Geothermal energy has been recognized as an important clean renewable energy. Accurate assessment... more Geothermal energy has been recognized as an important clean renewable energy. Accurate assessment of geothermal resources is an essential foundation for their development and utilization. The North Jiangsu Basin (NJB), located in the Lower Yangtze Craton, is shaped like a wedge block of an ancient plate boundary and large-scale carbonate thermal reservoirs are developed in the deep NJB. Moreover, the NJB exhibits a high heat flow background because of its extensive extension since the Late Mesozoic. In this study, we used the Monte Carlo method to evaluate the geothermal resources of the main reservoir shallower than 10 km in the NJB. Compared with the volumetric method, the Monte Carlo method takes into account the variation mode and uncertainties of the input parameters. The simulation results show that the geothermal resources of the sandstone thermal reservoir in the shallow NJB are very rich, with capacities of (6.6–12) × 1020 J (mean 8.6 × 1020 J), (5.1–16) × 1020 J (mean 9.1 ...
The study of thermal conductivity anisotropy is of great importance for more accurate heat flow c... more The study of thermal conductivity anisotropy is of great importance for more accurate heat flow calculations, geodynamic studies, development and utilization of hot dry rock, and simulation of heat transfer in geological reservoirs of nuclear waste, and so on. To study the thermal conductivity anisotropy of rocks, 1158 cores from 60 boreholes in East China were tested for thermal conductivity, including thermal conductivity values parallel to (λ∥) and perpendicular to (λ⊥) structural planes of basalt, mudstones, gneisses, sandstones, carbonates, evaporites, and metamorphic rocks. The thermal conductivity anisotropy is not obvious for sand, clay, and evaporate, and the average anisotropic factors of 1.19 ± 0.22, 1.18 ± 0.17, and 1.18 ± 0.17 for tuff/breccia, granitoid and contact metamorphic rocks, respectively, indicate that these three rocks have strong anisotropy characteristics. Finally, the effect of thermal conductivity anisotropy on heat flow is studied and discussed in detail...
The study of thermal conductivity anisotropy is of great importance for more accurate heat flow c... more The study of thermal conductivity anisotropy is of great importance for more accurate heat flow calculations, geodynamic studies, development and utilization of hot dry rock, and simulation of heat transfer in geological reservoirs of nuclear waste, and so on. To study the thermal conductivity anisotropy of rocks, 1158 cores from 60 boreholes in East China were tested for thermal conductivity, including thermal conductivity values parallel to (λ∥) and perpendicular to (λ⊥) structural planes of basalt, mudstones, gneisses, sandstones, carbonates, evaporites, and metamorphic rocks. The thermal conductivity anisotropy is not obvious for sand, clay, and evaporate, and the average anisotropic factors of 1.19 ± 0.22, 1.18 ± 0.17, and 1.18 ± 0.17 for tuff/breccia, granitoid and contact metamorphic rocks, respectively, indicate that these three rocks have strong anisotropy characteristics. Finally, the effect of thermal conductivity anisotropy on heat flow is studied and discussed in detail...
The thermal conductivity of a stratum is a key factor to study the deep temperature distribution ... more The thermal conductivity of a stratum is a key factor to study the deep temperature distribution and the thermal structure of the basin. A huge expense of core sampling from boreholes, especially in offshore areas, makes it expensive to directly test stratum samples. Therefore, the use of well logging (the gamma-ray, the neutron porosity, and the temperature) to estimate the thermal conductivity of the samples obtained from boreholes could be a good alternative. In this study, we measured the thermal conductivity of 72 samples obtained from an offshore area as references. When the stratum is considered to be a shale–sand–fluid model, the thermal conductivity can be calculated based on the mixing models (the geometric mean and the square root mean). The contents of the shale and the sand were derived from the natural gamma-ray logs, and the content of the fluid (porosity) was derived from the neutron porosity logs. The temperature corrections of the thermal conductivity were performe...
Systemic administration of free chemotherapeutic drugs leads to severe toxic effects, and physiol... more Systemic administration of free chemotherapeutic drugs leads to severe toxic effects, and physiological characteristics of solid tumors restrain the drugs from reaching the hypoxic regions. Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been known to penetrate the barrier and proliferate in the interface between the viable and necrotic regions of tumors. This study aimed to fabricate a nanoscale minicell via genetic engineering of EcN for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the hypoxic regions of tumors for cancer therapy. A large number of minicells were produced by knocking out the gene and enhancing the expression in EcN. Then, a pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) was displayed on the membrane surface through protein display technology to endow the cells with the ability to target the acidic microenvironments of tumors. The acidic-microenvironment targeting ability and therapeutic effect of the engineered minicells with chemotherapeutic drugs was thoroughly evaluated by using breast cancer cel...
