Localización: Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, ISSN 0210-3729, Nº Ex... more Localización: Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, ISSN 0210-3729, Nº Extra 11, 2011 (Ejemplar dedicado a: 5th International Meeting of Charcoal Analysis; The charcoal as cultural and biological heritage), págs. 119-120
Quaternary and Environmental Geosciences (2009) 01(1):03-09, 2009
Shell mounds have traditionally been regarded as paleo-sea-level indicators, either by geologists... more Shell mounds have traditionally been regarded as paleo-sea-level indicators, either by geologists as by archaeologists. Several authors have already proposed their use for this purpose. By the 1980’s they were systematically used for constructing sea-level fluctuation curves for the Brazilian coast during the Holocene. These works were based on the premises, common at that time, that sambaquis were mere waste dumps, mollusks were their builders’ dietary basis, and, consequently, the sites were necessarily built close to areas providing an abundant mollusks supply for a long period. None of these presumptions have proven to be true. The knowledge about sambaqui builders significantly increased by the last decades, and now it is recognized that the sites were deliberate constructions, built by sedentary fishers with high demographic parameters and much more complex socio cultural patterns than initially admitted. This paper presents a brief outline of the research on sambaquis and discusses the premises adopted for their use as paleo-sea-level indicators. We argue that shell mounds cannot be summarily discarded as sea-level markers, but this investigation line depends on a deeper integration between coastal Quaternary specialists and the archaeological community.
Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer is a common species that occurs in early and late secondary forests ... more Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer is a common species that occurs in early and late secondary forests of the Pedra Branca Massif, RJ. We used in this study nine transects comprising a total of 1.35 ha. We made an anthracological survey in a 60-ys-old regenerating forest, in a former charcoal kiln (from early twentieth century) using plots of 0.04 m². Depending on its successional age, basal area ranged between 12.3 and 90.1 m²/ha. The anthracological analysis that was made in an area where the species is currently dominant showed that the process of charcoal production that happened about 60 years ago caused a great reduction in the diversity of other species and increased density of G. Guidonia . Its recruitment was only observed in the area of 5 years. It is a pioneer species that rarely germinates in natural gaps. The species has a preference for moist environments (bottom of valleys) and only recruits in full sunlight condition or with the opening of large gaps (such as for charcoal production). The specimens found in areas of late successional stages have decreased density and increased dominance due to former uses of the forest. As a long-aged species (reaching over 150 year
Abstract The Cagarras Archipelago consists in a postcard of Rio de Janeiro, visible from its enti... more Abstract The Cagarras Archipelago consists in a postcard of Rio de Janeiro, visible from its entire coastline. In December, 2011 many prehistoric lithic artifacts, dozens of fragments of pottery have been discovered at Ilha Redonda, besides a remaining specimen of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ), with evidence of having been introduced in the pre-colonial period. This paper aims to examine the potential use of resources of the landscape of the archipelago by pre-colonial populations from the material culture found and the characteristics of the ecosystem. Besides presenting a priceless biological heritage, it consists also in a remarkable source of information about the past of human history in the region.
This paper presents a reconstruction of the Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution in the central... more This paper presents a reconstruction of the Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution in the central São Paulo State (Brazil) based on anthracological analyses, in association with soil isotopic composition (␦ 13 C) and radiocarbon dating from four sites. Anatomical identification of charcoal particles allows the reconstitution of past plant associations, and consequently of the vegetation and climate history. Rather precise interpretations may be achieved when associating anthracology and soil ␦ 13 C analysis. In the early Holocene, climate was dry and an open cerrado vegetation (savanna) covered most of this area. A cerradão (forested savanna) or a semideciduous forest existed in the more humid localities. After 3500/3000 14 C yr BP the climate was more humid, similar to the present, leading to the establishment of forested vegetation in all the studied sites. Comparison of these results with various palaeoenvironmental studies carried out in the Brazilian phytogeographical zone of c...
Despite the great interest shown by archaeologists in the environment of Brazilian fisher–gathere... more Despite the great interest shown by archaeologists in the environment of Brazilian fisher–gatherer–hunter populations and their diet, little is known. Desiccated plant remains are rarely recovered in these archaeological sites, but charcoal, an invaluable source of palaeoenvironmental information, is usually abundant. Six shell-mounds from the southeastern coast of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) were studied. Anthracological analysis of over 15,500 charcoal fragments showed that this region was covered by different plant associations during the Late Holocene, and that no significant variations affected the vegetation during this period. Palaeoethnological observations suggest that the random gathering of dead wood supplied most of the wood fuel used by man. Gathering of plant food was certainly much more important to these populations than it has been previously thought. The great number of carbonized palm fruit shells, seeds and monocotyledon tubers found testifies to their importan...
Localización: Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, ISSN 0210-3729, Nº Ex... more Localización: Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, ISSN 0210-3729, Nº Extra 11, 2011 (Ejemplar dedicado a: 5th International Meeting of Charcoal Analysis; The charcoal as cultural and biological heritage), págs. 119-120
Publikationsansicht. 6430735. Stabilité de l'écosystème sur le littoral sud-est du Brési... more Publikationsansicht. 6430735. Stabilité de l'écosystème sur le littoral sud-est du Brésil à l'holocène supérieur (5500-1400 ans BP) :--les pêcheurs-cueilleurs-chasseurs et le milieu végétal : apports de l'anthracologie /--Rita Scheel-Ybert. (1998). Scheel-Ybert, Rita. Abstract. Th. ...
