The implementation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems depends on technical and socioeconomic assessments. However, most studies do not consider socioeconomic aspects, which could lead to different degrees of RWH implementation and... more
The implementation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems depends on technical and socioeconomic assessments. However, most studies do not consider socioeconomic aspects, which could lead to different degrees of RWH implementation and technology selection due to economic constraints and local regulations. We evaluated the socioeconomic potential for RWH as an alternative for the water supply of 24 southern Brazilian municipalities with less than 50,000 inhabitants. A total of 10,080 RWH configurations were assessed and a reliability analysis was carried out to define the RWH system configurations potentially implementable (RWH+) in each municipality. RWH economic benefits were estimated from a social point of view, based on the reduction of the monthly water payment. Overall, RWH+ supplying higher demands with higher economics savings were feasible, as expected. However, several municipalities that showed RWH+ supplying 100% of the domestic water demands obtained lower economic savin...
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Transient flows in stormwater systems can lead to damaging and dangerous operational conditions, as exemplified by geysering events created by the uncontrolled release of entrapped air pockets. Extreme rain and associated rapid inflows... more
Transient flows in stormwater systems can lead to damaging and dangerous operational conditions, as exemplified by geysering events created by the uncontrolled release of entrapped air pockets. Extreme rain and associated rapid inflows may result in air pocket entrapment, which causes significant changes in flow conditions and potentially geysering. Stormwater geysers have been studied in different experimental and numerical modeling studies, as well as from limited data gathered within real systems. However, there is still no complete understanding of geysering events, as stormwater system geometries vary considerably. Most past studies involved releasing air from an intermediate shaft, in which a significant fraction of the entrapped air may bypass the release. This work advances the understanding of geysering by considering uncontrolled air release through an upstream shaft or manhole. In such cases, the entire air pocket is released upon reaching the shaft, worsening the occurre...
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O aproveitamento de água de chuva gera volumes de esgoto cloacal lançados na rede pública, cujos custos de destinação e tratamento não são contabilizados pelo sistema de tarifação de esgoto, geralmente adotado no Brasil, uma vez que esta... more
O aproveitamento de água de chuva gera volumes de esgoto cloacal lançados na rede pública, cujos custos de destinação e tratamento não são contabilizados pelo sistema de tarifação de esgoto, geralmente adotado no Brasil, uma vez que esta cobrança é realizada com base no volume de água tratada que é fornecida. Esta situação tem causado rejeição, por parte das companhias de saneamento, ao incentivo de Sistemas de Captação e Aproveitamento de Água de Chuva (SCAAC), embora sejam conhecidas as vantagens da adoção desta prática. Neste sentido, este artigo apresenta uma proposta metodológica para estimar o volume de esgoto gerado em SCAAC, baseada nas características do próprio sistema de aproveitamento de água de chuva e indexado ao volume de água tratada medido no hidrômetro da unidade consumidora. Para elucidar o emprego da metodologia, são apresentados dois exemplos de aplicação, onde são discutidos os resultados para sistemas com diferentes características de eficiência e de capacidad...
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Como nem sempre encontramos dados observados que permitam a obtenção da vazão máxima para o dimensionamento de obras hidráulicas de drenagem, é necessário utilizar métodos hidrológicos que representem os principais processos da... more
Como nem sempre encontramos dados observados que permitam a obtenção da vazão máxima para o dimensionamento de obras hidráulicas de drenagem, é necessário utilizar métodos hidrológicos que representem os principais processos da transformação da precipitação em vazão. O presente artigo apresenta a comparação entre o dimensionamento hidráulico de estruturas de drenagem de um trecho de rodovia, utilizando para obtenção das vazões de projeto o Método Racional e o Hidrograma Unitário Sintético (HUS) combinado com o método do Curve Number (CN), estabelecido pelo Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Verificou-se que a economia obtida com o dimensionamento das estruturas segundo os métodos do SCS seria, em média, superior a 60% em relação ao uso do Método Racional. Também discute-se como podem ser utilizadas ferramentas de geoprocessamento na aplicação das metodologias citadas, destacando as vantagens encontradas nesse processo.The engineer frequently has not observed flow data, allowing the co...
