Tubarial glands or tubarial salivary glands are recently reported as a pair of macroscopic saliva... more Tubarial glands or tubarial salivary glands are recently reported as a pair of macroscopic salivary glands in the nasopharynx. The remote location of the glands, the rarity of major pathologies involved, and non recognized functional significance might have been the reason for the non-inclusion before. There are about 500-1000 minor salivary glands in the body, and most of them are located in the oral cavity or oropharynx. They are small and embedded in the aero-digestive tract entrance of the head and neck region. Minor salivary glands located in the nasopharynx are relatively less in number and the major pathologies associated with these glands are rare. This review is on the overall current literature of the minor salivary glands and tubarial glands-the new entity in question-along with their potential pathologies. Nasopharyngeal glandular origin diseases were reported in general as case reports or as small series. This brief review is meant to open up interest in these structures, their pathologies and encourage further characterization of diseases of the nasopharynx especially the diseases of salivary gland origin.
Tubarial glands or tubarial salivary glands are recently reported as a pair of macroscopic saliva... more Tubarial glands or tubarial salivary glands are recently reported as a pair of macroscopic salivary glands in the nasopharynx. The remote location of the glands, the rarity of major pathologies involved, and non recognized functional significance might have been the reason for the non-inclusion before. There are about 500-1000 minor salivary glands in the body, and most of them are located in the oral cavity or oropharynx. They are small and embedded in the aero-digestive tract entrance of the head and neck region. Minor salivary glands located in the nasopharynx are relatively less in number and the major pathologies associated with these glands are rare. This review is on the overall current literature of the minor salivary glands and tubarial glands-the new entity in question-along with their potential pathologies. Nasopharyngeal glandular origin diseases were reported in general as case reports or as small series. This brief review is meant to open up interest in these structures, their pathologies and encourage further characterization of diseases of the nasopharynx especially the diseases of salivary gland origin.
International Journal of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, 2020
Introduction: Anencephaly is a relatively common fatal neuro-developmental disorder. Routine pren... more Introduction: Anencephaly is a relatively common fatal neuro-developmental disorder. Routine prenatal screening using ultrasound diagnoses the condition frequently and aid in managing the cases appropriately. Anencephaly is characterized by a severe developmental anomaly of the brain and a defective skull. Amniotic band syndrome is a condition associated with multiple congenital anomalies, which are often a consequence of fibrotic amniotic bands extending from the placenta to the fetus. It is a rare association but can be recognized by first trimester or late obstetric ultrasound. Amniotic band syndrome may be associated with anencephaly and often attributed as a causative factor. Apart from the amniotic band syndrome, many other conditions are associated with amniotic bands and the syndrome may be labeled erroneously if only the bands are taken into consideration. Case: A 27-year-old, G2P1 lady at 12 weeks and 2 days gestational age came for a routine ultrasound evaluation. The fetus was found to have a deformity of the head characteristic of anencephaly sequence. Multiple fibrotic bands were seen in the amniotic cavity extending from the placenta towards the fetus side, suspicious of amniotic band syndrome. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated on the patient's request. Conclusion: The association of anencephaly and amniotic band syndrome is well known and the bands are often responsible for the spectrum of anencephalic anomalies. Asymmetric defects in the skull and brain are the norm in such cases along with multiple defects in the body parts. Both the anomalies are in general severe and may warrant early intervention. More benign amniotic bands like chorioamniotic separation may be encountered in pregnancy and should not be confused with more dangerous amniotic band syndrome. Recognition of amniotic bands is important, as many bands regardless of the etiology were found to be potentially harmful.
Tubarial glands or tubarial salivary glands are recently reported as a pair of macroscopic saliva... more Tubarial glands or tubarial salivary glands are recently reported as a pair of macroscopic salivary glands in the nasopharynx. The remote location of the glands, the rarity of major pathologies involved, and non recognized functional significance might have been the reason for the non-inclusion before. There are about 500-1000 minor salivary glands in the body, and most of them are located in the oral cavity or oropharynx. They are small and embedded in the aero-digestive tract entrance of the head and neck region. Minor salivary glands located in the nasopharynx are relatively less in number and the major pathologies associated with these glands are rare. This review is on the overall current literature of the minor salivary glands and tubarial glands-the new entity in question-along with their potential pathologies. Nasopharyngeal glandular origin diseases were reported in general as case reports or as small series. This brief review is meant to open up interest in these structures, their pathologies and encourage further characterization of diseases of the nasopharynx especially the diseases of salivary gland origin.
Tubarial glands or tubarial salivary glands are recently reported as a pair of macroscopic saliva... more Tubarial glands or tubarial salivary glands are recently reported as a pair of macroscopic salivary glands in the nasopharynx. The remote location of the glands, the rarity of major pathologies involved, and non recognized functional significance might have been the reason for the non-inclusion before. There are about 500-1000 minor salivary glands in the body, and most of them are located in the oral cavity or oropharynx. They are small and embedded in the aero-digestive tract entrance of the head and neck region. Minor salivary glands located in the nasopharynx are relatively less in number and the major pathologies associated with these glands are rare. This review is on the overall current literature of the minor salivary glands and tubarial glands-the new entity in question-along with their potential pathologies. Nasopharyngeal glandular origin diseases were reported in general as case reports or as small series. This brief review is meant to open up interest in these structures, their pathologies and encourage further characterization of diseases of the nasopharynx especially the diseases of salivary gland origin.
International Journal of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, 2020
Introduction: Anencephaly is a relatively common fatal neuro-developmental disorder. Routine pren... more Introduction: Anencephaly is a relatively common fatal neuro-developmental disorder. Routine prenatal screening using ultrasound diagnoses the condition frequently and aid in managing the cases appropriately. Anencephaly is characterized by a severe developmental anomaly of the brain and a defective skull. Amniotic band syndrome is a condition associated with multiple congenital anomalies, which are often a consequence of fibrotic amniotic bands extending from the placenta to the fetus. It is a rare association but can be recognized by first trimester or late obstetric ultrasound. Amniotic band syndrome may be associated with anencephaly and often attributed as a causative factor. Apart from the amniotic band syndrome, many other conditions are associated with amniotic bands and the syndrome may be labeled erroneously if only the bands are taken into consideration. Case: A 27-year-old, G2P1 lady at 12 weeks and 2 days gestational age came for a routine ultrasound evaluation. The fetus was found to have a deformity of the head characteristic of anencephaly sequence. Multiple fibrotic bands were seen in the amniotic cavity extending from the placenta towards the fetus side, suspicious of amniotic band syndrome. The pregnancy was subsequently terminated on the patient's request. Conclusion: The association of anencephaly and amniotic band syndrome is well known and the bands are often responsible for the spectrum of anencephalic anomalies. Asymmetric defects in the skull and brain are the norm in such cases along with multiple defects in the body parts. Both the anomalies are in general severe and may warrant early intervention. More benign amniotic bands like chorioamniotic separation may be encountered in pregnancy and should not be confused with more dangerous amniotic band syndrome. Recognition of amniotic bands is important, as many bands regardless of the etiology were found to be potentially harmful.
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