) and by using them to identify both their etymon and their formal and semantic evolution. Moreover, we will establish, when necessary, their possible relations with other toponymic items, finally analyzing certain dynamics and phenomena (essentially phonetic ones). Their research interest stems from their relatively rare nature in the context of Galician-Portuguese toponymy.
In this contribution, we will examine the noun "mazarico" ‘curlew’ and its presence in Galician p... more In this contribution, we will examine the noun "mazarico" ‘curlew’ and its presence in Galician personal and geographical onomastics. After noting the presence of this noun and its formal variants in Galician-Portuguese, Castilian and Astur-Leonese, we will look to medieval sources for data pertinent to a reconstruction of the term’s earliest form and trace its use first as an anthroponym and subsequently as a place name. The paper concludes with a brief review of the presence in toponymy of "mazarico" and other names for the curlew (particularly "zarapico" and its variants).
This paper will draw an overview of the history of onomastic
studies developed in Galicia, adopti... more This paper will draw an overview of the history of onomastic studies developed in Galicia, adopting for this purpose a linear chronological criterion. The journey through the historical periods prior to the configuration of onomastics as a scientific discipline will highlight the essential approaches of Sarmiento to the matter. This study will review the contributions made in more recent times by different researchers who, with varying philological training, contributed to a better knowledge of the Galician toponymical and anthroponomical system. Finally, we will complete our journey with an appreciation of the most current works, both individual and those that are being developed under different research projects (primarily but not exclusively in universities).
As nowadays, much of the anthroponymic repertoire reflected in medieval documentsis based on the ... more As nowadays, much of the anthroponymic repertoire reflected in medieval documentsis based on the common vocabulary of the language. Therefore, one of the main access roads of Romanesque quotidian lexicon to the texts will be its implementation as nicknames, many of which have survived to remain as personal names. This evidence opens the possibility to establish some methodological links between anthroponymy and historical lexicography. Some of these connections are explored in this paper, which will be focused on the Galician-Portuguese linguistic area and its medieval textual production.
The article at hand provides a philological edition and toponymy study of the Ro-mance documents ... more The article at hand provides a philological edition and toponymy study of the Ro-mance documents which form part of the Tombo de Toxos Outos (Lousame, A Coruña). From a linguistic and textual criticism point of view, the interest lies in the phonographic particularities of the vernacular diplomas present in the original anthology of the Tombo (years 1271-1283). Along other lines, the analysis of the toponymy material provides relative information on the autonomous or legal character of the forms extracted, on their geographical representativeness, on the establishing of referential typologies involved, and on the relationship of sign/referent.
Resumo: O presente artigo recolle a edición interpretativa e estudo toponomástico da documen-tación romance integrada no tombo de Toxos Outos (Lousame, A Coruña). Desde o punto de vista ecdótico-lingüístico, o interese radica nas particularidades fonográficas dos diplomas ver-náculos presentes na escolma orixinal do tombo (aa. 1271-1283). Por outra banda, a análise do material toponímico achega información relativa ao carácter autónomo ou constitutivo das for-mas extraídas, á súa representatividade xeográfica, ao estabelecemento de tipoloxías referen-ciais implicadas e á relación signo / referente.
Medieval Galician language was specially used in the notarial prose since 13th century. One of th... more Medieval Galician language was specially used in the notarial prose since 13th century. One of the most cultivated genres were the foral contracts, by means of which some properties were ceded by an institution to an individual in exchange for some kind of rent. In this paper we analyze14 monastic texts from the central and southern Galician regions and we try to prove that foral contracts have several linguistic features that define them as a coherent textual type into ancient Galician notarial tradition. Those features concern to textual disposition, lexical selections and syntactical structures, and they are probably connected whit some kind of " dialectal variation " .
In this paper, we try to approach the cultural, social, religious and moral values contained in A... more In this paper, we try to approach the cultural, social, religious and moral values contained in As Pupilas do Senhor Reitor, a novel by Portuguese writer Júlio Dinis (Porto, 1839-1871). In order of that, we have selected some fields and issues whose presence in the text becomes specially prominent, because of their decisive importance in the tale as well as because they are representative of the 19th century society, immersed in deep changes: we are referring to the impact of urban culture in rural world, the treatment of the woman, the experience of the religious fact and the question of the social mobility. In this way, we try to detect the more or less explicit positionings which can be observed in the novel, and to put them into the context of those discourses which are turning gradually into hegemonic in the Portuguese society at that time, stablishing – provided that it is possible– connections with other works and authors of the same period.