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RESUME Les défis pour une gestion durable des eaux pluviales urbaines dans les pays en dévéloppement sont considérables par rapport aux pays dévéloppés. Cet article utilise l´exemple de la ville de Porto Alegre pour analiser cette... more
RESUME Les défis pour une gestion durable des eaux pluviales urbaines dans les pays en dévéloppement sont considérables par rapport aux pays dévéloppés. Cet article utilise l´exemple de la ville de Porto Alegre pour analiser cette situation. Les principales difficultés sont ...
Terras úmidas são ecossistemas complexos, responsáveis pela conservação da vida de um grande número de seres vivos. Além do valor ecológico, as terras úmidas desempenham importantes funções como o fornecimento de água para abastecimento,... more
Terras úmidas são ecossistemas complexos, responsáveis pela conservação da vida de um grande número de seres vivos. Além do valor ecológico, as terras úmidas desempenham importantes funções como o fornecimento de água para abastecimento, manutenção das condições ...
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The production and consumption of cassava (Manihot esculenta) occur in several places worldwide, producing large volumes of waste, mostly in the form of bark. This study sought to bring a new purpose to this biomass through producing... more
The production and consumption of cassava (Manihot esculenta) occur in several places worldwide, producing large volumes of waste, mostly in the form of bark. This study sought to bring a new purpose to this biomass through producing activated carbon to use as an adsorbent to remove the herbicide Diuron from water. It was observed that the carbon contains the functional groups of methyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl in a strongly amorphous structure. The activated carbon had a surface area of 613.7 m2 g−1, a pore volume of 0.337 cm3 g−1, and a pore diameter of 1.18 nm. The Freundlich model was found to best describe the experimental data. It was observed that an increase in temperature favored adsorption, reaching a maximum experimental capacity of 222 mg g−1 at 328 K. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption was spontaneous, favorable, and endothermic. The enthalpy of adsorption magnitude was consistent with physical adsorption. Equilibrium was attained within 120 min. The...
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Traditional rainfall networks have deficiencies in quantitative representation of rainfall over larger or complex areas without an extensive and expensive system, which is normally not available in developing countries such as Brazil. In... more
Traditional rainfall networks have deficiencies in quantitative representation of rainfall over larger or complex areas without an extensive and expensive system, which is normally not available in developing countries such as Brazil. In the city of Porto Alegre, an experimental network of 14 raingauges showed large differences in rainfall throughout the city that were linked to Urban-Induced Rainfall (Silveira, 1997). Due to the lack of other raingauges in the region, TRMM satellite rainfall estimation has been explored to verify the observed patterns and evaluate impacts of spatial heterogeneity. The results have shown statistically significant differences in the maximum precipitation throughout the city, with differences in mean annual precipitation of 100 mm, and 20% differences in the maximum daily rainfall ever registered, confirming previous results, but have also shown regional patterns that converge in the city region. From the results, it is clear that TRMM data are a good...
This study presents an analysis of how climate change scenarios may affect environmental conditions of a Brazilian freshwater costal wetland (Taim Wetland). Taim Wetland covers approximately 315 km 2 and has a rich biodiversity.... more
This study presents an analysis of how climate change scenarios may affect environmental conditions of a Brazilian freshwater costal wetland (Taim Wetland). Taim Wetland covers approximately 315 km 2 and has a rich biodiversity. Considering two climate changes emission scenarios and different Atmospheric/Ocean General Circulation Models (AOGCMs), time series of projected temperature and precipitation were estimated by using the delta change approach. These time series were used as input to a pseudo-2D full hydrodynamic cell model, previously calibrated and validated, giving projected water level time series as results. A pattern of increase of water level was observed in both climate change scenarios. The water level time series were also compared to Ideal Water Level requirements established for key local species based on the habitat suitability index (HSI). Through this comparison it was estimated that a great number of key species would be directly affected due to reduction or ev...
The design of urban drainage facilities is normally based on intense rainfall data. This data is usually obtained through the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships or, when they are unavailable, by means of simplified... more
The design of urban drainage facilities is normally based on intense rainfall data. This data is usually obtained through the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) relationships or, when they are unavailable, by means of simplified methodologies such as nested intensities, isozones, or synthetic methods such as those proposed by Bell (1969) and Chen (1983). This paper presents an analysis of the applicability of Bell's (1969) method, with a modification proposed by Back (2009), to estimate intense rainfall in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and its use in microdrainage design. The results show what the modified Bell methodology is able to correctly estimate intense rainfall and flows (estimated by the rational formula) with a duration lower than 2 hours, where average variations were close to 10%. The exceptions were in Espumoso and Santa Vitória do Palmar, where the variation was over 15%, which makes the methodology an adequate option for the design of microdrainage facilities wh...
