It has been argued that the threshold concepts of a discipline are the gateways to a deeper under... more It has been argued that the threshold concepts of a discipline are the gateways to a deeper understanding of disciplinary knowledge. These are also keys to improving student learning outcomes and p ...
Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 2016
Viral infections are rising every day, and viruses appear to be the most dangerous pathogens in t... more Viral infections are rising every day, and viruses appear to be the most dangerous pathogens in the world. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is accepted as one of the major destructive factors of promoting severe hepatic disorders by infecting more than 180 million individuals throughout the world. Chronic infection caused by HCV poses a serious global health emergency and appears to be a powerful threat to humanity. Almost 20 years have passed since the disclosure of HCV, but even now, treatment preferences remain limited. Humans are born with a rapid and nonspecific mechanism to prevent viral attacks through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are evolutionary conserved cellular activator proteins responsible for recognizing specific components present on penetrating microbes and viruses. Recent research efforts in TLR biology suggest that targeting the TLRs and their signaling pathways during HCV infection could contribute to novel therapies against HCV. The mobilization of TLRs boosts antiviral communication and integrates the development of long-lasting acquired immune responses to limit viral pathogenesis. Both activation and suppression of TLRs are necessary for the efficient treatment of HCV. For the proper management and eradication of HCV, novel drugs that target TLRs and their signaling pathway are needed. This review summarizes the role of TLR signaling in HCV infection and treatment.
2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2015
ABSTRACT Distance education in information security has unique requirements in comparison to on-c... more ABSTRACT Distance education in information security has unique requirements in comparison to on-campus education. For instance, an online InfoSec lab is required to provide hands-on education to distance students while development and operation of a lab is a non-trivial problem. There is a need to understand the nature of the online InfoSec labs as ensemble artifacts, and just a black-box tool’s view is not enough. This article suggests a conceptual model to explain the ensemble view of the online InfoSec lab. In doing so, the paper makes two specific contributions: First, it conceptualizes the online Information Security (InfoSec) lab as an ensemble artifact so that we can unfold the black-box view of an InfoSec lab and understand the important building blocks (entities of the lab) and their interrelationships. Second, it suggests design principles to implement the conceptual model of an InfoSec lab.
Online learning for educating information security professionals has increased in popularity. The... more Online learning for educating information security professionals has increased in popularity. The security curriculum and technology, as well as hands-on laboratory experiences implemented in information security labs, are important elements in an online education system for information security. We drew our motivation from an on-going information security lab development initiative in our own institution, and this paper aims to provide an integrated overview on reported instances of online hands-on education in information ...
Chemical regulation allows non-in vivo testing (i.e. in silico-derived and in vitro-derived) info... more Chemical regulation allows non-in vivo testing (i.e. in silico-derived and in vitro-derived) information to replace experimental values from in vivo studies in hazard and risk assessments. Although non-in vitro testing information on chemical activities or properties is subject to added uncertainty as compared to in vivo testing information, this uncertainty is commonly not (fully) taken into account. Considering uncertainty in predictions from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which are a form of non-in vivo testing information, may improve the way that QSARs support chemical safety assessment under the EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) system. We argue that it is useful to consider uncertainty in QSAR predictions, as it: a) supports rational decision-making; b) facilitates cautious risk management; c) informs uncertainty analysis in probabilistic risk assessment; d) may aid the evaluation of QSAR predictions in wei...
An experiment, into feasibility of relaying berseem with autumn planted sunflower for increasing ... more An experiment, into feasibility of relaying berseem with autumn planted sunflower for increasing per unit area income, was conducted during 1997-98, 1998-99 and 1999-2000 at Agronomic Research Area, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. Relay cropping of berseem with sunflower efficiently increased per unit area income. Growing berseem as a relay crop in sunflower planted at 90 cm apart rows resulted
To investigate the performance of three Kabli gram (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes viz. K-88194, K... more To investigate the performance of three Kabli gram (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes viz. K-88194, K-90395 and N-91 under various fertilizer (NPK) regimes an experiment was carried out during 1999-00 and 2000-2001. Fertilizer levels had a significant but differential effect on the seed yield of gram genotypes. The application of fertilizer @ 35-87.50-00 kg NPK ha-1 gave the best results during
Today, chemical risk and safety assessments rely heavily on the estimation of environmental fate ... more Today, chemical risk and safety assessments rely heavily on the estimation of environmental fate by models. The key compound-related properties in such models describe partitioning and reactivity. Uncertainty in determining these properties can be separated into random and systematic (incompleteness) components, requiring different types of representation. Here, we evaluate two approaches that are suitable to treat also systematic errors, fuzzy arithmetic, and probability bounds analysis. When a best estimate (mode) and a range can be computed for an input parameter, then it is possible to characterize the uncertainty with a triangular fuzzy number (possibility distribution) or a corresponding probability box bound by two uniform distributions. We use a five-compartment Level I fugacity model and reported empirical data from the literature for three well-known environmental pollutants (benzene, pyrene, and DDT) as illustrative cases for this evaluation. Propagation of uncertainty by discrete probability calculus or interval arithmetic can be done at a low computational cost and gives maximum flexibility in applying different approaches. Our evaluation suggests that the difference between fuzzy arithmetic and probability bounds analysis is small, at least for this specific case. The fuzzy arithmetic approach can, however, be regarded as less conservative than probability bounds analysis if the assumption of independence is removed. Both approaches are sensitive to repeated parameters that may inflate the uncertainty estimate. Uncertainty described by probability boxes was therefore also propagated through the model by Monte Carlo simulation to show how this problem can be avoided.
