Ralph Lee

-Baseline data on chicken population, productivity, housebandry, feeding, breeding, health care, marketing and constraints in four peasant associations in Ambo Wereda by Fikre Abera (Ambo College of Agriculture, Ambo (Ethiopia))(2001) in English

This article traces the history of twentieth-century Ethiopian Orthodox student movements formed in response to modernity, especially the influential Maḫbärä Qəddusan, ‘Association of Saints’, established in 1991 when Ethiopia's Communist regime fell. It explores parallels in Egyptian and Indian miaphysite Churches; balances the prevailing narrative of explosive Pentecostal growth which has obscured the influence of such movements; provides insight into networks that have stimulated renewal and responses to contemporary challenges through strong engagement with traditional literary and intellectual heritage; and explores training and publications promoting contemporary reflection on this heritage, the revival of important religious practices and the targeting of influential ecclesiastical and public positions.

The little studied corpus of biblical commentary material in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church includes a commentary on the book of Enoch. The commentary tradition reflects the outlook of seventeenth century Gondar, the then capital of Ethiopia, although it undoubtedly contains much older material. Enoch is an important book in the Ethiopian tradition, with its theology underpinning the interpretation of many other books. This article presents a translation of the commentary on Enoch 6-9, the fallen angels, and the related commentary on Psalm 82 (81):7. The commentary views the fallen angels as holy men who fell into temptation, and reflects the strongly ascetic outlook of Ethiopian Christianity. The commentary on Psalm 82 includes reference to a story found in the Midrash ha-Gadol on Genesis raising the question of the influence of Jewish commentary material on the Ethiopian tradition.

The little-studied corpus of biblical commentary material in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church includes a commentary on the book of Enoch. The commentary tradition reects the outlook of seventeenth-century Gondar, the then capital of Ethiopia, although it undoubtedly contains much older material. Enoch is an important book in the Ethiopian tradition, with its theology underpinning the interpretation of many other books. This article presents a translation of the commentary on Enoch 6–9, the fallen angels, and the related commentary on Ps. 82(81).7. The commentary views the fallen angels as holy men who fell into temptation, and reects the strongly ascetic outlook of Ethiopian Christianity. The commentary on Psalm 82 includes reference to a story found in the Midrash ha-Gadol on Genesis raising the question of the inuence of Jewish commentary material on the Ethiopian tradition.

The little studied corpus of biblical commentary material in the Ethiopian Orthodox Church includes a commentary on the book of Enoch.  The commentary tradition reflects the outlook of seventeenth century Gondar, the then capital of Ethiopia, although it undoubtedly contains much older material.  Enoch is an important book in the Ethiopian tradition, with its theology underpinning the interpretation of many other books.  This article presents a translation of the commentary on Enoch 6-9, the fallen angels, and the related commentary on Psalm 82 (81):7.  The commentary views the fallen angels as holy men who fell into temptation, and reflects the strongly ascetic outlook of Ethiopian Christianity.  The commentary on Psalm 82 includes reference to a story found in the Midrash ha-Gadol on Genesis raising the question of the influence of Jewish commentary material on the Ethiopian tradition.

The palimpsest of Ethiopian Christianity reveals the possible impact and influence of several hands: Judaic, Egyptian, and Syrian. This book investigates the influence of Syrian Christianity upon the trajectory of Ethiopian Christianity, proposing that many of the so-called 'Judaic' practices may have arisen through interaction with Judaeo-Christian Syriac Christianity, rather than from an Old Testament context, exploring Ethiopic and Syrian literary links using Ge'ez, Amharic and Syriac sources to show how Syrian and Ethiopic traditions relate. The symbolic motifs of the Ark and the Cross, as well as the perception of Paradise are explored in Ethiopic hymnody or Deggwa of St Yared, the andemta Bible commentaries, and the national epic, the Kebrä Nägäst, compared with Syriac works of the fourth century Syriac theologian-poet Ephrem, his later devotee Jacob of Serugh, and the earlier Syriac Odes to Solomon. The material common to Ethiopic and Syriac literature demonstrates the complexity of the Judaeo-Christian thought-worlds from which they derived, implying more nuanced influences than have previously been postulated.