Enquanto disciplina focada no estudo sistemático e científico dos nomes de lugar de um determinad... more Enquanto disciplina focada no estudo sistemático e científico dos nomes de lugar de um determinado território e/ou área linguística, a toponomástica costuma envolver uma certa perspetiva diacrónica. Este aspeto pode ser comprovado com facilidade naqueles autores e contributos mais clássicos ou tradicionais, muito voltados para a dimensão eti-mológica da toponímia, quer dizer, para a identificação da forma linguística da qual o topónimo deriva, a sua atribuição a um estrato linguístico mais ou menos bem definido e, com certeza, a reconstrução do processo de evolução formal experimentado pelo étimo até ao período histórico escolhido como termo ad quem do estudo (e que, já agora, costuma vir a coincidir com os tempos atuais).
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This paper (in Portuguese) describes a method to build a tool aimed at recognizing geographical named entities in medieval texts. The new tool has been developed using the corresponding modules for contemporary languages contained in Linguakit, a suite of NLP tools. A collection of manually annotated corpora served as a resource to build a gazetteer of medieval toponyms and find patterns to improve and implement new rules for the recognition of place names. In addition to the gazetteer, a list of triggers was the most determinant factor to improve recall. Final adjustments considered the most frequent terms of the lexicon and grammatical contexts for geographical named entities. In the process of building a model of medieval language and a specific lexicon, the available tool can already be used to annotate texts and shows a significant improvement when compared with previous modules. However, most work remains to be done in terms of adding specific gazetteers for entities other than geographical.
Este artigo apresenta o método de construção duma ferramenta para a anotação de entidades geográficas mencionadas em textos medievais. A nova ferramenta foi desenvolvida a partir dos módulos de língua contemporânea do Linguakit, pacote multilingue de ferramentas de PLN. Uma coleção de corpora anotados manualmente serviu de recurso para elaborar uma lista de topónimos medievais (gazetteers) e observar padrões para a melhora e implementação de novas regras de reconhecimento dos nomes de lugar. Depois da lista de entidades geográficas, os ativadores contextuais (triggers) foram o recurso determinante na melhora da abrangência. Para o produto final, fizeram-se também ajustes menores na procura de recolher os elementos mais comuns do léxico e os contextos gramaticais das entidades geográficas mencionadas. Ainda que muito trabalho fica por fazer na elaboração de listas para entidades não geográficas, na construção dum modelo de língua medieval e um lexicon específico, o novo módulo pode ser utilizado para anotar textos e mostra uma melhora significativa a respeito dos módulos previamente existentes.
geographical onomastics. After noting the presence
of this noun and its formal variants in Galician-Portuguese, Castilian and Astur-Leonese, we will look to medieval sources for data pertinent to a reconstruction
of the term’s earliest form and trace its use first as an
anthroponym and subsequently as a place name. The paper concludes with a brief review of the presence in toponymy of "mazarico" and other names for the curlew (particularly "zarapico" and its variants).
studies developed in Galicia, adopting for this purpose
a linear chronological criterion. The journey through the
historical periods prior to the configuration of onomastics
as a scientific discipline will highlight the essential approaches
of Sarmiento to the matter. This study will review
the contributions made in more recent times by different
researchers who, with varying philological training, contributed
to a better knowledge of the Galician toponymical
and anthroponomical system. Finally, we will complete
our journey with an appreciation of the most current
works, both individual and those that are being developed
under different research projects (primarily but not exclusively
in universities).
nicknames, many of which have survived to remain as personal names. This evidence opens the possibility to establish some methodological links between anthroponymy and historical lexicography. Some of these connections are explored in this paper, which will be focused on the Galician-Portuguese linguistic area and its medieval textual production.
Keywords: Historical linguistics, Medieval textual criticism, Galician instrumental prose, onomatology, toponymy
Resumo: O presente artigo recolle a edición interpretativa e estudo toponomástico da documen-tación romance integrada no tombo de Toxos Outos (Lousame, A Coruña). Desde o punto de vista ecdótico-lingüístico, o interese radica nas particularidades fonográficas dos diplomas ver-náculos presentes na escolma orixinal do tombo (aa. 1271-1283). Por outra banda, a análise do material toponímico achega información relativa ao carácter autónomo ou constitutivo das for-mas extraídas, á súa representatividade xeográfica, ao estabelecemento de tipoloxías referen-ciais implicadas e á relación signo / referente.
