Historian Slaven Kale has directed his scientific interest toward researching Croatian-Polish cultural and political ties, the history of the Polish minority in Croatia, as well as the Croatian Diaspora with the emphasis on Croats in Poland. He obtained his Masters in history at the University of Zagreb, with a thesis on “Ties of the Republic of Ragusa to Poland”. He is a scholar of the Queen Jadwiga Foundation of the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. He is a collaborator in the mutual project of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography and the Institute of Social Sciences Ivo Pilar, titled “A lexicon of the Croatian Diaspora and minorities”. He has collaborated on the project of the Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography titled “Croatian biographic lexicon”, as well as on the mutual project of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts and the Polish Academy of Sciences titled “Croatian-Polish cultural and political ties from 1848 to 1945”. He has held presentations at international scientific conferences. He also held two guest lectures about Croatian-Polish ties at the University of Silesia in Katowice. He has published scientific papers in Croatian and Polish journals about the Polish minority in Croatia, the Croatian Diaspora with the emphasis on the Croats in Poland, and Croatian-Polish cultural ties. At the University of Zagreb, he is currently working on his PhD thesis titled “The political and cultural milieu of Civil Croatia towards the Polish and the Polish question in the second half of the 19th century”. Apart from scientific research, he is also devoted to introducing the general public with the events from the history of Croatian-Polish ties. He is the author of the bilingual exhibition “The Poles’ help to the victims of the earthquake in Zagreb in 1880”, held in the National and University Library in Zagreb (2011) and the International Culture Center in Krakow (2012-2013). Since 2012 he has been giving a cycle of lectures titled “From the history of Croatian-Polish ties”. The lectures are organized by the Representative of the Polish national minority of the City of Zagreb. He is the author of concepts and texts of the bilingual Polish-Croatian guide “Following the Polish footsteps in Zagreb”.
After gaining independence, Croatia’s belonging to the Central European cultural circle was frequ... more After gaining independence, Croatia’s belonging to the Central European cultural circle was frequently emphasised in the Croatian public. Emphasising Croatia’s belonging to Central Europe, as well as understanding the Central European element of Croatian national identity imposes the need for research on Croatia’s role in that region, the attitudes towards other Central European nations as well as the echoes that the events in Central Europe produced in Croatia. The attitudes towards the Polish people and the Croatian public’s perception of events on the Polish territory take a prominent place in such an investigation. The aim of this paper is to present the attitudes of the Croatian political and cultural milieu towards the Polish people and the Polish question in the second half of 19th century. The focus of research was on the writings of Croatian press, primarily newspapers. Research examined the most significant periodical publications of Civil Croatia in the second half of the 19th century. Research was focused on the study of Croatian press during important events in the territories of partitioned Poland, more precisely the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Posen and Galicia. The doctoral thesis is divided into five chapters. The first three present the attitudes of the political public of Civil Croatia towards the Polish people and the Polish question. Views on the events in Galicia and further in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy are presented in the first chapter. The second chapter discusses the views of the Croatian public on the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Posen, while the third elaborates the views on the Polish people in the Kingdom of Poland. The attitudes of the cultural milieu are presented in the fourth chapter. That chapter is divided into following subchapters: magazine Vienac and the Polish people, Bronisław Grabowski and Croatians, and the Polish aid to the victims of the Zagreb earthquake. Croatian-Polish university ties were presented in the last chapter, with an emphasis on the Jagiellonian University. In order to facilitate the understanding of the attitudes of the Croatian public towards the Polish people, some subchapters cover Croatian-Polish ties if they followed a certain event or a person presented in that subchapter. The doctoral thesis contains selected articles on the Polish people published in the researched periodical publications, the lists of Croatians studying at the Jagiellonian University and the lists of translations of Polish literature published in Zagreb's Vienac magazine. The selected articles give a good insight into the writings of Zagreb press of that time about the Polish people, the list of Croatian students at the Jagiellonian University makes it possible to make conclusions about Croatian students in Krakow, and the list of translations of Polish literature in the Vienac magazine is a good indicator of the presence of Polish literature in the Croatian public of that time. Research concluded that in the second half of the 19th century there was no unified position about the Poles within the Croatian public. The views of the Croatian political circle on the Polish people in particular areas of partitioned Poland varied. In general the Croatian public did not express sympathy with the Polish people in the Kingdom of Poland under Russia, but it emphasized the need for the Polish reconciliation with the Russians, which should have resulted in joint effort for the benefit of all Slavic peoples. Such views were particularly accentuated during the January Insurrection (1863-1864) which was presented as a conflict between "Slavic brothers". Along with such dominant views presented in Narodne novine and Pozor, there was a part of the public that showed sympathy to Poland's aspirations to gain independence. August Šenoa belonged to the part of the public that sympathised with the Polish people. The Polish January Insurrection was the only event that was the main topic of the newspapers in Civil Croatia through a longer period of time. The attitude towards the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Posen differed from the dominant attitude towards the Poles under the rule of Russia. The Polish people in this part of partitioned Poland under the rule of Prussia were portrayed primarily as the victims of Germanization and were sympathised with. The Polish people in Galicia were observed primarily through the prism of the work of the Polish representatives in the Imperial Council in Vienna. The feature that was often attributed to the Polish people in the context of their representatives' activities was that they were selfish. In the periods when the Polish people cooperated with the centralist party of the Austrian Germans in the Imperial Council and supported the centralistic government in Vienna, their activities were mostly subject to criticism. In addition to that, the Polish representatives were accused of working against Slavic solidarity, primarily against the Czechs. When the Poles collaborated with the federalist parties and with the Czech representatives, positive attitudes towards them prevailed. The prevailing view of the Croatian political milieu opposed the restoration of the independent and united Poland, the one which would include all the parts of the former Polish-Lithuanian Union. The attitudes towards the Polish in the context of culture were even and positive. The fact that the Polish people have a rich culture, especially literature, was pointed out. The presence of Polish literature in the most important cultural magazine Vienac varied. The largest number of translations of Polish literature was published while August Šenoa was the editor (1874-1881) as well as during the last five years of the publication of the magazine (1899-1903), while there were almost no translations between years 1890 and 1898. The texts on Croatian-Polish cultural ties recognized slavist Bronisław Grabowski as one of the most prominent people to familiarize the Polish community with the Croatian culture as well as one of the most important people of Croatian-Polish ties. He had a significant role in the Polish aid to the victims of the 1880 Zagreb earthquake. Gathered around literary and art societies, the Polish people of Krakow and Lviv published collections of works to help the victims of the earthquake. In the context of aid the Polish people were very positively portrayed in Zagreb newspapers. It was pointed out that the Poles demonstrated their solidarity with the Croatians by helping the citizens of Zagreb. The overview of the public attitude of Civil Croatia towards the Polish people in the second half of the 19th century published in this paper allows for a better understanding of Croatian-Polish connections of that time and points towards the events and persons that made a mark on these ties. The events that should be pointed out are the January Insurrection (1863-1864), the Polish aid to the victims of the Zagreb earthquake (1880-1881), congresses of Slavic Journalists of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1899 and 1901), the 25th anniversary of the literary work of Henryk Sienkiewicz celebrated in Zagreb (1901) and the celebration of the 400th anniversary of Croatian literature (1901). Among the persons who made their mark on Croatian-Polish ties between 1860 and 1903, Bronisław Grabowski, Marian Zdziechowski, Jan Szczepaniak, Paulina Konarzewska, Eugen Kvaternik, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Franjo Marković, Ksaver Šandor Gjalski and August Šenoa stand out.
