Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

The use of decellularised matrices as scaffolds offers the advantage of great similarity with the tissue to be replaced. Moreover, decellularised tissues and organs can be repopulated with the patient’s own cells to produce bespoke therapies. Great progress has been made in research and development of decellularised scaffolds, and more recently, these materials are being used in exciting new areas like hydrogels and bioinks. However, much effort is still needed towards preserving the original extracellular matrix composition, especially its minor components, assessing its functionality and scaling up for large tissues and organs. Emphasis should also be placed on developing new decellularisation methods and establishing minimal criteria for assessing the success of the decellularisation process. The aim of this review is to critically review the existing literature on decellularised scaffolds, especially on the preparation of these matrices, and point out areas for improvement, fini...

The science and engineering of biomaterials have improved the human life expectancy. Tissue engineering is one of the nascent strategies with an aim to fulfill this target. Tissue engineering scaffolds are one of the most significant aspects of the recent tissue repair strategies; hence, it is imperative to design biomimetic substrates with suitable features. Conductive substrates can ameliorate the cellular activity through enhancement of cellular signaling. Biocompatible polymers with conductivity can mimic the cells' niche in an appropriate manner. Bioconductive polymers based on aniline oligomers can potentially actualize this purpose because of their unique and tailoring properties. The aniline oligomers can be positioned within the molecular structure of other polymers, thus painter acting with the side groups of the main polymer or acting as a comonomer in their backbone. The conductivity of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials can be tailored to mimic the electrical and mechanical properties of targeted tissues/organs. These bioconductive substrates can be designed with high mechanical strength for hard tissues such as the bone and with high elasticity to be used for the cardiac tissue or can be synthesized in the form of inject-able hydrogels, particles, and nanofibers for noninvasive implantation; these structures can be used for applications such as drug/gene delivery and extracellular biomimetic structures. It is expected that with progress in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering, more innovative constructs will be proposed in the near future. This review discusses the recent advancements in the use of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Statement of Significance The tissue engineering applications of aniline oligomers and their derivatives have recently attracted an increasing interest due to their electroactive and biodegradable properties. However, no reports have systematically reviewed the critical role of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials in tissue engineering. Research on aniline oligomers is growing today opening new scenarios that expand the potential of these biomaterials from ''traditional " treatments to a new era of tissue engineering. The conductivity of this class of biomaterials can be tailored similar to that of tissues/organs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article in which such issue is systematically reviewed and critically discussed in the light of the existing literature. Undoubtedly, investigations on the use of oligoaniline-based conductive biomaterials in tissue engineering need further advancement and a lot of critical questions are yet to be answered. In this review, we introduce the salient features, the hurdles that must be overcome, the hopes, and practical constraints for further development.

Advances in regenerative nanomedicine raise a host of ethical, legal, and social questions that healthcare providers and scientists will need to consider. These questions and concerns include definitions, appropriate applications, dual use, potential risks, regulations, and access. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the questions and concerns and recommend proactive consideration and solutions.

The primitive era of healthcare delivery has now become an ancient cliché due to innovative and very interactive methods of healthcare delivery in the 21st Century. This era has adopted a collaborative partnership among different fields to work towards achieving a particular goal with a universal responsibility of promoting a better healthcare system. Prominent fields among the collaborative partnership include; the basic and the applied sciences with numerous fields under these branches of science.

In this study, using Harfang Code 32 device, the slag catcher pipelines in one of the South Pars phases were tested. In radiography method of these lines, no clear defect was observed in radiographic films due to the high thickness of 40 mm. However, marvelous results were obtained using advanced ultrasonic. Review and analysis of the results will result in high potential of three-dimensional ultrasonic method in identifying defects in pipelines with high thicknesses and preventing financial and life-threatening risks during the use of these refineries in the future.

Telecommunication plays an important role in our day to day life. It has practically revolutionized our life especially in the field of long distance communication. Despite all these advancements visually impaired people have no/limited access to these technologies.In order to bridge the gap between blind people and technological advancement, we have come up with a novel idea of designing a SMS reading system using vibration motors .Here the user sends the text messages to blind person's mobile number which is connected to pic microcontroller which reads SMS using GSM module and converts the English letters of SMS into Braille language. This system is provided with vibration motors that vibrate on a definite pattern, provided that the visually impaired person has some knowledge about Braille language. With the help of six relays the pic microcontroller vibrates the vibration motors which are pasted on a glove and the vibration can be felt accordingly. This proposed system is very effective for receiving text messages and can be modified for sending text messages also.