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In addition to soil losses on hillslopes, unpaved rural roads, especially when poorly designed and maintained, can be a significant contributor to the erosive processes seen at the catchment scale. In areas with deep soils, the solutions... more
In addition to soil losses on hillslopes, unpaved rural roads, especially when poorly designed and maintained, can be a significant contributor to the erosive processes seen at the catchment scale. In areas with deep soils, the solutions primarily focus on channeling excess surface runoff into settling ponds or terraces. However, few studies have addressed runoff control from roads on steep slopes in areas of shallow soil. Modeling hydrological processes at the catchment scale is a useful strategy for choosing the most effective and least costly conservation practices to control surface runoff. This study applies a mathematical model to a monitored catchment in southern Brazil to better understand the effects of conservation practices on unpaved roads and their impact on the hydrological and erosive dynamics of a small rural catchment. We calibrated the LISEM model using data from eight stormwater events and evaluated how three different road conservation scenarios—low (LI), medium (MI), and high intensity (HI)—contributed to sediment yield (SY), surface runoff volume (Qe), and peak flow (Qp) reduction. The LI and MI scenarios involved installation of hydraulic structures to control the road surface runoff (i.e. road ditch graveling, diversion weirs and grass waterways) while the HI scenario added surface runoff control practices (grass strips) to surrounding crop fields, in addition to the practices included in the MI scenario. Based on these scenarios, the results showed a Qe reduction at the catchment outlet from − 3.5% (LI) to − 22.5% (HI). The Qp and SY varied from + 6.0% (LI) to − 292.5% (HI) and from + 20.0% (LI) to − 963.9% (HI), respectively. These results show that the low- and medium-intensity practices were not effective in controlling surface runoff from roads, based on the Qe, Qb, and SY observed at the catchment’s outlet. On the other hand, when MI scenarios were complemented with practices to control surface runoff in the cultivated areas, a significant reduction in surface runoff (Qe and Qp) and SY was verified.
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<p>The advancement of hydrological knowledge is dependent on observation data (Ex, Blume et al., 2017; Kirchner,... more
<p>The advancement of hydrological knowledge is dependent on observation data (Ex, Blume et al., 2017; Kirchner, 2006). Nevertheless, these needs may become financially unviable due to the high costs of monitoring, especially in developing countries with large territorial extensions as Brazil and scarce financial support for this purpose. Thus, it is not difficult to find large areas in Brazil without hydrological monitoring. Alternatively, satellite-based estimations have been explored to supply these deficiencies due to several advantages like measuring spatial variability, being rapidly and generally freely available on the Internet, and maintaining functionality even during catastrophic situations that can damage or temporarily shut down ground networks (e.g., flooding, overland effects of hurricanes). However, even if to calibrate these remote sensing products, the land-based monitoring is needed. In this light, citizen science where many volunteers can monitor more sites than a typical research team can be an interesting means of creating this information (Buytaert et al., 2014), although even for these volunteers, the cost could be a problem. In this perspective, we present here a low-cost framework developed and field-tested for monitoring hydrological variables (precipitation, humidity, temperature, barometric pressure, and water level) based on the Arduino Platform. The monitoring-set could be self-constructed by volunteers or distributed as assembly kits that, apart from providing reliable measures of the hydrological variables at a very low cost, can boost interest in monitoring and science. Reliability and quality tests showed that measures gathered with the developed monitoring-set are within commercial standards. However, as the Arduino Platform is open, which facilitates its application and diminish the costs, special care with the suppliers should be taken, as not all follow the same quality standards.</p>
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A água subterrânea, embora possa estar protegida pelo meio natural, também pode ser contaminada, especialmente em razão de aterros sanitários, despejos industriais e domésticos, atividades agrícolas e minerais, entre outras. Nesse... more
A água subterrânea, embora possa estar protegida pelo meio natural, também pode ser contaminada, especialmente em razão de aterros sanitários, despejos industriais e domésticos, atividades agrícolas e minerais, entre outras. Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a susceptibilidade à contaminação das águas subterrâneas no município de Ijuí no oeste do Rio Grande do Sul utilizando-se do método IS (índice de susceptibilidade) frente às áreas de preservação permanente hídricas (APPh). A susceptibilidade foi determinada a partir do método IS, que avalia os parâmetros de recarga, profundidade do nível freático, declividade, material do aquífero e uso do solo. Devido à importância das APPh na recarga do aquífero, estas foram identificadas e analisadas com especial interesse. O índice de susceptibilidade indicou que 0,36% da área total do município apresentou susceptibilidade classificada como muito baixa, 11,22% como baixa, 50,12% de moderada à baixa, 37,97% de moderada à a...