Isticanje hrvatske pripadnosti srednjoeuropskom kulturnom krugu nameće potrebu istraživanja hrvatske uloge u Srednjoj Europi te odnosa prema drugim narodima i državama tog prostora. Poljaci i Poljska u tim istraživanjima zauzimaju istaknuto mjesto. Cilj rada je prikazati stavove kulturne i političke javnosti Banske Hrvatske o Poljacima u razdoblju od 1860. do 1903. godine. Rad se temelji na istraživanju onovremenih najvažnijih periodičkih publikacija Banske Hrvatske. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su stavovi hrvatske javnosti o Poljacima u kontekstu kulture bili ujednačeni i pozitivni. Stavovi u kontekstu politike su se razlikovali. Izražavane su simpatije prema Poljacima u Velikoj Poznanjskoj Kneževini pod vlašću Pruske. Prema Poljacima u Poljskom Kraljevstvu pod Rusijom hrvatska javnost dominantno nije iskazivala simpatije, nego je naglašavala potrebu poljskog pomirenja s Rusima, što je trebalo rezultirati zajedničkim radom u korist svih slavenskih naroda. Odnos prema Poljacima u Monarhiji prvenstveno je ovisio o djelovanju poljskih zastupnika u Carevinskom vijeću u Beču: kada su Poljaci surađivali s drugim slavenskim zastupnicima (u prvom redu s Česima) i podupirali federalističke vlade u Beču, bili su većinom prikazivani pozitivno, a kada su podržavali centralističke vlade, bili su većinom kritizirani. Prikaz stavova u ovom radu doprinosi boljem razumijevanju hrvatsko-poljskih veza u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća.
The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in C... more The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in Croatia in 2019 and 2020. The bibliography is divided into the translations published in books and those published in journals.
The article presents an outline of the history of the Polish minority in Croatia with a special f... more The article presents an outline of the history of the Polish minority in Croatia with a special focus on important events organised by this national group. The most important periods in the history of the Polish presence in Croatia are discussed, taking into account events from modern times to the present. The main places of Polish settlement in Croatian lands, both in the 19 th century and in the present day, are presented, citing the most recent data from population censuses. The content of the article includes profiles of people who were connected with Croatia at various stages of their lives. Thus, a number of personalities from the world of culture, politics, economic or social life who influenced the further development of Polish-Croatian relations are singled out. All areas influencing the creation of Polish life are also described, especially over the last three decades. The legal status and social position of the Polish minority is presented, and a number of institutions supporting Polish groups in preserving their national identity on Croatian soil are indicated.
Benešić i drugi: zagrebački polonistički doprinosi, 2021
JULIJE BENEŠIĆ IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CONSULATE GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND IN ZAGREB AND ... more JULIJE BENEŠIĆ IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CONSULATE GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND IN ZAGREB AND THE YUGOSLAV MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (1930-1938)
During his eight-year stay as a delegate of the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Warsaw (1930-1938), Julije Benešić distinguished himself by promoting Croatian as well as other South Slavic cultures in Poland. This is evidenced primarily by his pioneering work on starting and editing the Yugoslav Series, but also by teaching at the University of Warsaw, holding a series of language courses and popular lectures on South Slavic cultures and generally connecting cultural circles from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Poland. The paper presents the archival documents of the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Zagreb and the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia produced in the period from 1930 to 1938, which are kept in the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and the Archives of Yugoslavia in Belgrade. Among other things, the report of the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Zagreb on Benešić’s appointment to the position of delegate and Benešić's reports sent to the Ministry of Education have been presented. The presented documents shed good light on this very important period of Julije Benešić's activity in terms of Croatian-Polish ties.
Akademiku Nenadu Vukoviću u čast. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti. Knjiga 15, 2020
Croatian-Polish slavist Vilim Frančić (Daruvar/Austria-Hungary 1896 – Krakow/Poland 1978) was one... more Croatian-Polish slavist Vilim Frančić (Daruvar/Austria-Hungary 1896 – Krakow/Poland 1978) was one of the most prominent promoters of South Slavic peoples and cultures in Poland in the interwar period and in the decades after the Second World War. As a long-time lecturer at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, he familiarized numerous generations of students with Croats as well as other South Slavic nations through his pedagogical and scientific work. He also contributed to the promotion of South Slavic peoples through his work outside the university, i.e. texts in periodicals, radio appearances, and activities within Polish-Yugoslav societies and Polish secondary schools. Based primarily on the legacy of Vilim Frančić, this paper reconstructs his South Slavic network of acquaintances. Names such as Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić, scholar and translator Julije Benešić, and scholar, publicist and writer Ivan Esih stand out in this rich network. Memories of Vilim Frančić, written by linguist, literary historian and academician Nenad Vuković, were also published in this paper.
The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in C... more The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in Croatia in 2018. The bibliography is divided into the translations published in books (a total of 17 translations) and those published in journals (a total of 22 translations).
After World War I, both Poland and Czechoslovakia claimed the area of Cieszyn Silesia. It was an ... more After World War I, both Poland and Czechoslovakia claimed the area of Cieszyn Silesia. It was an area inhabited by Czechs and Poles. At the beginning of November 1918 Poland resumed control over the area, while in the same year the representatives of the local Polish and Czech population reached an agreement on dividing the area based on ethnic criteria. Czechoslovakia took over the area in 1919, whereas a more permanent division of the land happened in 1920. Poland was given the territory of Cieszyn Silesia east of the Olza River, whereas the Czechoslovakia got its western part – Zaolzie. Cieszyn, region’s capital, was divided into two parts – the Polish and the Czechoslovak. In the mid-thirties in Poland there was a growing discontent with the attitude of the Czechoslovak authorities towards Poles in Zaolzie, where the latter represented the majority population. Taking advantage of the German annexation of the Sudetenland, on 30 September 1938 Poland presented the Czechoslovak government with an ultimatum, in which it sought to annex Zaolzie to Poland. The Czechoslovak government accepted the ultimatum. The area that Poland took control over largely coincided with the area which had been allocated to that country by the 1918 Agreement between local Polish and Czech authorities. This paper aims to describe Croatian perception of the 1938 Polish annexation of Zaolzie. It is based primarily on the writing of the most influential Zagreb newspapers of that time and should answer the following: newspaper coverage of the subject matter; positive, negative or neutral attitudes towards the Polish act; and possible different perceptions on the subject in each of the local newspaper in Zagreb. And furthermore, the paper answers the question of whether the annexation of Zaolzie to Poland had an impact on the activities of the Polish minority in Zagreb.
Polska i Jugosławia w XX wieku. Polityka, społeczeństwo, kultura, 2018
Polish organizations in the area of present-day Croatia formed a framework for the development of... more Polish organizations in the area of present-day Croatia formed a framework for the development of Croatian-Polish relations as well as a framework for gathering of and assistance to the Polish minority in the interwar period. The paper briefly presents the Polish organizations that were active in the area of today's Croatia in the interwar period, which aims to provide a better understanding of the Croatian-Polish ties of the day.
Europa Środkowa, Bałkany i Polacy. Studia ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Cetnarowiczowi, 2017
Bronisław Grabowski (1841–1900) was one of the most active contributors to the growth of Polish-C... more Bronisław Grabowski (1841–1900) was one of the most active contributors to the growth of Polish-Croatian cultural cooperation in the second half of the 19th century. He worked as a teacher, but he devoted his life to familiarising Polish readers with the cultures of other Slavic nations, mainly Czechs and Croats. One of his trips to Croatia and Slavonia is described in an official report from 1882, published as an annex to this article. The significance of the document is clearly reflected in the fact that the report was prepared on the order of L. Pejačević, Ban of the Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, and the longest document in the report is signed by the mayor of Zagreb, J. Hoffmann. The document signed by mayer J. Hoffmann tells us that Grabowski stayed at F. Kultat’s house in Zagreb and met the most outstanding representatives of Croatian culture, science and politics, such as I. Kukuljević, Lj. Vukotinović, F. Marković, T. Smičiklas, J. E. Tomić, I. Kostrenčić and I. Vončina. He then left for Velika Kopanica to visit the writer Father A. Tomić, from where he set off to Djakov to see Bishop J. J. Strossmayer.
Witkacy i drugi: zagrebački polonistički doprinosi, 2016
Slavist Vilim Frančić (Daruvar, 1896 – Krakow, 1978) made a large contribution to the
developmen... more Slavist Vilim Frančić (Daruvar, 1896 – Krakow, 1978) made a large contribution to the
development of the Croatian-Polish scientific and cultural bonds in the twentieth century.
In this paper, the scientific work of this Slavic expert is presented through his activities as a lecturer at universities in Krakow (primarily at the Jagiellonian University), his cooperation with the Polish Academy of Fine Arts and the Polish Academy of Sciences, his scientific publications (among which stands out his Serbo-Croatian-Polish dictionary), his participation at scientific conferences, as well as his cooperation with the Faculty of
Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb and the teachers of the Polish language at that Faculty, Julije Benešić and Josip Hamm.
