Marissa L. Housman A STUDY OF THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT GAP BETWEEN THE GENDERS 2009/2010 Roberta Dihoff, Ph.D. and John Klanderman, Ph.D. Master of Arts in School Psychology This study seeks to explore the academic achievement gap between... more
Marissa L. Housman A STUDY OF THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT GAP BETWEEN THE GENDERS 2009/2010 Roberta Dihoff, Ph.D. and John Klanderman, Ph.D. Master of Arts in School Psychology This study seeks to explore the academic achievement gap between male and female students by comparing grade point averages across genders. Specifically, the researcher hypothesized that such gap exists and that females would academically surpass their male counterparts in the classroom. Participants consisted of 300 students in grades 5, 8, and 11 from a public school district in suburban New Jersey. Grade point average (GPA) was generated by converting letter grades into numbers (4.0-0.0) and then averaged. A twoway between-groups analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the hypothesis that females have a higher average GPA than males, as a whole (all three grades combined), as well as within each grade itself. The implications of these findings extend past the scope of this article to the educational setting it...
Erica Rell A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PARENTAL STRUCTURE ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 2006/07 Drs. Frank Epifanio & Roberta Dihoff Master of Arts in School Psychology The purpose of this study was to examine the... more
Erica Rell A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF PARENTAL STRUCTURE ON HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS' ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE 2006/07 Drs. Frank Epifanio & Roberta Dihoff Master of Arts in School Psychology The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in the cumulative GPAs and highest combined SAT scores of students from varying backgrounds and parental structures. A total of 83 participants (36 males and 47 females) from a southern New Jersey Catholic high school were surveyed concerning their individual type of parental structure, their cumulative GPA, as well as their highest combined SAT score and individual SAT test scores. Results showed that the interaction between gender and type of parental structure did not have a significant impact on cumulative GPA, on SAT verbal scores, on SAT math scores, on SAT writing scores, or on total combined SAT scores. A correlation matrix was performed to analyze interactions between variables, which yielded no significant relationships between any of...
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Lara Z. Lisnyj DOES PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING, A SPECIFIC SUBTYPE OF DYSLEXIA, IMPACT PERFORMANCE ON INTELLIGENCE TESTING 2005/06 Dr. John Klanderman and Dr. Roberta Dihoff School Psychology The purpose of this study was to examine the... more
Lara Z. Lisnyj DOES PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING, A SPECIFIC SUBTYPE OF DYSLEXIA, IMPACT PERFORMANCE ON INTELLIGENCE TESTING 2005/06 Dr. John Klanderman and Dr. Roberta Dihoff School Psychology The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a specific subtype of dyslexia, namely phonological processing, on performance and the results of ability on IQ testing. Twenty-two records from a learning center in southern New Jersey were used for data in this study. The sample consisted of 12 male and 10 female children's charts. These children were tested at the learning center in 2005. The age range of the sample is six to eleven years-old. There is no identification of any kind in this study. The information used from the charts included: full scale IQ scores from the Weschler Intelligence Test for ChildrenFourth Edition and 3 subtest scores from The Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing. The 3 subtest scores used were: Elision, Rapid Color Naming, and Rapid Object Naming. A...
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between locus of control and birth order. Does your birth position predict your locus of control? Also, if birth order has an effect on the academic achievement of... more
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between locus of control and birth order. Does your birth position predict your locus of control? Also, if birth order has an effect on the academic achievement of college students (n=54). A few subjects were disqualified from the study based on the fact that they were the only child. A demographics survey was designed to determine the academic success based on grade point average. The Rotter’s Locus of Control survey was used to determine the locus of control of the college students. Neither hypothesis investigated yielded the predicted results. This could be due to the small sample recruited by each birth position. Research procedures and future goals are discussed.
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Research Interests: Physiology, Psychology, Psychophysics, Perception, Attention, and 15 moreMedicine, Biological Sciences, Signal Detection Theory, Animals, Male, Gustation, Rats, Rat, Signal Detection, Operant Conditioning, Elsevier, Potassium Chloride, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Maltose, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Research Interests: Psychology, Medicine, Comparative, Biological Sciences, Pregnancy, and 15 moreFemale, Animals, Body Mass Index, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Body Mass, Analysis of Variance, Propylthiouracil, Exploratory Behavior, Congenital Hypothyroidism, Human Subjects, Litter Size, Motor activity, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, and Medical and Health Sciences
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Participants between the ages of 3 and 20 years adjusted the Müller-Lyer illusion and the inverted-T form of the Horizontal-Vertical illusion. Perceptual error was quantified using signal detection and nonparametric measures of... more
Participants between the ages of 3 and 20 years adjusted the Müller-Lyer illusion and the inverted-T form of the Horizontal-Vertical illusion. Perceptual error was quantified using signal detection and nonparametric measures of sensitivity and responsivity. Significant changes in sensitivity and responsivity were found for each illusion across participants' ages. No effect of sex of participant was found. Sensitivity and responsivity were largely asymptotic between the ages of 13 to 15 years for the Müller-Lyer illusion and between the ages of 11 to 15 years for the Horizontal-Vertical illusion.