ABSTRACT The timing of the transition of a peripheral foreland basin from underfilled to overfill... more ABSTRACT The timing of the transition of a peripheral foreland basin from underfilled to overfilled provides important insights into the post-orogenic dynamics of its coupled orogenic wedge. Such information is lacking in the Mesozoic foreland basins surrounding the Qinling Orogen, central China, such as the Daba Shan Foreland Basin (DSFB), the northeastern part of the Sichuan Basin. In an effort to constrain the timing of maximum burial and onset of denudation, we report detrital zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe) data from four deep boreholes in the DSFB. Results show that ZHe ages from the oldest foreland basin formations (Upper Triassic–lower Middle Jurassic) are mostly younger than their depositional age, whereas non-reset ZHe ages characterize younger strata. This suggests that the oldest strata attained maximum temperatures between ~ 130 °C and 200 °C (ZHe partial retention zone), which is consistent with previous independent paleotemperatures (organic matter reflectance and illite crystallinity) reported in two of the boreholes and another nearby. The fully reset ages apparently show the youngest peaks at ~ 80 Ma and ~ 100 Ma, which are interpreted as the minimum constraints on the timing of maximum basinal burial and subsequent denudation. Considering that the regional deposition has lasted to Aptian time, it is proposed that the onset of the basin exhumation in the DSFB started at Aptian–Albian time (~ 100–125 Ma), heralding the termination of regional tectonic shortening in the hinterland (Southern Qinling).
ABSTRACT [1] Contrasting models of upper crustal shortening versus lower crustal flow have been p... more ABSTRACT [1] Contrasting models of upper crustal shortening versus lower crustal flow have been proposed to explain the formation of thickened crust in the Longmen Shan (LMS), eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) margin. These models require different structural kinematics along the LMS, whose structural geometry is defined by three parallel NW-dipping fault zones. From foreland (southeast) to hinterland (northwest), they are the Guanxian-Anxian Fault, Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault (YBF), and Wenchuan-Maowen Fault (WMF). Newly derived and previously published low-temperature thermochronology data from the LMS were synthesized to constrain the spatial exhumation and test previous models. The results show that (1) exhumation increases abruptly across the range-bounding YBF, suggesting the fault being the main thrust boundary between the LMS and the Sichuan Basin to the east; (2) Younger Late Cenozoic cooling ages are found on the hinterland WMF, where a dichotomy of ages on the hanging wall versus footwall suggests Late Cenozoic thrust activity; and (3) toward the hinterland to the west, exhumation rates decrease twofold over a distance of ~30–40 km. This exhumation pattern indicates a westward decrease of tectonic uplift, providing the regional topography approached a steady state, whereby exhumation is in balance with tectonic uplift. The observed exhumation estimates support an upper crustal configuration where thrusts in the LMS merge gradually into a gentle detachment seated at a depth of ~20–30 km. Results of this study support a revised upper crustal thrusting model.
Geothermal energy has been recognized as an important clean renewable energy. Accurate assessment... more Geothermal energy has been recognized as an important clean renewable energy. Accurate assessment of geothermal resources is an essential foundation for their development and utilization. The North Jiangsu Basin (NJB), located in the Lower Yangtze Craton, is shaped like a wedge block of an ancient plate boundary and large-scale carbonate thermal reservoirs are developed in the deep NJB. Moreover, the NJB exhibits a high heat flow background because of its extensive extension since the Late Mesozoic. In this study, we used the Monte Carlo method to evaluate the geothermal resources of the main reservoir shallower than 10 km in the NJB. Compared with the volumetric method, the Monte Carlo method takes into account the variation mode and uncertainties of the input parameters. The simulation results show that the geothermal resources of the sandstone thermal reservoir in the shallow NJB are very rich, with capacities of (6.6–12) × 1020 J (mean 8.6 × 1020 J), (5.1–16) × 1020 J (mean 9.1 ...
The study of thermal conductivity anisotropy is of great importance for more accurate heat flow c... more The study of thermal conductivity anisotropy is of great importance for more accurate heat flow calculations, geodynamic studies, development and utilization of hot dry rock, and simulation of heat transfer in geological reservoirs of nuclear waste, and so on. To study the thermal conductivity anisotropy of rocks, 1158 cores from 60 boreholes in East China were tested for thermal conductivity, including thermal conductivity values parallel to (λ∥) and perpendicular to (λ⊥) structural planes of basalt, mudstones, gneisses, sandstones, carbonates, evaporites, and metamorphic rocks. The thermal conductivity anisotropy is not obvious for sand, clay, and evaporate, and the average anisotropic factors of 1.19 ± 0.22, 1.18 ± 0.17, and 1.18 ± 0.17 for tuff/breccia, granitoid and contact metamorphic rocks, respectively, indicate that these three rocks have strong anisotropy characteristics. Finally, the effect of thermal conductivity anisotropy on heat flow is studied and discussed in detail...
The study of thermal conductivity anisotropy is of great importance for more accurate heat flow c... more The study of thermal conductivity anisotropy is of great importance for more accurate heat flow calculations, geodynamic studies, development and utilization of hot dry rock, and simulation of heat transfer in geological reservoirs of nuclear waste, and so on. To study the thermal conductivity anisotropy of rocks, 1158 cores from 60 boreholes in East China were tested for thermal conductivity, including thermal conductivity values parallel to (λ∥) and perpendicular to (λ⊥) structural planes of basalt, mudstones, gneisses, sandstones, carbonates, evaporites, and metamorphic rocks. The thermal conductivity anisotropy is not obvious for sand, clay, and evaporate, and the average anisotropic factors of 1.19 ± 0.22, 1.18 ± 0.17, and 1.18 ± 0.17 for tuff/breccia, granitoid and contact metamorphic rocks, respectively, indicate that these three rocks have strong anisotropy characteristics. Finally, the effect of thermal conductivity anisotropy on heat flow is studied and discussed in detail...