/// U članku je predstavljen znanstveni rad slavista Jagelonskog sveučilišta u Krakovu Hrvata Vilima Frančića (Daruvar, 1896 - Daruvar, 1978).
HAZU Anali Zavoda za znanstveni i umjetnički rad u Osijeku, 2014
Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland/SAD, 1884 – St. Louis/SAD, 1952.) is known as forensic expert and the ... more Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland/SAD, 1884 – St. Louis/SAD, 1952.) is known as forensic expert and the founder and the head of the first Department of Forensic Medicine of the Zagreb School of Medicine. Moreover he is well known as a member of the expert team which investigated the massacre in the Katyn forest near Smolensk, and proved that crimes were committed by Soviets during the Second World War. On the other hand his pathological-anatomical career in Vienna as well as his engagement during the Balkan and the First World War have not been explored so fare. However this segment of his life was important in shaping professional mentality which he adopted under the influence of the most prominent personalities of the period such as Rudolf Virchow, Ludwig Aschoff and Anton Weichselbaum. Their attitudes were inspired by constitutional and military pathology – which was determined to search into the possibilities to achive the healthy constitution of the whole community. Therefore the results of this paper present the part of Miloslavić's professional life in Vienna which enlightens the relationship between medicine and sanitary war organization on one side, and Miloslavić's professional and social attitudes which will become even more prominent during this expertise in Katynu in 1943.
/// Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland-SAD, 1884 – St. Louis-SAD, 1952) u historiografiji je poznat kao forenzičar, voditelj i osnivač Zavoda za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku u Zagrebu (1935-1945) te po svjedočanstvu o masovnim zločinima počinjenima nad Poljacima u Katynskoj šumi tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Njegova patološko-anatomska karijera u Beču te sudjelovanje u Drugome balkanskom i Prvome svjetskom ratu do sada nisu obrađivani. Upravo je taj dio Miloslavićeva života bio presudan za oblikovanje specifične medicinske ideologije koju je usvojio, među čijim su zagovarateljima bili najveća imena onodobne patološke anatomije, poput Rudolfa Virchowa, Ludwiga Aschoffa i Antona Weichselbauma. Njihova su stajališta proizašla iz teorijskog okvira konstitucijske i ratne patologije - struke kojoj se pripisivala mogućnost zaštite zdrave konstitucije cjelokupne zajednice. Prikazani segment Miloslavićevog bečkog razdoblja stoga je važan za razumijevanje međuutjecaja profesije i organizacije saniteta s jedne strane te Miloslavićevog strukovnoga i društvenopolitičkoga opredjeljenja, koji će doći do izražaja tijekom njegova vještačenja u Katynu 1943. godine.
Hrvatska izvan domovine II. Zbornik radova predstavljenih na Drugom hrvatskom iseljeničkom kongresu u Šibeniku 1.-3. srpnja 2016., 2017
U radu se po prvi put na sustavan način prikazuje povijest hrvatske prisutnosti u Poljskoj te dem... more U radu se po prvi put na sustavan način prikazuje povijest hrvatske prisutnosti u Poljskoj te demografska struktura Hrvata u Poljskoj danas.
Lucius. Zbornik radova Društva studenata povijesti "Ivan Lučić - Lucius", 2008
U radu su prikazane veze Dubrovačke Republike i Poljske od početka četrnaestog do početka devetna... more U radu su prikazane veze Dubrovačke Republike i Poljske od početka četrnaestog do početka devetnaestog stoljeća.
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, 2014
W niniejszej pracy ukazane zostały stanowiska zajmowane przez chorwacką opinię publiczną w sprawi... more W niniejszej pracy ukazane zostały stanowiska zajmowane przez chorwacką opinię publiczną w sprawie Polaków i kwestii polskiej w czasie Powstania Styczniowego. Stanowiska te zbadano na podstawie najważniejszych zagrzebskich dzienników: „Pozor” i „Narodne novine”. „Narodne novine” i „Pozor” opowiadały się za odstąpieniem od powstania i były przeciwne niezależności Polski. Na terenie Chorwacji Właściwej istniała jednak część opinii publicznej, która nie zgadzała się z tym głównym nurtem. W „Pozorze” taki sposób myślenia, stojący w opozycji do głównego stanowiska reprezentowanego przez ten dziennik, przedstawiał pisarz August Šenoa, który popierał polską walkę o niepodległość.
The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in C... more The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in Croatia in 2013. The bibliography is divided into the translations published in books (a total of 16 translations) and those published in journals (a total of 21 translations).
After gaining independence, Croatia’s belonging to the Central European cultural circle was frequ... more After gaining independence, Croatia’s belonging to the Central European cultural circle was frequently emphasised in the Croatian public. Emphasising Croatia’s belonging to Central Europe, as well as understanding the Central European element of Croatian national identity imposes the need for research on Croatia’s role in that region, the attitudes towards other Central European nations as well as the echoes that the events in Central Europe produced in Croatia. The attitudes towards the Polish people and the Croatian public’s perception of events on the Polish territory take a prominent place in such an investigation. The aim of this paper is to present the attitudes of the Croatian political and cultural milieu towards the Polish people and the Polish question in the second half of 19th century. The focus of research was on the writings of Croatian press, primarily newspapers. Research examined the most significant periodical publications of Civil Croatia in the second half of the 19th century. Research was focused on the study of Croatian press during important events in the territories of partitioned Poland, more precisely the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Posen and Galicia. The doctoral thesis is divided into five chapters. The first three present the attitudes of the political public of Civil Croatia towards the Polish people and the Polish question. Views on the events in Galicia and further in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy are presented in the first chapter. The second chapter discusses the views of the Croatian public on the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Posen, while the third elaborates the views on the Polish people in the Kingdom of Poland. The attitudes of the cultural milieu are presented in the fourth chapter. That chapter is divided into following subchapters: magazine Vienac and the Polish people, Bronisław Grabowski and Croatians, and the Polish aid to the victims of the Zagreb earthquake. Croatian-Polish university ties were presented in the last chapter, with an emphasis on the Jagiellonian University. In order to facilitate the understanding of the attitudes of the Croatian public towards the Polish people, some subchapters cover Croatian-Polish ties if they followed a certain event or a person presented in that subchapter. The doctoral thesis contains selected articles on the Polish people published in the researched periodical publications, the lists of Croatians studying at the Jagiellonian University and the lists of translations of Polish literature published in Zagreb's Vienac magazine. The selected articles give a good insight into the writings of Zagreb press of that time about the Polish people, the list of Croatian students at the Jagiellonian University makes it possible to make conclusions about Croatian students in Krakow, and the list of translations of Polish literature in the Vienac magazine is a good indicator of the presence of Polish literature in the Croatian public of that time. Research concluded that in the second half of the 19th century there was no unified position about the Poles within the Croatian public. The views of the Croatian political circle on the Polish people in particular areas of partitioned Poland varied. In general the Croatian public did not express sympathy with the Polish people in the Kingdom of Poland under Russia, but it emphasized the need for the Polish reconciliation with the Russians, which should have resulted in joint effort for the benefit of all Slavic peoples. Such views were particularly accentuated during the January Insurrection (1863-1864) which was presented as a conflict between "Slavic brothers". Along with such dominant views presented in Narodne novine and Pozor, there was a part of the public that showed sympathy to Poland's aspirations to gain independence. August Šenoa belonged to the part of the public that sympathised with the Polish people. The Polish January Insurrection was the only event that was the main topic of the newspapers in Civil Croatia through a longer period of time. The attitude towards the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Posen differed from the dominant attitude towards the Poles under the rule of Russia. The Polish people in this part of partitioned Poland under the rule of Prussia were portrayed primarily as the victims of Germanization and were sympathised with. The Polish people in Galicia were observed primarily through the prism of the work of the Polish representatives in the Imperial Council in Vienna. The feature that was often attributed to the Polish people in the context of their representatives' activities was that they were selfish. In the periods when the Polish people cooperated with the centralist party of the Austrian Germans in the Imperial Council and supported the centralistic government in Vienna, their activities were mostly subject to criticism. In addition to that, the Polish representatives were accused of working against Slavic solidarity, primarily against the Czechs. When the Poles collaborated with the federalist parties and with the Czech representatives, positive attitudes towards them prevailed. The prevailing view of the Croatian political milieu opposed the restoration of the independent and united Poland, the one which would include all the parts of the former Polish-Lithuanian Union. The attitudes towards the Polish in the context of culture were even and positive. The fact that the Polish people have a rich culture, especially literature, was pointed out. The presence of Polish literature in the most important cultural magazine Vienac varied. The largest number of translations of Polish literature was published while August Šenoa was the editor (1874-1881) as well as during the last five years of the publication of the magazine (1899-1903), while there were almost no translations between years 1890 and 1898. The texts on Croatian-Polish cultural ties recognized slavist Bronisław Grabowski as one of the most prominent people to familiarize the Polish community with the Croatian culture as well as one of the most important people of Croatian-Polish ties. He had a significant role in the Polish aid to the victims of the 1880 Zagreb earthquake. Gathered around literary and art societies, the Polish people of Krakow and Lviv published collections of works to help the victims of the earthquake. In the context of aid the Polish people were very positively portrayed in Zagreb newspapers. It was pointed out that the Poles demonstrated their solidarity with the Croatians by helping the citizens of Zagreb. The overview of the public attitude of Civil Croatia towards the Polish people in the second half of the 19th century published in this paper allows for a better understanding of Croatian-Polish connections of that time and points towards the events and persons that made a mark on these ties. The events that should be pointed out are the January Insurrection (1863-1864), the Polish aid to the victims of the Zagreb earthquake (1880-1881), congresses of Slavic Journalists of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1899 and 1901), the 25th anniversary of the literary work of Henryk Sienkiewicz celebrated in Zagreb (1901) and the celebration of the 400th anniversary of Croatian literature (1901). Among the persons who made their mark on Croatian-Polish ties between 1860 and 1903, Bronisław Grabowski, Marian Zdziechowski, Jan Szczepaniak, Paulina Konarzewska, Eugen Kvaternik, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Franjo Marković, Ksaver Šandor Gjalski and August Šenoa stand out.