3D printing is one of the most innovative technologies in the current era, while 3D bioprinting is revolutionizing the medical technology industry. Bioprinting technology could help overcome the limitations of the current tissue engineering methods, including the problem of longer waiting times for treatment (especially with organ transplants). While fighting infectious diseases had been the main focus of medicine in the past, dealing with the consequences of a predominantly ageing population will be the priority in the future and bioprinting is a promising technology to tackle this challenge effectively. Bioprinting will not only cater the needs of ageing population but also in the field of paediatrics, where the bioprinted tissue or organ should possess the capability to grow with the patient. As researchers around the world are working on 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs, companies are burgeoning all over, making and marketing new bioprinters. While the research and commercialisation are moving at such a rapid pace, the issues surrounding the technology, in terms of ethics, policies, regulations and social acceptance, are not addressed in commensurate. Identifying the ELSA (Ethical Legal and Social Aspects) concerns of this technology at an early stage is not only part of our social responsibility but also in the interest of the future of the technology itself. This paper reviews and foresees these challenges with pragmatism, thereby creating awareness to the researchers and policy makers and to urge a positive course of action in the foreseeable future. The significance of this work will be to address a broad audience, associated with this technology, from scientists to businessmen, engineers to clinicians, laymen to lawmakers. A ‘complete’ policy approach for this technology is recommended rather than a ‘piecemeal’ approach of the various constituents of this technology. An effective course of action will be to setup a multi-disciplinary international panel to work on the policy framework, which will look in to both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ impacts of 3D bioprinting, the associated ethical challenges, legal measures including patenting and effective controls to prevent the misuse, as well as the social aspects encompassing the cultural and religious differences which accounts for the success of this technology. Setting up national level panels to assess the risk-benefit analysis, taking into consideration the cultural and religious view of its population and other legal and social aspects, might be a good starting point.

Self-published artist book. Exhibited as part of Biomateria, FOFA Gallery, Montreal, QC, Canada, November 2015. Served as both an exhibition catalogue and research publication.
Contains craft-based tissue engineering protocols (standard, borrowed and invented) as well as the theoretical underpinnings of the work.
ISBN 978-1-312-86721-5

NOTE: I have had to remove this book from all sites after discovering that scammy companies have been reselling it on various international websites to make a profit.
PLEASE DO NOT BUY THIS BOOK ONLINE, or you are feeding the scammers. I have received nothing from the sales. I have the book listed for sale on Lulu.com, please contact me if interested.

Due to an increasing interest in esthetics and concerns about toxic and allergic reactions to certain alloys, zirconia was proposed as a new ceramic material in the later part of 20th century. It has become a popular alternative to alumina as biomaterial and is being used in dental applications for fabricating endodontic posts, crown and bridge restorations and implant abutments. It has also been applied for the fabrication of esthetic orthodontic brackets. This article presents a brief history, dental applications and new methods for fabrication of zirconia improving its mechanical properties. Additionally, the bonding between zirconia and resin cements as well as conventional cementation has been discussed. The methods of the improvement of the bonding strength have also been highlighted.

In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of a bio-hybrid tactile sensor and experimental platform. The system uses tissue engineered alginate encapsulated fibroblasts and a conductivity sensor as a transduction system to monitor applied normal and tangential loads in a manner comparable to mechanotransduction in the human haptic system in nonglabrous skin. The tissue is integrated into a microfluidic system interfaced with a nanoporous membrane capable of sustaining the viability of the cells for extended times. The efficacy of the bio-hybrid tactile sensor is validated using a 2 DoF Cartesian manipulator, capable of indenting and sliding textured stimuli over the device. Also, the platform includes a two-cell Peltier-based temperature controlled control module. This allows the evaluation of the effect of temperature variation on the bio-hybrid sensor response, and to decouple the effect of temperature from mechanical stimulation.

A family of new high entropy, or compositionally complex, alloy brasses and bronzes has been developed with strengths and hardnesses considerably higher than those of conventional brasses and bronzes and exceptional compressive ductility. By utilising the extended solid solution range of the ternary CueMn eNi alloy system, stepwise additions of Al, Sn and/or Zn have been added to an equiatomic CuMnNi alloy base. The resulting fcc and bcc crystal structures often follow similar phase evolution trends to those observed in regular brasses and bronzes as Al, Sn and Zn solute contents increase. Due to specific structural ordering, some of these alloys exhibit respectable soft magnetic properties. Reported are the specific microstructures, phase evolution upon heat treatment, mechanical properties and observed basic magnetic response of these alloys.