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O Banhado do Taim, importante área úmida no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, ocupa cerca de 53% da área total da Estação Ecológica do Taim, uma unidade de conservação federal. Sua bacia de contribuição, tem seus usos compartilhados,... more
O Banhado do Taim, importante área úmida no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, ocupa cerca de 53% da área total da Estação Ecológica do Taim, uma unidade de conservação federal. Sua bacia de contribuição, tem seus usos compartilhados, principalmente entre conservação da biodiversidade e irrigação. Esta última atividade altera o regime hidrológico do Banhado, característica fundamental para a manutenção da biodiversidade local. O presente trabalho avaliou, por meio de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e Geoprocessamento, a influência das condições hidrológicas na dinâmica de Macrófitas Aquáticas Emergentes (MAE) no banhado. Para isto, foram selecionadas três espécies de MAE, Z. bonariensis, S. californicus e S. giganteus, consideradas indicadores biológicos, passiveis de identificação em imagens LANDSAT, e que foram analisadas quanto a sua distribuição em condições hidrológicas de cheia, seca e normal. Os resultados indicam que as MAE S. californicus e Z. bonariensis são mais vulneráveis a con...
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RESUMO A eco-hidrologia busca integrar os conhecimentos da hidrologia aos da ecologia, criando uma abordagem mais ampla para a compreensão da dinâmica dos recursos hídricos, facilitando o planejamento e as ações de programas de gestão.... more
RESUMO A eco-hidrologia busca integrar os conhecimentos da hidrologia aos da ecologia, criando uma abordagem mais ampla para a compreensão da dinâmica dos recursos hídricos, facilitando o planejamento e as ações de programas de gestão. Uma das formas de integrar hidrologia à ecologia é por meio da elaboração de índices de adequabilidade de hábitat (IAHs), processo que tem se destacado por fornecer informações relevantes sobre áreas úmidas. O IAH é obtido pela relação entre as informações sobre espécies bioindicadoras e as condições eco-hidrológicas necessárias à sua sobrevivência, permitindo a avaliação de impactos sobre as espécies. O desenvolvimento de IAHs, integrados a processos de modelagem hidrodinâmica e sistemas de informação geográfica (SIGs), proporciona a obtenção de imagens de adequabilidade de hábitat, que permitem obter informações espacializadas sobre a qualidade do hábitat de determinada espécie, ou grupo de espécies, colaborando para o aperfeiçoamento das estratégia...
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RESUMO O conhecimento das relações entre intensidade, duração e frequência (relação IDF) das chuvas intensas é de enorme importância para o projeto de obras na Engenharia. No entanto, a disponibilidade desses dados é limitada no Brasil.... more
RESUMO O conhecimento das relações entre intensidade, duração e frequência (relação IDF) das chuvas intensas é de enorme importância para o projeto de obras na Engenharia. No entanto, a disponibilidade desses dados é limitada no Brasil. Dessa forma, com a necessidade de estimar informações nos locais sem dados, o engenheiro Taborga Torrico, em 1974, propôs oito regiões brasileiras com condições microclimáticas homogêneas (isozonas), dentro das quais o comportamento das chuvas intensas é semelhante, sugerindo ainda valores para a sua estimativa. Na falta de melhores informações, ainda hoje, os valores apresentados no referido estudo são utilizados para diversos projetos da Engenharia. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma nova análise dessas regiões e valores de parâmetros a partir de IDFs atualmente disponíveis. Verificou-se que, de forma geral, as regiões propostas ainda são válidas. No entanto, em diversos locais, os valores propostos apresentam grandes diferenças com relação aos dado...