Isticanje hrvatske pripadnosti srednjoeuropskom kulturnom krugu nameće potrebu istraživanja hrvatske uloge u Srednjoj Europi te odnosa prema drugim narodima i državama tog prostora. Poljaci i Poljska u tim istraživanjima zauzimaju istaknuto mjesto. Cilj rada je prikazati stavove kulturne i političke javnosti Banske Hrvatske o Poljacima u razdoblju od 1860. do 1903. godine. Rad se temelji na istraživanju onovremenih najvažnijih periodičkih publikacija Banske Hrvatske. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su stavovi hrvatske javnosti o Poljacima u kontekstu kulture bili ujednačeni i pozitivni. Stavovi u kontekstu politike su se razlikovali. Izražavane su simpatije prema Poljacima u Velikoj Poznanjskoj Kneževini pod vlašću Pruske. Prema Poljacima u Poljskom Kraljevstvu pod Rusijom hrvatska javnost dominantno nije iskazivala simpatije, nego je naglašavala potrebu poljskog pomirenja s Rusima, što je trebalo rezultirati zajedničkim radom u korist svih slavenskih naroda. Odnos prema Poljacima u Monarhiji prvenstveno je ovisio o djelovanju poljskih zastupnika u Carevinskom vijeću u Beču: kada su Poljaci surađivali s drugim slavenskim zastupnicima (u prvom redu s Česima) i podupirali federalističke vlade u Beču, bili su većinom prikazivani pozitivno, a kada su podržavali centralističke vlade, bili su većinom kritizirani. Prikaz stavova u ovom radu doprinosi boljem razumijevanju hrvatsko-poljskih veza u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća.
The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in C... more The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in Croatia in 2019 and 2020. The bibliography is divided into the translations published in books and those published in journals.
The article presents an outline of the history of the Polish minority in Croatia with a special f... more The article presents an outline of the history of the Polish minority in Croatia with a special focus on important events organised by this national group. The most important periods in the history of the Polish presence in Croatia are discussed, taking into account events from modern times to the present. The main places of Polish settlement in Croatian lands, both in the 19 th century and in the present day, are presented, citing the most recent data from population censuses. The content of the article includes profiles of people who were connected with Croatia at various stages of their lives. Thus, a number of personalities from the world of culture, politics, economic or social life who influenced the further development of Polish-Croatian relations are singled out. All areas influencing the creation of Polish life are also described, especially over the last three decades. The legal status and social position of the Polish minority is presented, and a number of institutions supporting Polish groups in preserving their national identity on Croatian soil are indicated.
Benešić i drugi: zagrebački polonistički doprinosi, 2021
JULIJE BENEŠIĆ IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CONSULATE GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND IN ZAGREB AND ... more JULIJE BENEŠIĆ IN THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CONSULATE GENERAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND IN ZAGREB AND THE YUGOSLAV MINISTRY OF EDUCATION (1930-1938)
During his eight-year stay as a delegate of the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Warsaw (1930-1938), Julije Benešić distinguished himself by promoting Croatian as well as other South Slavic cultures in Poland. This is evidenced primarily by his pioneering work on starting and editing the Yugoslav Series, but also by teaching at the University of Warsaw, holding a series of language courses and popular lectures on South Slavic cultures and generally connecting cultural circles from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Poland. The paper presents the archival documents of the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Zagreb and the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia produced in the period from 1930 to 1938, which are kept in the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and the Archives of Yugoslavia in Belgrade. Among other things, the report of the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Zagreb on Benešić’s appointment to the position of delegate and Benešić's reports sent to the Ministry of Education have been presented. The presented documents shed good light on this very important period of Julije Benešić's activity in terms of Croatian-Polish ties.
Akademiku Nenadu Vukoviću u čast. Crnogorska Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti. Knjiga 15, 2020
Croatian-Polish slavist Vilim Frančić (Daruvar/Austria-Hungary 1896 – Krakow/Poland 1978) was one... more Croatian-Polish slavist Vilim Frančić (Daruvar/Austria-Hungary 1896 – Krakow/Poland 1978) was one of the most prominent promoters of South Slavic peoples and cultures in Poland in the interwar period and in the decades after the Second World War. As a long-time lecturer at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, he familiarized numerous generations of students with Croats as well as other South Slavic nations through his pedagogical and scientific work. He also contributed to the promotion of South Slavic peoples through his work outside the university, i.e. texts in periodicals, radio appearances, and activities within Polish-Yugoslav societies and Polish secondary schools. Based primarily on the legacy of Vilim Frančić, this paper reconstructs his South Slavic network of acquaintances. Names such as Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić, scholar and translator Julije Benešić, and scholar, publicist and writer Ivan Esih stand out in this rich network. Memories of Vilim Frančić, written by linguist, literary historian and academician Nenad Vuković, were also published in this paper.
The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in C... more The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in Croatia in 2018. The bibliography is divided into the translations published in books (a total of 17 translations) and those published in journals (a total of 22 translations).
After World War I, both Poland and Czechoslovakia claimed the area of Cieszyn Silesia. It was an ... more After World War I, both Poland and Czechoslovakia claimed the area of Cieszyn Silesia. It was an area inhabited by Czechs and Poles. At the beginning of November 1918 Poland resumed control over the area, while in the same year the representatives of the local Polish and Czech population reached an agreement on dividing the area based on ethnic criteria. Czechoslovakia took over the area in 1919, whereas a more permanent division of the land happened in 1920. Poland was given the territory of Cieszyn Silesia east of the Olza River, whereas the Czechoslovakia got its western part – Zaolzie. Cieszyn, region’s capital, was divided into two parts – the Polish and the Czechoslovak. In the mid-thirties in Poland there was a growing discontent with the attitude of the Czechoslovak authorities towards Poles in Zaolzie, where the latter represented the majority population. Taking advantage of the German annexation of the Sudetenland, on 30 September 1938 Poland presented the Czechoslovak government with an ultimatum, in which it sought to annex Zaolzie to Poland. The Czechoslovak government accepted the ultimatum. The area that Poland took control over largely coincided with the area which had been allocated to that country by the 1918 Agreement between local Polish and Czech authorities. This paper aims to describe Croatian perception of the 1938 Polish annexation of Zaolzie. It is based primarily on the writing of the most influential Zagreb newspapers of that time and should answer the following: newspaper coverage of the subject matter; positive, negative or neutral attitudes towards the Polish act; and possible different perceptions on the subject in each of the local newspaper in Zagreb. And furthermore, the paper answers the question of whether the annexation of Zaolzie to Poland had an impact on the activities of the Polish minority in Zagreb.