Commercial or clinical tissue adhesives are currently limited due to their weak bonding strength on wet biological tissue surface, low biological compatibility, and slow adhesion formation. Although catechol-modified hyaluronic acid (HA) adhesives are developed, they suffer from limitations: insufficient adhesiveness and overfast degradation, attributed to low substitution of catechol groups. In this study, we demonstrate a simple and efficient strategy to prepare mussel-inspired HA hydrogel adhesives with improved degree of substitution of catechol groups. Because of the significantly increased grafting ratio of catechol groups, dopamine-conjugated dialdehyde− HA (DAHA) hydrogels exhibit excellent tissue adhesion performance (i.e., adhesive strength of 90.0 ± 6.7 kPa), which are significantly higher than those found in dopamine-conjugated HA hydrogels (∼10 kPa), photo-cross-linkable HA hydrogels (∼13 kPa), or commercially available fibrin glues (2−40 kPa). At the same time, their maximum adhesion energy is 384.6 ± 26.0 J m −2 , which also is 40−400-fold, 2−40-fold, and ∼8-fold higher than those of the mussel-based adhesive, cyanoacrylate, and fibrin glues, respectively. Moreover, the hydrogels can gel rapidly within 60 s and have a tunable degradation suitable for tissue regeneration. Together with their cytocompatibility and good cell adhesion, they are promising materials as new biological adhesives.

Significant progress has been made over the past few decades in the development of in vitro-engineered substitutes that mimic human skin, either as grafts for the replacement of lost skin, or for the establishment of in vitro human skin models. Tissue engineering has been developing as a novel strategy by employing the recent advances in various fields such as polymer engineering, bioengineering, stem cell research and nanomedicine. Recently, an advancement of 3D printing technology referred as bioprinting was exploited to make cell loaded scaffolds to produce constructs which are more matching with the native tissue. Bioprinting facilitates the simultaneous and highly specific deposition of multiple types of skin cells and biomaterials, a process that is lacking in conventional skin tissue-engineering approaches. Bioprinted skin substitutes or equivalents containing dermal and epidermal components offer a promising approach in skin bioengineering. Various materials including synthetic and natural biopolymers and cells with or without signalling molecules like growth factors are being utilized to produce functional skin constructs. This technology emerging as a novel strategy to overcome the current bottlenecks in skin tissue engineering such as poor vascularization, absence of hair follicles and sweat glands in the construct.

Hydrogels are widely used in biomedical area of research. Hydrogels are usually used in fabrication of contact lenses, hygiene products, biosensors, wound dressings, and tissue engineering applications. The polymer 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) based hydrogel synthesis and their use in textiles industry was also reviewed. Poly-Hema is a soft, flexible, water absorbing plastic used in making soft contact lenses. HEMA is a clear liquid compound obtained by reacting methacrylic acid with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. HEMA and polymer hydrogel filler are used for soft tissue reconstruction by facile polymerization. The synthesis of random copolymer including HEMA through free radical polymerization is also reviewed. Polymeric fillers are widely used as an alternative for breast reconstruction materials. This review focuses on recent advancements in several types of biomedical hydrogels including conductive hydrogels, injectable, responsive, nanocomposite hydrogels, etc. Thermo responsive hydrogels use temperature as external stimulus to show sol-gel transition and they can form hydrogel around the body temperature. Textile based transdermal therapy is currently being applied using drug loaded thermoresponsive hydrogel. Hydrogels made by natural and synthetic polymers for textile based transdermal treatments are mentioned.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming an increasingly common technique to fabricate scaffolds and devices for tissue engineering applications. This is due to the potential of 3D printing to provide patient-specific designs, high structural complexity, rapid on-demand fabrication at a low-cost. One of the major bottlenecks that limits the widespread acceptance of 3D printing in biomanufacturing is the lack of diversity in "biomaterial inks". Printability of a biomaterial is determined by the printing technique. Although a wide range of biomaterial inks including polymers, ceramics, hydrogels and composites have been developed, the field is still struggling with processing of these materials into self-supporting devices with tunable mechanics, degradation, and bioactivity. This review aims to highlight the past and recent advances in biomaterial ink development and design considerations moving forward. A brief overview of 3D printing technologies focusing on ink design parameters is also included.

International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.

Scope 6th International Conference on Materials Science and Engineering (MSE 2022) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications impacts and challenges of Mathematics and Sciences. The conference documents practical and theoretical results which make a fundamental contribution for the development of Mathematics and Sciences.