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The effectiveness of an early intervention program to remediate developmental delays in children age birth to 3 years was examined in part- and full-time groups (Study 1). Significant improvements on age-appropriate measures of... more
The effectiveness of an early intervention program to remediate developmental delays in children age birth to 3 years was examined in part- and full-time groups (Study 1). Significant improvements on age-appropriate measures of developmental standing were observed for both groups, with the greatest gains observed for the full-time group. In Study 2, the stress of parents with developmentally delayed children was measured on the Parental Stress Inventory. Reductions in stress related to children's characteristics and dysfunctional parenting skills were observed on some sub-scales, supporting prior research which indicated extension of the outcomes of early intervention beyond the child was desirable.
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Treatment Outcome, Medicine, Humans, and 13 morePersonality Assessment Inventory, Female, Male, Infant, Developmental disabilities, Perceptual motor skills, Newborn Infant, Parents, Patient Care Team, Cost of Illness, Neuropsychological Tests, Child preschool, and Personality Inventory
The present study examined procedure-specific differences in the acquisition and retention of perceptual learning using four forms of the Horizontal-Vertical illusion. Training to criterion was conducted using intertrial feedback,... more
The present study examined procedure-specific differences in the acquisition and retention of perceptual learning using four forms of the Horizontal-Vertical illusion. Training to criterion was conducted using intertrial feedback, continued visual inspection, or yoked-control procedures. Retention of perceptual learning was assessed at posttraining intervals ranging from 1 minute to 1 month. Subjects trained with feedback achieved criterion in fewer trials and showed greater accuracy and short-term retention of perceptual learning on the inverted-T figure and the 1-in. vertical line-production task. The present results show that the correction of inaccurate strategic factors most likely represents the temporary acquisition of compensatory strategies that facilitate performance on simple perceptual-motor skills tasks.
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The influences of early crawling experience on motor skill development were examined in children identified by parents as crawlers or noncrawlers during early infancy. Relative to the performance of crawlers, noncrawlers showed lower... more
The influences of early crawling experience on motor skill development were examined in children identified by parents as crawlers or noncrawlers during early infancy. Relative to the performance of crawlers, noncrawlers showed lower average and subtest-specific performance on selected measures of the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers. These results, interpreted through Ayres' sensory integration theory and applied to current occupational therapy practices, support Farber's hypothesized importance of early crawling experience in the development of sensory and motor systems of the body and general motor skill development.
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Perceptual error in the Müller-Lyer and the Horizontal-Vertical illusions was quantified using nonparametric signal-detection measures of sensitivity and response bias. Sensitivity scores were positively related to signal strength with... more
Perceptual error in the Müller-Lyer and the Horizontal-Vertical illusions was quantified using nonparametric signal-detection measures of sensitivity and response bias. Sensitivity scores were positively related to signal strength with the greatest values observed for the strongest signals. Sensitivity at each signal strength did not differ between the two illusions. Response-bias scores were inversely related to signal strength, with the most conservative biases observed for the strongest signals. Response biases for each signal strength were significantly more conservative for the Horizontal-Vertical than for the Müller-Lyer illusion.
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Illusion decrement for the Müller-Lyer and Horizontal-Vertical illusions was examined. The experiment consisted of an initial adjustment of an illusion followed by 20 test trials, each with an intervening 60-sec. intertrial interval... more
Illusion decrement for the Müller-Lyer and Horizontal-Vertical illusions was examined. The experiment consisted of an initial adjustment of an illusion followed by 20 test trials, each with an intervening 60-sec. intertrial interval during which a comparator line and a standard line set to equality were visually inspected for 0, 20, 40, or 60 sec. After each intertrial interval the length of the comparator line was reset by the experimenter to either 0 or 90 cm, and subjects then adjusted its length to perceived equality with the standard line (42 cm). Illusion decrement was inversely related to the duration of inspection for each illusion, with significant reductions in magnitude of illusion observed for all groups. These results support prior demonstrations that perceptual learning mechanisms are operative during brief periods of visual inspection, especially when these periods are followed by the opportunity to make repeated adjustments.