A study was conducted to evaluate the economics of canola (Brassica campestris) intercropping wit... more A study was conducted to evaluate the economics of canola (Brassica campestris) intercropping with sunflower (Helianthus annuus) at Agronomic Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad during 1997-98 to 1999-2000. Three years average results revealed that intercropping of canola with sunflower sown at 100 cm apart rows in 2nd fortnight of October gave higher gross economic returns of Rs. 29957 per hectare. Maximum
Effect of different transplanting dates was studied on six rice varieties/lines at Agronomic Rese... more Effect of different transplanting dates was studied on six rice varieties/lines at Agronomic Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad during 2002-2003. Rice varieties/lines (98801, PK-5261-1-2-1, 97502, 98409, Basmati-385 and Super Basmati) were transplanted from July, 1 to 31 with ...
Abstrakt Information Security education benefits greatly from hands-on laboratory oriented exerci... more Abstrakt Information Security education benefits greatly from hands-on laboratory oriented exercises. Campus students often have access to security lab equipment. However, remote students, who never visit the campus, often have no laboratory access at all. While previous literature describing designs for information security laboratories are seldom based on specified pedagogical approaches or systematic design theories, this paper contributes by outlining a design theory of online InfoSec labs based on the “Personalized system of ...
It has been argued that the threshold concepts of a discipline are the gateways to a deeper under... more It has been argued that the threshold concepts of a discipline are the gateways to a deeper understanding of disciplinary knowledge. These are also keys to improving student learning outcomes and p ...
Critical Reviews in Eukaryotic Gene Expression, 2016
Viral infections are rising every day, and viruses appear to be the most dangerous pathogens in t... more Viral infections are rising every day, and viruses appear to be the most dangerous pathogens in the world. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is accepted as one of the major destructive factors of promoting severe hepatic disorders by infecting more than 180 million individuals throughout the world. Chronic infection caused by HCV poses a serious global health emergency and appears to be a powerful threat to humanity. Almost 20 years have passed since the disclosure of HCV, but even now, treatment preferences remain limited. Humans are born with a rapid and nonspecific mechanism to prevent viral attacks through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are evolutionary conserved cellular activator proteins responsible for recognizing specific components present on penetrating microbes and viruses. Recent research efforts in TLR biology suggest that targeting the TLRs and their signaling pathways during HCV infection could contribute to novel therapies against HCV. The mobilization of TLRs boosts antiviral communication and integrates the development of long-lasting acquired immune responses to limit viral pathogenesis. Both activation and suppression of TLRs are necessary for the efficient treatment of HCV. For the proper management and eradication of HCV, novel drugs that target TLRs and their signaling pathway are needed. This review summarizes the role of TLR signaling in HCV infection and treatment.
2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2015
ABSTRACT Distance education in information security has unique requirements in comparison to on-c... more ABSTRACT Distance education in information security has unique requirements in comparison to on-campus education. For instance, an online InfoSec lab is required to provide hands-on education to distance students while development and operation of a lab is a non-trivial problem. There is a need to understand the nature of the online InfoSec labs as ensemble artifacts, and just a black-box tool’s view is not enough. This article suggests a conceptual model to explain the ensemble view of the online InfoSec lab. In doing so, the paper makes two specific contributions: First, it conceptualizes the online Information Security (InfoSec) lab as an ensemble artifact so that we can unfold the black-box view of an InfoSec lab and understand the important building blocks (entities of the lab) and their interrelationships. Second, it suggests design principles to implement the conceptual model of an InfoSec lab.