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Rainwater harvesting generates sewage volumes released to the public network, whose destination and treatment costs are not accounted for by the sewage charging scheme generally adopted in Brazil, since this collection is carried out... more
Rainwater harvesting generates sewage volumes released to the public network, whose destination and treatment costs are not accounted for by the sewage charging scheme generally adopted in Brazil, since this collection is carried out based on the volume of potable water supplied, although the advantages of its use are known. This paper proposes a methodology for estimating the volume of sewage generated, based on the characteristics of the rainwater harvesting system and indexed by the volume of treated water measured in the meter of the consumer unit. Two examples with distinct features (efficiency and service capacity) are presented and discussed to elucidate the use of the new methodology. The conclusions indicate that the method to estimate the sewage generated volume by rainwater harvesting is coherent to estimate the volume of sewage generated by the use of rainwater and has immediate practical application since it requires no investment in any additional equipment
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Resumo Neste trabalho é apresentada a avaliação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre a vazão de contribuição à lagoa Magueira, localizada no sul do Brasil, com base em projeções de precipitação de vinte Modelos Climáticos Globais... more
Resumo Neste trabalho é apresentada a avaliação dos impactos das mudanças climáticas sobre a vazão de contribuição à lagoa Magueira, localizada no sul do Brasil, com base em projeções de precipitação de vinte Modelos Climáticos Globais (MCGs) que alimentam o modelo hidrológico IPH II. As projeções foram baseadas em dois cenários de mudanças climáticas definidos pelo IPCC que estabelecem as forçantes para que os MCGs estimem o clima futuro: A2, caracterizado pelas altas emissões e B2, caracterizado pelas baixas emissões. O MAGICC/ScenGen foi utilizado para obter as projeções de anomalias mensais de precipitação nos cenários A2/B2 em períodos futuros centrados em 2030 e 2070. As séries temporais de precipitação projetadas foram estimadas usando o método delta change. Os resultados em termos de vazão média anual mostraram que o valor médio das anomalias no horizonte próximo é parecido em ambos cenários, sendo igual a +2,86%(A2) e +2,48%(B2). Este valor aumentou no horizonte longo, com ...
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On the race for sustainable development, the lack of methods for achieving it is remarkable. In this paper, we discuss how eco-hydrology may guide watersheds management towards sustainability based on the evaluation of three different... more
On the race for sustainable development, the lack of methods for achieving it is remarkable. In this paper, we discuss how eco-hydrology may guide watersheds management towards sustainability based on the evaluation of three different realities: dam cascades and ...
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Resumo Muitos municípios brasileiros possuem legislação específica voltada para o manejo das águas pluviais no meio urbano, tendo como principal objetivo a redução do escoamento superficial. Entre as medidas promovidas se encontra a... more
Resumo Muitos municípios brasileiros possuem legislação específica voltada para o manejo das águas pluviais no meio urbano, tendo como principal objetivo a redução do escoamento superficial. Entre as medidas promovidas se encontra a obrigatoriedade de implantação de diferentes dispositivos nos lotes que funcionem armazenando ou infiltrando o excesso do escoamento superficial causado pela urbanização, de forma a compensar o impacto desta. Esse tipo de prática é conhecido como técnica compensatória (TC). Diante das diferentes TC que podem ser escolhidas, neste artigo são apresentadas as preferências e principais percepções da população de três diferentes estratos socioeconômicos a respeito das TCs. O estudo foi conduzido na cidade de Santa Maria, RS, que como outros municípios brasileiros de médio porte, ainda deverá adotar algum tipo de política pública voltada para a gestão das águas pluviais no meio urbano. Foram entrevistadas 518 residências em bairros representativos da baixa cla...