Polska i Jugosławia w XX wieku. Polityka, społeczeństwo, kultura, 2018
Polish organizations in the area of present-day Croatia formed a framework for the development of... more Polish organizations in the area of present-day Croatia formed a framework for the development of Croatian-Polish relations as well as a framework for gathering of and assistance to the Polish minority in the interwar period. The paper briefly presents the Polish organizations that were active in the area of today's Croatia in the interwar period, which aims to provide a better understanding of the Croatian-Polish ties of the day.
Europa Środkowa, Bałkany i Polacy. Studia ofiarowane profesorowi Antoniemu Cetnarowiczowi, 2017
Bronisław Grabowski (1841–1900) was one of the most active contributors to the growth of Polish-C... more Bronisław Grabowski (1841–1900) was one of the most active contributors to the growth of Polish-Croatian cultural cooperation in the second half of the 19th century. He worked as a teacher, but he devoted his life to familiarising Polish readers with the cultures of other Slavic nations, mainly Czechs and Croats. One of his trips to Croatia and Slavonia is described in an official report from 1882, published as an annex to this article. The significance of the document is clearly reflected in the fact that the report was prepared on the order of L. Pejačević, Ban of the Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia, and the longest document in the report is signed by the mayor of Zagreb, J. Hoffmann. The document signed by mayer J. Hoffmann tells us that Grabowski stayed at F. Kultat’s house in Zagreb and met the most outstanding representatives of Croatian culture, science and politics, such as I. Kukuljević, Lj. Vukotinović, F. Marković, T. Smičiklas, J. E. Tomić, I. Kostrenčić and I. Vončina. He then left for Velika Kopanica to visit the writer Father A. Tomić, from where he set off to Djakov to see Bishop J. J. Strossmayer.
Witkacy i drugi: zagrebački polonistički doprinosi, 2016
Slavist Vilim Frančić (Daruvar, 1896 – Krakow, 1978) made a large contribution to the
developmen... more Slavist Vilim Frančić (Daruvar, 1896 – Krakow, 1978) made a large contribution to the
development of the Croatian-Polish scientific and cultural bonds in the twentieth century.
In this paper, the scientific work of this Slavic expert is presented through his activities as a lecturer at universities in Krakow (primarily at the Jagiellonian University), his cooperation with the Polish Academy of Fine Arts and the Polish Academy of Sciences, his scientific publications (among which stands out his Serbo-Croatian-Polish dictionary), his participation at scientific conferences, as well as his cooperation with the Faculty of
Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb and the teachers of the Polish language at that Faculty, Julije Benešić and Josip Hamm.
/// U članku je predstavljen znanstveni rad slavista Jagelonskog sveučilišta u Krakovu Hrvata Vilima Frančića (Daruvar, 1896 - Daruvar, 1978).
HAZU Anali Zavoda za znanstveni i umjetnički rad u Osijeku, 2014
Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland/SAD, 1884 – St. Louis/SAD, 1952.) is known as forensic expert and the ... more Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland/SAD, 1884 – St. Louis/SAD, 1952.) is known as forensic expert and the founder and the head of the first Department of Forensic Medicine of the Zagreb School of Medicine. Moreover he is well known as a member of the expert team which investigated the massacre in the Katyn forest near Smolensk, and proved that crimes were committed by Soviets during the Second World War. On the other hand his pathological-anatomical career in Vienna as well as his engagement during the Balkan and the First World War have not been explored so fare. However this segment of his life was important in shaping professional mentality which he adopted under the influence of the most prominent personalities of the period such as Rudolf Virchow, Ludwig Aschoff and Anton Weichselbaum. Their attitudes were inspired by constitutional and military pathology – which was determined to search into the possibilities to achive the healthy constitution of the whole community. Therefore the results of this paper present the part of Miloslavić's professional life in Vienna which enlightens the relationship between medicine and sanitary war organization on one side, and Miloslavić's professional and social attitudes which will become even more prominent during this expertise in Katynu in 1943.
/// Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland-SAD, 1884 – St. Louis-SAD, 1952) u historiografiji je poznat kao forenzičar, voditelj i osnivač Zavoda za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku u Zagrebu (1935-1945) te po svjedočanstvu o masovnim zločinima počinjenima nad Poljacima u Katynskoj šumi tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Njegova patološko-anatomska karijera u Beču te sudjelovanje u Drugome balkanskom i Prvome svjetskom ratu do sada nisu obrađivani. Upravo je taj dio Miloslavićeva života bio presudan za oblikovanje specifične medicinske ideologije koju je usvojio, među čijim su zagovarateljima bili najveća imena onodobne patološke anatomije, poput Rudolfa Virchowa, Ludwiga Aschoffa i Antona Weichselbauma. Njihova su stajališta proizašla iz teorijskog okvira konstitucijske i ratne patologije - struke kojoj se pripisivala mogućnost zaštite zdrave konstitucije cjelokupne zajednice. Prikazani segment Miloslavićevog bečkog razdoblja stoga je važan za razumijevanje međuutjecaja profesije i organizacije saniteta s jedne strane te Miloslavićevog strukovnoga i društvenopolitičkoga opredjeljenja, koji će doći do izražaja tijekom njegova vještačenja u Katynu 1943. godine.
Hrvatska izvan domovine II. Zbornik radova predstavljenih na Drugom hrvatskom iseljeničkom kongresu u Šibeniku 1.-3. srpnja 2016., 2017
U radu se po prvi put na sustavan način prikazuje povijest hrvatske prisutnosti u Poljskoj te dem... more U radu se po prvi put na sustavan način prikazuje povijest hrvatske prisutnosti u Poljskoj te demografska struktura Hrvata u Poljskoj danas.
Lucius. Zbornik radova Društva studenata povijesti "Ivan Lučić - Lucius", 2008
U radu su prikazane veze Dubrovačke Republike i Poljske od početka četrnaestog do početka devetna... more U radu su prikazane veze Dubrovačke Republike i Poljske od početka četrnaestog do početka devetnaestog stoljeća.
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej, 2014
W niniejszej pracy ukazane zostały stanowiska zajmowane przez chorwacką opinię publiczną w sprawi... more W niniejszej pracy ukazane zostały stanowiska zajmowane przez chorwacką opinię publiczną w sprawie Polaków i kwestii polskiej w czasie Powstania Styczniowego. Stanowiska te zbadano na podstawie najważniejszych zagrzebskich dzienników: „Pozor” i „Narodne novine”. „Narodne novine” i „Pozor” opowiadały się za odstąpieniem od powstania i były przeciwne niezależności Polski. Na terenie Chorwacji Właściwej istniała jednak część opinii publicznej, która nie zgadzała się z tym głównym nurtem. W „Pozorze” taki sposób myślenia, stojący w opozycji do głównego stanowiska reprezentowanego przez ten dziennik, przedstawiał pisarz August Šenoa, który popierał polską walkę o niepodległość.
The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in C... more The article includes a bibliography of the translations from the Polish literature published in Croatia in 2013. The bibliography is divided into the translations published in books (a total of 16 translations) and those published in journals (a total of 21 translations).
Nacionalne manjine u Hrvatskoj i Hrvati manjina - europski izazovi, 2015
In this article the history of the Polish minority in Croatia from 1945 to 2015 has been shown. T... more In this article the history of the Polish minority in Croatia from 1945 to 2015 has been shown. The author drew special attention to demographic movements of the Polish minority in Croatia, the participation of Poles in the Croatian War of Independence, the institutional frame of Poles’ activities in Croatia (representatives of the Polish minority, Polish associations and a Polish school), as well as the work of Polish priests in Croatia. The article has a rich bibliography which forms the base for future research on the Polish minority in Croatia.