Localización: Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, ISSN 0210-3729, Nº Ex... more Localización: Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, ISSN 0210-3729, Nº Extra 11, 2011 (Ejemplar dedicado a: 5th International Meeting of Charcoal Analysis; The charcoal as cultural and biological heritage), págs. 119-120
Quaternary and Environmental Geosciences (2009) 01(1):03-09, 2009
Shell mounds have traditionally been regarded as paleo-sea-level indicators, either by geologists... more Shell mounds have traditionally been regarded as paleo-sea-level indicators, either by geologists as by archaeologists. Several authors have already proposed their use for this purpose. By the 1980’s they were systematically used for constructing sea-level fluctuation curves for the Brazilian coast during the Holocene. These works were based on the premises, common at that time, that sambaquis were mere waste dumps, mollusks were their builders’ dietary basis, and, consequently, the sites were necessarily built close to areas providing an abundant mollusks supply for a long period. None of these presumptions have proven to be true. The knowledge about sambaqui builders significantly increased by the last decades, and now it is recognized that the sites were deliberate constructions, built by sedentary fishers with high demographic parameters and much more complex socio cultural patterns than initially admitted. This paper presents a brief outline of the research on sambaquis and discusses the premises adopted for their use as paleo-sea-level indicators. We argue that shell mounds cannot be summarily discarded as sea-level markers, but this investigation line depends on a deeper integration between coastal Quaternary specialists and the archaeological community.
Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer is a common species that occurs in early and late secondary forests ... more Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer is a common species that occurs in early and late secondary forests of the Pedra Branca Massif, RJ. We used in this study nine transects comprising a total of 1.35 ha. We made an anthracological survey in a 60-ys-old regenerating forest, in a former charcoal kiln (from early twentieth century) using plots of 0.04 m². Depending on its successional age, basal area ranged between 12.3 and 90.1 m²/ha. The anthracological analysis that was made in an area where the species is currently dominant showed that the process of charcoal production that happened about 60 years ago caused a great reduction in the diversity of other species and increased density of G. Guidonia . Its recruitment was only observed in the area of 5 years. It is a pioneer species that rarely germinates in natural gaps. The species has a preference for moist environments (bottom of valleys) and only recruits in full sunlight condition or with the opening of large gaps (such as for charcoal production). The specimens found in areas of late successional stages have decreased density and increased dominance due to former uses of the forest. As a long-aged species (reaching over 150 year
Abstract The Cagarras Archipelago consists in a postcard of Rio de Janeiro, visible from its enti... more Abstract The Cagarras Archipelago consists in a postcard of Rio de Janeiro, visible from its entire coastline. In December, 2011 many prehistoric lithic artifacts, dozens of fragments of pottery have been discovered at Ilha Redonda, besides a remaining specimen of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas ), with evidence of having been introduced in the pre-colonial period. This paper aims to examine the potential use of resources of the landscape of the archipelago by pre-colonial populations from the material culture found and the characteristics of the ecosystem. Besides presenting a priceless biological heritage, it consists also in a remarkable source of information about the past of human history in the region.
This paper presents a reconstruction of the Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution in the central... more This paper presents a reconstruction of the Holocene palaeoenvironmental evolution in the central São Paulo State (Brazil) based on anthracological analyses, in association with soil isotopic composition (␦ 13 C) and radiocarbon dating from four sites. Anatomical identification of charcoal particles allows the reconstitution of past plant associations, and consequently of the vegetation and climate history. Rather precise interpretations may be achieved when associating anthracology and soil ␦ 13 C analysis. In the early Holocene, climate was dry and an open cerrado vegetation (savanna) covered most of this area. A cerradão (forested savanna) or a semideciduous forest existed in the more humid localities. After 3500/3000 14 C yr BP the climate was more humid, similar to the present, leading to the establishment of forested vegetation in all the studied sites. Comparison of these results with various palaeoenvironmental studies carried out in the Brazilian phytogeographical zone of c...
Despite the great interest shown by archaeologists in the environment of Brazilian fisher–gathere... more Despite the great interest shown by archaeologists in the environment of Brazilian fisher–gatherer–hunter populations and their diet, little is known. Desiccated plant remains are rarely recovered in these archaeological sites, but charcoal, an invaluable source of palaeoenvironmental information, is usually abundant. Six shell-mounds from the southeastern coast of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) were studied. Anthracological analysis of over 15,500 charcoal fragments showed that this region was covered by different plant associations during the Late Holocene, and that no significant variations affected the vegetation during this period. Palaeoethnological observations suggest that the random gathering of dead wood supplied most of the wood fuel used by man. Gathering of plant food was certainly much more important to these populations than it has been previously thought. The great number of carbonized palm fruit shells, seeds and monocotyledon tubers found testifies to their importan...
Localización: Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, ISSN 0210-3729, Nº Ex... more Localización: Saguntum: Papeles del Laboratorio de Arqueología de Valencia, ISSN 0210-3729, Nº Extra 11, 2011 (Ejemplar dedicado a: 5th International Meeting of Charcoal Analysis; The charcoal as cultural and biological heritage), págs. 119-120
Publikationsansicht. 6430735. Stabilité de l'écosystème sur le littoral sud-est du Brési... more Publikationsansicht. 6430735. Stabilité de l'écosystème sur le littoral sud-est du Brésil à l'holocène supérieur (5500-1400 ans BP) :--les pêcheurs-cueilleurs-chasseurs et le milieu végétal : apports de l'anthracologie /--Rita Scheel-Ybert. (1998). Scheel-Ybert, Rita. Abstract. Th. ...
PDF completo do livro Amazônia Antropogênica, que versa sobre a antropogênese da seleção humana d... more PDF completo do livro Amazônia Antropogênica, que versa sobre a antropogênese da seleção humana das espécies úteis na Amazônia, da antiguidade dessa seleção, seus mecanismos e consequências teóricas. Tudo isto sob a perspectiva da arqueologia.
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