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Resumo O dimensionamento de estruturas da drenagem pluvial urbana é realizado, normalmente, a partir de dados de chuvas intensas. Essas informações comumente são obtidas por meio das relações intensidade-duração-frequência (IDF), ou na... more
Resumo O dimensionamento de estruturas da drenagem pluvial urbana é realizado, normalmente, a partir de dados de chuvas intensas. Essas informações comumente são obtidas por meio das relações intensidade-duração-frequência (IDF), ou na indisponibilidade destas, mediante metodologias simplificadas, tais como as relações entre durações, isozonas de chuvas, ou métodos sintéticos tais como os propostos por Bell (1969) e Chen (1983). Neste artigo é apresentada uma análise da aplicabilidade do método sugerido por Bell, com uma modificação (BACK, 2009), para estimativa de chuvas intensas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul a partir de informações de chuva diárias, e o uso destas para a determinação de vazões utilizadas no dimensionamento de obras de microdrenagem. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia de Bell e a modificada segundo Back (2009) estimaram corretamente as chuvas intensas e as vazões de microdrenagem (por sua vez estimadas a partir do método racional) para durações inferiores a...
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RESUMO: Como nem sempre encontramos dados observados que permitam a obtenção da vazão máxima para o dimensionamento de obras hidráulicas de drenagem, é necessário utilizar métodos hidrológicos que representem os principais processos da... more
RESUMO: Como nem sempre encontramos dados observados que permitam a obtenção da vazão máxima para o dimensionamento de obras hidráulicas de drenagem, é necessário utilizar métodos hidrológicos que representem os principais processos da transformação da precipitação em vazão. O presente artigo apresenta a comparação entre o dimensionamento hidráulico de estruturas de drenagem de um trecho de rodovia, utilizando para obtenção das vazões de projeto o Método Racional e o Hidrograma Unitário Sintético (HUS) combinado com o método do Curve Number (CN), estabelecido pelo Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Verificou-se que a economia obtida com o dimensionamento das estruturas segundo os métodos do SCS seria, em média, superior a 60% em relação ao uso do Método Racional. Também discute-se como podem ser utilizadas ferramentas de geoprocessamento na aplicação das metodologias citadas, destacando as vantagens encontradas nesse processo. ABSTRACT: The engineer frequently has not observed flow da...
A Politica Nacional de Residuos Solidos foi aprovada em 2010 (Lei 12305/2010), todavia, a disposicao final de residuos solidos domesticos ainda e um problema em diversos municipios no pais. Alem disso, o aumento do poder aquisitivo da... more
A Politica Nacional de Residuos Solidos foi aprovada em 2010 (Lei 12305/2010), todavia, a disposicao final de residuos solidos domesticos ainda e um problema em diversos municipios no pais. Alem disso, o aumento do poder aquisitivo da populacao brasileira, e o consequente descarte de embalagens exigem a ampliacao dos aterros sanitarios, ou mesmo a criacao de novos locais de descarte, visto que a pratica da reciclagem nao e valorizada ou obrigatoria ao poder publico, e os locais de destinacao final armazenam muito alem de rejeitos. Produtos embalados em caixas cartonadas tipo Tetra Pak® (ou Longa Vida) sao muito comuns nos habitos de consumo dos brasileiros, logo, o descarte desse material e constante. As caixas Tetra Pak® sao formadas por camadas de diferentes materiais, dificultando seu processo de reciclagem. Visando reaproveita-las, este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho de embalagens Tetra Pak®, como forma de suporte estrutural para telhados verdes modulares. Para isso, um p...
In this study a long-term field experiment evaluating evapotranspiration rates from irrigated and non-irrigated green roof modules, as well their impacts on stormwater control was accomplished. Six green roof modules (3 irrigated and 3... more
In this study a long-term field experiment evaluating evapotranspiration rates from irrigated and non-irrigated green roof modules, as well their impacts on stormwater control was accomplished. Six green roof modules (3 irrigated and 3 non-irrigated) vegetated with S. rupestre were monitored throughout 8 months in southern Brazil. Four non-vegetated modules (2 irrigated and 2 non-irrigated) were simultaneously assessed to understand the role of the vegetation in the whole process. The average evapotranspiration under water-stress (ETr) was 2.6 mm.day-1, while mean evapotranspiration under water-abundance (ETp) was 2.8 mm.day-1. Higher evapotranspiration rates were observed during summer, increasing the substrate storage capacity, although ETr amount along the seasons was very similar, mainly affected by climatic conditions. The long-term analysis showed that 47% of the total rainfall was converted into runoff, 21% was retained in the green roof modules and 32% was released through e...