The author presents the book by Leszek Małczak, “Croatica. Croatian literature and culture in Pol... more The author presents the book by Leszek Małczak, “Croatica. Croatian literature and culture in Poland between 1944 and 1989”. This is a major work for understanding Croatian-Polish ties in the second half of the 20th century, as well as one of the fundamental books about the reception of Croatian culture in the world. The University of Silesia published the book in 2013.
IV. kongres hrvatskih povjesničara 2012. - Sloboda. Zbornik sažetaka, 2012
Težnja za slobodom poljska je misao vodilja tijekom razdoblja omeđenog 1795. i 1918. godinom. Sij... more Težnja za slobodom poljska je misao vodilja tijekom razdoblja omeđenog 1795. i 1918. godinom. Siječanjski ustanak koji su Poljaci vodili protiv ruske vlasti na području Poljskoga kraljevstva 1863. godine najistaknutiji je događaj njihove nacionalne povijesti druge polovice 19. stoljeća. Cilj tog ustanka, koji je s pozornošću pratila europska javnost, bila je borba za slobodnu i nezavisnu državu. U referatu će se prikazati kako je javnost Banske Hrvatske gledala na događaje u Poljskom kraljevstvu 1863./1864. godine. Na temelju pisanja Pozora i Narodnih novina, najutjecajnijih hrvatskih dnevnika, odgovorit će se na pitanja koliko je Siječanjski ustanak bio prisutan u javnosti Banske Hrvatske te kako su tijekom 1863. i 1864. godine prikazivani Poljaci, a kako ruska vlast. Osobita pozornost posvetit će se promjeni stavova koja je nastupila razvojem ustanka i postojanju razlika u prikazivanju zaraćenih strana na stranicama spomenutih dnevnih novina.
Poljaci su jedna od izrijekom spomenutih nacionalnih manjina u ''Ustavnom zakonu o ljudskim pravi... more Poljaci su jedna od izrijekom spomenutih nacionalnih manjina u ''Ustavnom zakonu o ljudskim pravima i slobodama i o pravima etničkih i nacionalnih zajednica ili manjina u Republici Hrvatskoj''. Prema tom zakonu Republika Hrvatska štiti ravnopravnost i potiče svestrani razvoj pripadnika poljske nacionalne manjine.
U izlaganju će se poljskoj manjini pristupiti interdisciplinarno. Njena će se povijest prikazati s demografskog, kulturnog i vjerskog aspekta. Kako je na djelovanje Poljaka u Hrvatskoj utjecao odnos FNRJ/SFRJ i Narodne Republike Poljske (PRL), odnosno Republike Hrvatske i Republike Poljske, usputno će se spomenuti bitne odrednice tih odnosa.
Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata većina pripadnika poljske manjine u Hrvatskoj preseljena je u Poljsku (1946-1948). Od šezdesetih do osamdesetih godina dolazi novi val Poljaka i to kao rezultat mješovitih brakova, koji su bili posljedica bolje suradnje dviju država. Razdoblje 70-ih godina značajno je i po brojnim kratkotrajnim ekonomskim migracijama iz Poljske u Hrvatsku. U nedostatku poljskih udruga, ključnu ulogu u organiziranju i međusobnom povezivanju poljske manjine prije hrvatskog osamostaljenja imao je poljski konzulat u Zagrebu. Godine 1990. osnovana je u Zagrebu Poljska kulturna udruga ''Mikołaj Kopernik'', a nakon 2000. godine u Hrvatskoj su osnovana još četiri poljska društva. Poljaci su dali svoj doprinos boreći se u Domovinskom ratu, u kojem ih je nekoliko poginulo. Govoreći o poljskoj manjini treba spomenuti poljske svećenike koji djeluju u Hrvatskoj, prvenstveno članove pavlinskog i dehonijanskog reda. Prema zadnjem obrađenom popisu stanovništva (2001), u Republici Hrvatskoj živi 567 pripadnika poljske manjine, dok je prema procjenama poljskog veleposlanstva i poljskih udruga taj broj oko 2400.
15. znanstveno-stručni skup Rijeka i Riječani u medicinskoj povjesnici. Zbornik sažetaka. 2014.
Eduard Miloslavić (1884-1952) u stručnoj javnosti poznat je kao prvi voditelj Zavoda za sudsku me... more Eduard Miloslavić (1884-1952) u stručnoj javnosti poznat je kao prvi voditelj Zavoda za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku u Zagrebu i kao svjedok istine o sovjetskom zločinu nad poljskim časnicima, počinjenom u Katynskoj šumi 1940. godine. Njegovo djelovanje izvan tih okvira dosada nije bilo predmet sustavnog istraživanja. U izlaganju će se po prvi put predstaviti rad Eduarda Miloslavića uoči i tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata, kada je boravio u Risnom i Beogradu. Njegov znanstveni interes tada je bio usmjeren na organizaciju vojnog saniteta i na teoriju o konstitucijskoj patologiji. Promatrano razdoblje iznimno je važno za razumijevanje Miloslavićevog kasnijeg djelovanja, jer je utjecalo na njegov stav o važnosti patologije i na njegov konzervativni svjetonazor, kojeg će propagirati tijekom čitave karijere. Posljedice takvog stava i svjetonazora jasno su vidljive upravo u Miloslavićevom zagovaranju istine o pokolju u Katynskoj šumi. Istraživanje je provedeno na arhivskoj građi i znanstvenim radovima, koje je Eduard Miloslavić objavio u razdoblju Drugog balkanskog i Prvog svjetskog rata.
[Konferencja Polska i Jugosławia w XX wieku. Polityka – społeczeństwo – kultura. 2017]
U hrvatsko-poljskim odnosima međuratno razdoblje nisu obilježili samo značajni pojedinci poput Ju... more U hrvatsko-poljskim odnosima međuratno razdoblje nisu obilježili samo značajni pojedinci poput Julija Benešića ili Vilima Frančića, koji su radili na upoznavanju poljske javnosti s Hrvatima i drugim južnim Slavenima te hrvatske javnosti s Poljacima. To razdoblje obilježile su i poljske udruge koje su djelovale na području Hrvatske te jugoslavenske udruge koje su djelovale na području Poljske. Poljske udruge, koje su djelovale na području Hrvatske, mogu se podijeliti na udruge za kulturnu suradnju, na udrugu Poljaka Ognisko Polskie te na udruge koje su bile registrirane u Poljskoj, a svoj su rad usmjerile na Jadran. Spominjući udrugu Poljaka treba napomenuti da je na području Savske Banovine prema popisu stanovništva iz 1931. godine živjelo čak 3875 osoba poljske narodnosti. Dodatnu važnost udruzi Poljaka daje činjenica da je djelovala i na području Bosne. U izlaganju će ukratko biti predstavljene poljske udruge na području današnje Hrvatskoj u razdoblju između dva svjetska rata. Izlaganje se temelji na arhivskom materijalu konzulata Republike Poljske u Zagrebu iz međuratnog razdoblja, statutima udruga te poznanjskom časopisu Przegląd Polsko-Jugosłowiański (1934-1939).
//
W stosunkach polsko-chorwackich w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym ważne miejsce zajmują nie tylko pojedyncze osoby, takie jak Julije Benešić czy Vilim Frančić, które zapoznawały społeczeństwo chorwackie z Polakami i społeczeństwo polskie z Chorwatami i innymi Słowianami południowymi, ale także polskie stowarzyszenia, działające na terytorium Chorwacji oraz stowarzyszenia jugosłowiańskie, działające na terytorium Polski. Polskie stowarzyszenia, które funkcjonowały na obszarze Chorwacji, można podzielić na stowarzyszenia działające w dziedzinie kultury, stowarzyszenia związane z działalnością turystyczną, zarejestrowane w Polsce, ale ukierunkowane na obszar Adriatyku oraz stowarzyszenia polskiej diaspory, do których należy jedynie stowarzyszenie Polaków „Ognisko Polskie“. Mówiąc o stowarzyszeniu polskiej diaspory trzeba nadmienić, że według spisu powszechnego z 1931 roku na terytorium Savskiej Banoviny mieszkało aż 3875 osób polskiej narodowości. Dodatkowe znaczenie dodaje stowarzyszeniu Polaków fakt, iż działało ono również na terytorium Bośni.