There has been considerable advancement over the last few years in the treatment of osteoarthritis, common chronic disease and a major cause of disability in older adults. In this pathology, the entire joint is involved and the regeneration of articular cartilage still remains one of the main challenges, particularly in an actively inflammatory environment. The recent strategies for osteoarthritis treatment are based on the use of different therapeutic solutions such as cell and gene therapies and tissue engineering. In this review, we provide an overview of current regenerative strategies highlighting the pros and cons, challenges and opportunities, and we try to identify areas where future work should be focused in order to advance this field.

Since the first printing of biologics with cytoscribing as demonstrated by Klebe in 1986, three dimensional (3D) bioprinting has made a substantial leap forward, particularly in the last decade. It has been widely used in fabrication of living tissues for various application areas such as tissue engineering and regen-erative medicine research, transplantation and clinics, pharmaceutics and high-throughput screening, and cancer research. As bioprinting has gained interest in the medical and pharmaceutical communities , the demand for bioprinters has risen substantially. A myriad of bioprinters have been developed at research institutions worldwide and several companies have emerged to commercialize advanced bio-printer technologies. This paper prefaces the evolution of the field of bioprinting and presents the first comprehensive review of existing bioprinter technologies. Here, a comparative evaluation is performed for bioprinters; limitations with the current bioprinter technologies are discussed thoroughly and future prospects of bioprinters are provided to the reader.

In recent years, there have been major advances and increasing amounts of research on the utilization of natural polymeric materials as drug delivery vehicles due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Seaweed polysaccharides are abundant resources and have been extensively studied for several biological, biomedical, and functional food applications. The exploration of seaweed polysaccharides for drug delivery applications is still in its infancy. Alginate, carrageenan, fucoidan, ulvan, and laminarin are polysaccharides commonly isolated from seaweed. These natural polymers can be converted into nanoparticles (NPs) by different types of methods, such as ionic gelation, emulsion, and polyelectrolyte complexing. Ionic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexing are commonly employed by adding cationic molecules to these anionic polymers to produce NPs of a desired shape, size, and charge. In the present review, we have discussed the preparation of seaweed polysaccharide-based NPs using different types of methods as well as their usage as carriers for the delivery of various therapeutic molecules (e.g., proteins, peptides, anti-cancer drugs, and antibiotics). Seaweed polysaccharide-based NPs exhibit suitable particle size, high drug encapsulation, and sustained drug release with high biocompatibility, thereby demonstrating their high potential for safe and efficient drug delivery.

The chemical and structural similarities of calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) to the mineral composition of natural bones and teeth have made them a good candidate for bone tissue engineering applications. Nowadays, a variety of natural or synthetic CaPO4-based biomaterials is produced and has been extensively used for dental and orthopedic applications. Despite their inherent brittleness, CaPO4 materials possess several appealing characteristics as scaffold materials. Namely, their biocompatibility and variable stoichiometry, thus surface charge density, functionality and dissolution properties, make them suitable for both drug and growth factor delivery. Therefore, CaPO4, especially hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphates (TCPs), have attracted a significant interest in simultaneous use as bone grafts and drug delivery vehicles.

This review gives a brief description on the skin and its essential functions, damages or injury which are common to the skin and the role of skin substitute to replace the functions of the skin soon after an injury. Skin substitutes have crucial role in the management of deep dermal and full thickness wounds. At present, there is no skin substitute in the market that can replace all the functions of skin ‘and the research is still continuing for a better alternative. This review is an attempt to recollect and report the past efforts including skin grafting and recent trends like use of bioengineered smart skin substitutes in wound care. Incorporation functional moieties like antimicrobials and wound healing agents are also described.
Progress in Biomaterials Progress in Biomaterials Look
Inside
Article Metrics
4 Citations
Other actions

    Export citation
    Register for Journal Updates
    About This Journal
    Reprints and Permissions
    Add to Papers

Share
Share this content on Facebook Share this content on Twitter Share this content on LinkedIn

Biosensors research is a fast growing field in which tens of thousands of papers have been published over the years, and the industry is now worth billions of dollars. The biosensor products have found their applications in numerous industries including food and beverages, agricultural, environmental, medical diagnostics, and pharmaceutical industries and many more. Even though numerous biosensors have been developed for detection of proteins, peptides, enzymes, and numerous other biomolecules for diverse applications, their applications in tissue engineering have remained limited. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in application of novel biosensors in cell culture and tissue engineering, for example, real-time detection of small molecules such as glucose, lactose, and H 2 O 2 as well as serum proteins of large molecular size, such as albumin and alpha-fetoprotein, and inflammatory cytokines, such as IFN-g and TNF-í µí»¼. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in biosensors for tissue engineering applications.