The thermal conductivity of a stratum is a key factor to study the deep temperature distribution ... more The thermal conductivity of a stratum is a key factor to study the deep temperature distribution and the thermal structure of the basin. A huge expense of core sampling from boreholes, especially in offshore areas, makes it expensive to directly test stratum samples. Therefore, the use of well logging (the gamma-ray, the neutron porosity, and the temperature) to estimate the thermal conductivity of the samples obtained from boreholes could be a good alternative. In this study, we measured the thermal conductivity of 72 samples obtained from an offshore area as references. When the stratum is considered to be a shale–sand–fluid model, the thermal conductivity can be calculated based on the mixing models (the geometric mean and the square root mean). The contents of the shale and the sand were derived from the natural gamma-ray logs, and the content of the fluid (porosity) was derived from the neutron porosity logs. The temperature corrections of the thermal conductivity were performe...
Systemic administration of free chemotherapeutic drugs leads to severe toxic effects, and physiol... more Systemic administration of free chemotherapeutic drugs leads to severe toxic effects, and physiological characteristics of solid tumors restrain the drugs from reaching the hypoxic regions. Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been known to penetrate the barrier and proliferate in the interface between the viable and necrotic regions of tumors. This study aimed to fabricate a nanoscale minicell via genetic engineering of EcN for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the hypoxic regions of tumors for cancer therapy. A large number of minicells were produced by knocking out the gene and enhancing the expression in EcN. Then, a pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) was displayed on the membrane surface through protein display technology to endow the cells with the ability to target the acidic microenvironments of tumors. The acidic-microenvironment targeting ability and therapeutic effect of the engineered minicells with chemotherapeutic drugs was thoroughly evaluated by using breast cancer cel...
ABSTRACT The timing of the transition of a peripheral foreland basin from underfilled to overfill... more ABSTRACT The timing of the transition of a peripheral foreland basin from underfilled to overfilled provides important insights into the post-orogenic dynamics of its coupled orogenic wedge. Such information is lacking in the Mesozoic foreland basins surrounding the Qinling Orogen, central China, such as the Daba Shan Foreland Basin (DSFB), the northeastern part of the Sichuan Basin. In an effort to constrain the timing of maximum burial and onset of denudation, we report detrital zircon (U–Th)/He (ZHe) data from four deep boreholes in the DSFB. Results show that ZHe ages from the oldest foreland basin formations (Upper Triassic–lower Middle Jurassic) are mostly younger than their depositional age, whereas non-reset ZHe ages characterize younger strata. This suggests that the oldest strata attained maximum temperatures between ~ 130 °C and 200 °C (ZHe partial retention zone), which is consistent with previous independent paleotemperatures (organic matter reflectance and illite crystallinity) reported in two of the boreholes and another nearby. The fully reset ages apparently show the youngest peaks at ~ 80 Ma and ~ 100 Ma, which are interpreted as the minimum constraints on the timing of maximum basinal burial and subsequent denudation. Considering that the regional deposition has lasted to Aptian time, it is proposed that the onset of the basin exhumation in the DSFB started at Aptian–Albian time (~ 100–125 Ma), heralding the termination of regional tectonic shortening in the hinterland (Southern Qinling).
ABSTRACT [1] Contrasting models of upper crustal shortening versus lower crustal flow have been p... more ABSTRACT [1] Contrasting models of upper crustal shortening versus lower crustal flow have been proposed to explain the formation of thickened crust in the Longmen Shan (LMS), eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP) margin. These models require different structural kinematics along the LMS, whose structural geometry is defined by three parallel NW-dipping fault zones. From foreland (southeast) to hinterland (northwest), they are the Guanxian-Anxian Fault, Yingxiu-Beichuan Fault (YBF), and Wenchuan-Maowen Fault (WMF). Newly derived and previously published low-temperature thermochronology data from the LMS were synthesized to constrain the spatial exhumation and test previous models. The results show that (1) exhumation increases abruptly across the range-bounding YBF, suggesting the fault being the main thrust boundary between the LMS and the Sichuan Basin to the east; (2) Younger Late Cenozoic cooling ages are found on the hinterland WMF, where a dichotomy of ages on the hanging wall versus footwall suggests Late Cenozoic thrust activity; and (3) toward the hinterland to the west, exhumation rates decrease twofold over a distance of ~30–40 km. This exhumation pattern indicates a westward decrease of tectonic uplift, providing the regional topography approached a steady state, whereby exhumation is in balance with tectonic uplift. The observed exhumation estimates support an upper crustal configuration where thrusts in the LMS merge gradually into a gentle detachment seated at a depth of ~20–30 km. Results of this study support a revised upper crustal thrusting model.
Uploads
Papers by Shengbiao Hu