W niniejszym referacie zostaną krótko przedstawione polskie stowarzyszenia działające w okresie międzywojennym na terytorium dzisiejszej Chorwacji. Referat opiera się na materiałach archiwalnych konsulatu Rzeczypospolitej Polski w Zagrzebiu z okresu międzywojennego. W badaniu wykorzystano ponadto statuty stowarzyszeń oraz materiały opublikowane w poznańskim czasopiśmie Przegląd Polsko-Jugosłowiański w latach 1934-1939.
V. kongres hrvatskih povjesničara. Krize, sukobi i solidarnost u povijesnoj perspektivi. Zbornik sažetaka, 2016
Tijekom međuratnog razdoblja jedan od najistaknutijih forenzičara u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državam... more Tijekom međuratnog razdoblja jedan od najistaknutijih forenzičara u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama bio je hrvatski iseljenik Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland/SAD, 1884. – St. Louis/SAD, 1952.), o čemu svjedoče izvještaji vodećih američkih medija tog razdoblja. U hrvatskoj historiografiji Eduard Miloslavić je poznat kao osnivač i voditelj Zavoda za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku u Zagrebu (1935.-1945.) te po istraživanju masovnih zločina počinjenih nad Poljacima u Katynskoj šumi tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. U radu će se prikazati njegov znanstveni i stručni rad na području medicinskih znanosti u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, koji je prethodio povratku u Zagreb i osnutku spomenutog Zavoda. U međuratnom razdoblju Miloslavić je bio zaposlen na mjestu direktora Odjela patologije i bakteriologije Sveučilišta Marquette u Milwakeeju, patologa u Deaconess bolnici, savjetnika patologa u Bolnici St. Michael u Stevens Pointu te savjetnika za sudsku medicinu države Wisconsin. Popularnost u SAD-u stekao je radeći kao forenzičar u mnogim istaknutim procesima, o čemu su izvještavali vodeći američki mediji. Znanstveni i posebice stručni rad u SAD-u imali su presudan utjecaj na njegovo imenovanje za voditelja Zavoda za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku u Zagrebu te na njegovo sudjelovanje u istraživanju zločina u Katynskoj šumi.
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The attitudes towards the Polish people and the Croatian public’s perception of events on the Polish territory take a prominent place in such an investigation.
The aim of this paper is to present the attitudes of the Croatian political and cultural milieu towards the Polish people and the Polish question in the second half of 19th century.
The focus of research was on the writings of Croatian press, primarily newspapers. Research examined the most significant periodical publications of Civil Croatia in the second half of the 19th century.
Research was focused on the study of Croatian press during important events in the territories of partitioned Poland, more precisely the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Posen and Galicia.
The doctoral thesis is divided into five chapters. The first three present the attitudes of the political public of Civil Croatia towards the Polish people and the Polish question. Views on the events in Galicia and further in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy are presented in the first chapter. The second chapter discusses the views of the Croatian public on the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Posen, while the third elaborates the views on the Polish people in the Kingdom of Poland. The attitudes of the cultural milieu are presented in the fourth chapter. That chapter is divided into following subchapters: magazine Vienac and the Polish people, Bronisław Grabowski and Croatians, and the Polish aid to the victims of the Zagreb earthquake. Croatian-Polish university ties were presented in the last chapter, with an emphasis on the Jagiellonian University.
In order to facilitate the understanding of the attitudes of the Croatian public towards the Polish people, some subchapters cover Croatian-Polish ties if they followed a certain event or a person presented in that subchapter.
The doctoral thesis contains selected articles on the Polish people published in the researched periodical publications, the lists of Croatians studying at the Jagiellonian University and the lists of translations of Polish literature published in Zagreb's Vienac magazine. The selected articles give a good insight into the writings of Zagreb press of that time about the Polish people, the list of Croatian students at the Jagiellonian University makes it possible to make conclusions about Croatian students in Krakow, and the list of translations of Polish literature in the Vienac magazine is a good indicator of the presence of Polish literature in the Croatian public of that time.
Research concluded that in the second half of the 19th century there was no unified position about the Poles within the Croatian public.
The views of the Croatian political circle on the Polish people in particular areas of partitioned Poland varied. In general the Croatian public did not express sympathy with the Polish people in the Kingdom of Poland under Russia, but it emphasized the need for the Polish reconciliation with the Russians, which should have resulted in joint effort for the benefit of all Slavic peoples. Such views were particularly accentuated during the January Insurrection (1863-1864) which was presented as a conflict between "Slavic brothers". Along with such dominant views presented in Narodne novine and Pozor, there was a part of the public that showed sympathy to Poland's aspirations to gain independence. August Šenoa belonged to the part of the public that sympathised with the Polish people. The Polish January Insurrection was the only event that was the main topic of the newspapers in Civil Croatia through a longer period of time.
The attitude towards the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Posen differed from the dominant attitude towards the Poles under the rule of Russia. The Polish people in this part of partitioned Poland under the rule of Prussia were portrayed primarily as the victims of Germanization and were sympathised with.
The Polish people in Galicia were observed primarily through the prism of the work of the Polish representatives in the Imperial Council in Vienna. The feature that was often attributed to the Polish people in the context of their representatives' activities was that they were selfish. In the periods when the Polish people cooperated with the centralist party of the Austrian Germans in the Imperial Council and supported the centralistic government in Vienna, their activities were mostly subject to criticism. In addition to that, the Polish representatives were accused of working against Slavic solidarity, primarily against the Czechs. When the Poles collaborated with the federalist parties and with the Czech representatives, positive attitudes towards them prevailed.
The prevailing view of the Croatian political milieu opposed the restoration of the independent and united Poland, the one which would include all the parts of the former Polish-Lithuanian Union.
The attitudes towards the Polish in the context of culture were even and positive. The fact that the Polish people have a rich culture, especially literature, was pointed out. The presence of Polish literature in the most important cultural magazine Vienac varied. The largest number of translations of Polish literature was published while August Šenoa was the editor (1874-1881) as well as during the last five years of the publication of the magazine (1899-1903), while there were almost no translations between years 1890 and 1898. The texts on Croatian-Polish cultural ties recognized slavist Bronisław Grabowski as one of the most prominent people to familiarize the Polish community with the Croatian culture as well as one of the most important people of Croatian-Polish ties. He had a significant role in the Polish aid to the victims of the 1880 Zagreb earthquake. Gathered around literary and art societies, the Polish people of Krakow and Lviv published collections of works to help the victims of the earthquake. In the context of aid the Polish people were very positively portrayed in Zagreb newspapers. It was pointed out that the Poles demonstrated their solidarity with the Croatians by helping the citizens of Zagreb.
The overview of the public attitude of Civil Croatia towards the Polish people in the second half of the 19th century published in this paper allows for a better understanding of Croatian-Polish connections of that time and points towards the events and persons that made a mark on these ties. The events that should be pointed out are the January Insurrection (1863-1864), the Polish aid to the victims of the Zagreb earthquake (1880-1881), congresses of Slavic Journalists of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1899 and 1901), the 25th anniversary of the literary work of Henryk Sienkiewicz celebrated in Zagreb (1901) and the celebration of the 400th anniversary of Croatian literature (1901). Among the persons who made their mark on Croatian-Polish ties between 1860 and 1903, Bronisław Grabowski, Marian Zdziechowski, Jan Szczepaniak, Paulina Konarzewska, Eugen Kvaternik, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Franjo Marković, Ksaver Šandor Gjalski and August Šenoa stand out.
Isticanje hrvatske pripadnosti srednjoeuropskom kulturnom krugu nameće potrebu istraživanja hrvatske uloge u Srednjoj Europi te odnosa prema drugim narodima i državama tog prostora. Poljaci i Poljska u tim istraživanjima zauzimaju istaknuto mjesto. Cilj rada je prikazati stavove kulturne i političke javnosti Banske Hrvatske o Poljacima u razdoblju od 1860. do 1903. godine. Rad se temelji na istraživanju onovremenih najvažnijih periodičkih publikacija Banske Hrvatske. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su stavovi hrvatske javnosti o Poljacima u kontekstu kulture bili ujednačeni i pozitivni. Stavovi u kontekstu politike su se razlikovali. Izražavane su simpatije prema Poljacima u Velikoj Poznanjskoj Kneževini pod vlašću Pruske. Prema Poljacima u Poljskom Kraljevstvu pod Rusijom hrvatska javnost dominantno nije iskazivala simpatije, nego je naglašavala potrebu poljskog pomirenja s Rusima, što je trebalo rezultirati zajedničkim radom u korist svih slavenskih naroda. Odnos prema Poljacima u Monarhiji prvenstveno je ovisio o djelovanju poljskih zastupnika u Carevinskom vijeću u Beču: kada su Poljaci surađivali s drugim slavenskim zastupnicima (u prvom redu s Česima) i podupirali federalističke vlade u Beču, bili su većinom prikazivani pozitivno, a kada su podržavali centralističke vlade, bili su većinom kritizirani. Prikaz stavova u ovom radu doprinosi boljem razumijevanju hrvatsko-poljskih veza u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća.