Palabras chave: Lingüística histórica, ecdótica medieval, prosa instrumental galega, onomás-tica, toponimia
prominent, because of their decisive importance in the tale as well as because they are representative
of the 19th century society, immersed in deep changes: we are referring to the impact of
urban culture in rural world, the treatment of the woman, the experience of the religious fact and
the question of the social mobility. In this way, we try to detect the more or less explicit positionings
which can be observed in the novel, and to put them into the context of those discourses
which are turning gradually into hegemonic in the Portuguese society at that time, stablishing –
provided that it is possible– connections with other works and authors of the same period.
This paper (in Portuguese) describes a method to build a tool aimed at recognizing geographical named entities in medieval texts. The new tool has been developed using the corresponding modules for contemporary languages contained in Linguakit, a suite of NLP tools. A collection of manually annotated corpora served as a resource to build a gazetteer of medieval toponyms and find patterns to improve and implement new rules for the recognition of place names. In addition to the gazetteer, a list of triggers was the most determinant factor to improve recall. Final adjustments considered the most frequent terms of the lexicon and grammatical contexts for geographical named entities. In the process of building a model of medieval language and a specific lexicon, the available tool can already be used to annotate texts and shows a significant improvement when compared with previous modules. However, most work remains to be done in terms of adding specific gazetteers for entities other than geographical.
Este artigo apresenta o método de construção duma ferramenta para a anotação de entidades geográficas mencionadas em textos medievais. A nova ferramenta foi desenvolvida a partir dos módulos de língua contemporânea do Linguakit, pacote multilingue de ferramentas de PLN. Uma coleção de corpora anotados manualmente serviu de recurso para elaborar uma lista de topónimos medievais (gazetteers) e observar padrões para a melhora e implementação de novas regras de reconhecimento dos nomes de lugar. Depois da lista de entidades geográficas, os ativadores contextuais (triggers) foram o recurso determinante na melhora da abrangência. Para o produto final, fizeram-se também ajustes menores na procura de recolher os elementos mais comuns do léxico e os contextos gramaticais das entidades geográficas mencionadas. Ainda que muito trabalho fica por fazer na elaboração de listas para entidades não geográficas, na construção dum modelo de língua medieval e um lexicon específico, o novo módulo pode ser utilizado para anotar textos e mostra uma melhora significativa a respeito dos módulos previamente existentes.
geographical onomastics. After noting the presence
of this noun and its formal variants in Galician-Portuguese, Castilian and Astur-Leonese, we will look to medieval sources for data pertinent to a reconstruction
of the term’s earliest form and trace its use first as an
anthroponym and subsequently as a place name. The paper concludes with a brief review of the presence in toponymy of "mazarico" and other names for the curlew (particularly "zarapico" and its variants).
studies developed in Galicia, adopting for this purpose
a linear chronological criterion. The journey through the
historical periods prior to the configuration of onomastics
as a scientific discipline will highlight the essential approaches
of Sarmiento to the matter. This study will review
the contributions made in more recent times by different
researchers who, with varying philological training, contributed
to a better knowledge of the Galician toponymical
and anthroponomical system. Finally, we will complete
our journey with an appreciation of the most current
works, both individual and those that are being developed
under different research projects (primarily but not exclusively
in universities).
nicknames, many of which have survived to remain as personal names. This evidence opens the possibility to establish some methodological links between anthroponymy and historical lexicography. Some of these connections are explored in this paper, which will be focused on the Galician-Portuguese linguistic area and its medieval textual production.
Keywords: Historical linguistics, Medieval textual criticism, Galician instrumental prose, onomatology, toponymy
Resumo: O presente artigo recolle a edición interpretativa e estudo toponomástico da documen-tación romance integrada no tombo de Toxos Outos (Lousame, A Coruña). Desde o punto de vista ecdótico-lingüístico, o interese radica nas particularidades fonográficas dos diplomas ver-náculos presentes na escolma orixinal do tombo (aa. 1271-1283). Por outra banda, a análise do material toponímico achega información relativa ao carácter autónomo ou constitutivo das for-mas extraídas, á súa representatividade xeográfica, ao estabelecemento de tipoloxías referen-ciais implicadas e á relación signo / referente.
Palabras chave: Lingüística histórica, ecdótica medieval, prosa instrumental galega, onomás-tica, toponimia
prominent, because of their decisive importance in the tale as well as because they are representative
of the 19th century society, immersed in deep changes: we are referring to the impact of
urban culture in rural world, the treatment of the woman, the experience of the religious fact and
the question of the social mobility. In this way, we try to detect the more or less explicit positionings
which can be observed in the novel, and to put them into the context of those discourses
which are turning gradually into hegemonic in the Portuguese society at that time, stablishing –
provided that it is possible– connections with other works and authors of the same period.