Using rainwater harvesting (RWH) system is influenced by socioeconomic, environmental and technical factors. This work presents as analysis of the influence of the rainfall time series characteristics and design criteria on RWH... more
Using rainwater harvesting (RWH) system is influenced by socioeconomic, environmental and technical factors. This work presents as analysis of the influence of the rainfall time series characteristics and design criteria on RWH performance of five Brazilian capitals with different climatic characteristic: Goiânia, João Pessoa, Manaus, Porto Alegre and São Paulo. The analysis combined different rooftop areas, storage volumes and the indoor and outdoor demands. Rainfall temporal discretization and the types of demands were the most important characteristics when assessing RWH reliability. Daily rainfall data were suitable for sizing the RWH, the time series length influenced the sizing of larger storage volumes, and the RWH efficiency was not significantly affected by the first-flush. Toilet flushing and the irrigation demands had the greatest impact on RWH performance. The greatest potentials for the implementation of RWH were observed for Porto Alegre, because of well distributed ra...
The increasing frequency of intense rain events will worsen the operational conditions of stormwater systems, including the frequency in which these systems experience pressurization. Unfortunately, there has been limited research on the... more
The increasing frequency of intense rain events will worsen the operational conditions of stormwater systems, including the frequency in which these systems experience pressurization. Unfortunately, there has been limited research on the issue, particularly the pressurization of junctions in stormwater systems that are subject to rapid filling. Past research provided valuable insights on flows in junctions operating either on pressurized or open-channel flow conditions, but did not focus on the transition between these two flow regimes. This work summarizes the results of an experimental investigation that focused on describing the pressurization processes in a junction undergoing rapid filling. The experimental program considered a total of 67 unique combinations, with variables including different slopes of the upstream and lateral pipes, as well as different inflow rates in each one of these conduits. Fast blockage of the flow led to the pressurization process, that was character...
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Sediment yield in river catchments can cause siltation of reservoirs and channels, carries contaminants adhered to sediment particles, and represents water erosion at the catchment scale, leading to decreased agricultural productivity.... more
Sediment yield in river catchments can cause siltation of reservoirs and channels, carries contaminants adhered to sediment particles, and represents water erosion at the catchment scale, leading to decreased agricultural productivity. Hydrological monitoring enables the understanding of overland flow and soil erosion dynamics. In this study, we analyzed whether the relationship between precipitation (P), water flow (Q), and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) during rainfall events shows the usefulness of hydrological and sedimentological monitoring in soil and water conservation projects to river catchments. We conducted a study in the Lajeado Ferreira catchment in southern Brazil. This catchment is characterized by high soil fragility and erosion rates because of relief and intense tobacco cultivation. The small size of the catchment (120 ha) allowed a better understanding of the processes that occurred between hillslope and watercourses. We analyzed 43 rainfall-runoff events (P-Q), and we selected characteristic variables of each event and related them to independent variables (climate, land use, and soil management) and their seasonality using regression techniques. We also conducted a hysteresis analysis to understand the behavior of SSC in relation to runoff. The results showed a high relation of sediment yield (SY) with maximum water flow of the event (Qmax), and linear regression models showed the best performance between characteristic variables. In addition, the seasonal variability of the land coverage presented greater influence on the SY than the precipitation itself.
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In this paper we synthesize the special sessions of the XXIII Brazilian Water Resources Symposium 2019 in order to understand the major advances and challenges in the water sciences in Brazil. We analyzed more than 250 papers and... more
In this paper we synthesize the special sessions of the XXIII Brazilian Water Resources Symposium 2019 in order to understand the major advances and challenges in the water sciences in Brazil. We analyzed more than 250 papers and presentations of 16 special sessions covering topics of Climate Variability and Change, Disasters, Modeling, Large Scale Hydrology, Remote Sensing, Education, and Water Resources Management. This exercise highlighted the unique diversity of natural and human water features in Brazil, that offers a great opportunity for understanding coupled hydrological and societal systems. Most contributions were related to methods and the quantification of water phenomena, therefore, there is a clear necessity for fostering more research on phenomena comprehension. There is a vast network of co-authorship among institutions but mostly from academia and with some degree of regional fragmentation. The ABRhidro community now has the challenge to enhance its collaboration ne...