Online learning for educating information security professionals has increased in popularity. The... more Online learning for educating information security professionals has increased in popularity. The security curriculum and technology, as well as hands-on laboratory experiences implemented in information security labs, are important elements in an online education system for information security. We drew our motivation from an on-going information security lab development initiative in our own institution, and this paper aims to provide an integrated overview on reported instances of online hands-on education in information ...
Chemical regulation allows non-in vivo testing (i.e. in silico-derived and in vitro-derived) info... more Chemical regulation allows non-in vivo testing (i.e. in silico-derived and in vitro-derived) information to replace experimental values from in vivo studies in hazard and risk assessments. Although non-in vitro testing information on chemical activities or properties is subject to added uncertainty as compared to in vivo testing information, this uncertainty is commonly not (fully) taken into account. Considering uncertainty in predictions from quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs), which are a form of non-in vivo testing information, may improve the way that QSARs support chemical safety assessment under the EU Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) system. We argue that it is useful to consider uncertainty in QSAR predictions, as it: a) supports rational decision-making; b) facilitates cautious risk management; c) informs uncertainty analysis in probabilistic risk assessment; d) may aid the evaluation of QSAR predictions in wei...
An experiment, into feasibility of relaying berseem with autumn planted sunflower for increasing ... more An experiment, into feasibility of relaying berseem with autumn planted sunflower for increasing per unit area income, was conducted during 1997-98, 1998-99 and 1999-2000 at Agronomic Research Area, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad. Relay cropping of berseem with sunflower efficiently increased per unit area income. Growing berseem as a relay crop in sunflower planted at 90 cm apart rows resulted
To investigate the performance of three Kabli gram (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes viz. K-88194, K... more To investigate the performance of three Kabli gram (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes viz. K-88194, K-90395 and N-91 under various fertilizer (NPK) regimes an experiment was carried out during 1999-00 and 2000-2001. Fertilizer levels had a significant but differential effect on the seed yield of gram genotypes. The application of fertilizer @ 35-87.50-00 kg NPK ha-1 gave the best results during
Today, chemical risk and safety assessments rely heavily on the estimation of environmental fate ... more Today, chemical risk and safety assessments rely heavily on the estimation of environmental fate by models. The key compound-related properties in such models describe partitioning and reactivity. Uncertainty in determining these properties can be separated into random and systematic (incompleteness) components, requiring different types of representation. Here, we evaluate two approaches that are suitable to treat also systematic errors, fuzzy arithmetic, and probability bounds analysis. When a best estimate (mode) and a range can be computed for an input parameter, then it is possible to characterize the uncertainty with a triangular fuzzy number (possibility distribution) or a corresponding probability box bound by two uniform distributions. We use a five-compartment Level I fugacity model and reported empirical data from the literature for three well-known environmental pollutants (benzene, pyrene, and DDT) as illustrative cases for this evaluation. Propagation of uncertainty by discrete probability calculus or interval arithmetic can be done at a low computational cost and gives maximum flexibility in applying different approaches. Our evaluation suggests that the difference between fuzzy arithmetic and probability bounds analysis is small, at least for this specific case. The fuzzy arithmetic approach can, however, be regarded as less conservative than probability bounds analysis if the assumption of independence is removed. Both approaches are sensitive to repeated parameters that may inflate the uncertainty estimate. Uncertainty described by probability boxes was therefore also propagated through the model by Monte Carlo simulation to show how this problem can be avoided.
A study was conducted to evaluate the economics of canola (Brassica campestris) intercropping wit... more A study was conducted to evaluate the economics of canola (Brassica campestris) intercropping with sunflower (Helianthus annuus) at Agronomic Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad during 1997-98 to 1999-2000. Three years average results revealed that intercropping of canola with sunflower sown at 100 cm apart rows in 2nd fortnight of October gave higher gross economic returns of Rs. 29957 per hectare. Maximum
Effect of different transplanting dates was studied on six rice varieties/lines at Agronomic Rese... more Effect of different transplanting dates was studied on six rice varieties/lines at Agronomic Research Institute, AARI, Faisalabad during 2002-2003. Rice varieties/lines (98801, PK-5261-1-2-1, 97502, 98409, Basmati-385 and Super Basmati) were transplanted from July, 1 to 31 with ...
Abstrakt Information Security education benefits greatly from hands-on laboratory oriented exerci... more Abstrakt Information Security education benefits greatly from hands-on laboratory oriented exercises. Campus students often have access to security lab equipment. However, remote students, who never visit the campus, often have no laboratory access at all. While previous literature describing designs for information security laboratories are seldom based on specified pedagogical approaches or systematic design theories, this paper contributes by outlining a design theory of online InfoSec labs based on the “Personalized system of ...
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