Papers by Slaven Kale
During his eight-year stay as a delegate of the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Warsaw (1930-1938), Julije Benešić distinguished himself by promoting Croatian as well as other South Slavic cultures in Poland. This is evidenced primarily by his pioneering work on starting and editing the Yugoslav Series, but also by teaching at the University of Warsaw, holding a series of language courses and popular lectures on South Slavic cultures and generally connecting cultural circles from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Poland.
The paper presents the archival documents of the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Zagreb and the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia produced in the period from 1930 to 1938, which are kept in the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and the Archives of Yugoslavia in Belgrade. Among other things, the report of the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Zagreb on Benešić’s appointment to the position of delegate and Benešić's reports sent to the Ministry of Education have been presented. The presented documents shed good light on this very important period of Julije Benešić's activity in terms of Croatian-Polish ties.
Based primarily on the legacy of Vilim Frančić, this paper reconstructs his South Slavic network of acquaintances. Names such as Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić, scholar and translator Julije Benešić, and scholar, publicist and writer Ivan Esih stand out in this rich network. Memories of Vilim Frančić, written by linguist, literary historian and academician Nenad Vuković, were also published in this paper.
This paper aims to describe Croatian perception of the 1938 Polish annexation of Zaolzie. It is based primarily on the writing of the most influential Zagreb newspapers of that time and should answer the following: newspaper coverage of the subject matter; positive, negative or neutral attitudes towards the Polish act; and possible different perceptions on the subject in each of the local newspaper in Zagreb. And furthermore, the paper answers the question of whether the annexation of Zaolzie to Poland had an impact on the activities of the Polish minority in Zagreb.
development of the Croatian-Polish scientific and cultural bonds in the twentieth century.
In this paper, the scientific work of this Slavic expert is presented through his activities as a lecturer at universities in Krakow (primarily at the Jagiellonian University), his cooperation with the Polish Academy of Fine Arts and the Polish Academy of Sciences, his scientific publications (among which stands out his Serbo-Croatian-Polish dictionary), his participation at scientific conferences, as well as his cooperation with the Faculty of
Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb and the teachers of the Polish language at that Faculty, Julije Benešić and Josip Hamm.
/// U članku je predstavljen znanstveni rad slavista Jagelonskog sveučilišta u Krakovu Hrvata Vilima Frančića (Daruvar, 1896 - Daruvar, 1978).
/// Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland-SAD, 1884 – St. Louis-SAD, 1952) u historiografiji je poznat kao forenzičar, voditelj i osnivač Zavoda za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku u Zagrebu (1935-1945) te po svjedočanstvu o masovnim zločinima počinjenima nad Poljacima u Katynskoj šumi tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Njegova patološko-anatomska karijera u Beču te sudjelovanje u Drugome balkanskom i Prvome svjetskom ratu do sada nisu obrađivani. Upravo je taj dio Miloslavićeva života bio presudan za oblikovanje specifične medicinske ideologije koju je usvojio, među čijim su zagovarateljima bili najveća imena onodobne patološke anatomije, poput Rudolfa Virchowa, Ludwiga Aschoffa i Antona Weichselbauma. Njihova su stajališta proizašla iz teorijskog okvira konstitucijske i ratne patologije - struke kojoj se pripisivala mogućnost zaštite zdrave konstitucije cjelokupne zajednice. Prikazani segment Miloslavićevog bečkog razdoblja stoga je važan za razumijevanje međuutjecaja profesije i organizacije saniteta s jedne strane te Miloslavićevog strukovnoga i društvenopolitičkoga opredjeljenja, koji će doći do izražaja tijekom njegova vještačenja u Katynu 1943. godine.
The attitudes towards the Polish people and the Croatian public’s perception of events on the Polish territory take a prominent place in such an investigation.
The aim of this paper is to present the attitudes of the Croatian political and cultural milieu towards the Polish people and the Polish question in the second half of 19th century.
The focus of research was on the writings of Croatian press, primarily newspapers. Research examined the most significant periodical publications of Civil Croatia in the second half of the 19th century.
Research was focused on the study of Croatian press during important events in the territories of partitioned Poland, more precisely the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Posen and Galicia.
The doctoral thesis is divided into five chapters. The first three present the attitudes of the political public of Civil Croatia towards the Polish people and the Polish question. Views on the events in Galicia and further in Austro-Hungarian Monarchy are presented in the first chapter. The second chapter discusses the views of the Croatian public on the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Posen, while the third elaborates the views on the Polish people in the Kingdom of Poland. The attitudes of the cultural milieu are presented in the fourth chapter. That chapter is divided into following subchapters: magazine Vienac and the Polish people, Bronisław Grabowski and Croatians, and the Polish aid to the victims of the Zagreb earthquake. Croatian-Polish university ties were presented in the last chapter, with an emphasis on the Jagiellonian University.
In order to facilitate the understanding of the attitudes of the Croatian public towards the Polish people, some subchapters cover Croatian-Polish ties if they followed a certain event or a person presented in that subchapter.
The doctoral thesis contains selected articles on the Polish people published in the researched periodical publications, the lists of Croatians studying at the Jagiellonian University and the lists of translations of Polish literature published in Zagreb's Vienac magazine. The selected articles give a good insight into the writings of Zagreb press of that time about the Polish people, the list of Croatian students at the Jagiellonian University makes it possible to make conclusions about Croatian students in Krakow, and the list of translations of Polish literature in the Vienac magazine is a good indicator of the presence of Polish literature in the Croatian public of that time.
Research concluded that in the second half of the 19th century there was no unified position about the Poles within the Croatian public.
The views of the Croatian political circle on the Polish people in particular areas of partitioned Poland varied. In general the Croatian public did not express sympathy with the Polish people in the Kingdom of Poland under Russia, but it emphasized the need for the Polish reconciliation with the Russians, which should have resulted in joint effort for the benefit of all Slavic peoples. Such views were particularly accentuated during the January Insurrection (1863-1864) which was presented as a conflict between "Slavic brothers". Along with such dominant views presented in Narodne novine and Pozor, there was a part of the public that showed sympathy to Poland's aspirations to gain independence. August Šenoa belonged to the part of the public that sympathised with the Polish people. The Polish January Insurrection was the only event that was the main topic of the newspapers in Civil Croatia through a longer period of time.
The attitude towards the Polish people in the Grand Duchy of Posen differed from the dominant attitude towards the Poles under the rule of Russia. The Polish people in this part of partitioned Poland under the rule of Prussia were portrayed primarily as the victims of Germanization and were sympathised with.
The Polish people in Galicia were observed primarily through the prism of the work of the Polish representatives in the Imperial Council in Vienna. The feature that was often attributed to the Polish people in the context of their representatives' activities was that they were selfish. In the periods when the Polish people cooperated with the centralist party of the Austrian Germans in the Imperial Council and supported the centralistic government in Vienna, their activities were mostly subject to criticism. In addition to that, the Polish representatives were accused of working against Slavic solidarity, primarily against the Czechs. When the Poles collaborated with the federalist parties and with the Czech representatives, positive attitudes towards them prevailed.
The prevailing view of the Croatian political milieu opposed the restoration of the independent and united Poland, the one which would include all the parts of the former Polish-Lithuanian Union.
The attitudes towards the Polish in the context of culture were even and positive. The fact that the Polish people have a rich culture, especially literature, was pointed out. The presence of Polish literature in the most important cultural magazine Vienac varied. The largest number of translations of Polish literature was published while August Šenoa was the editor (1874-1881) as well as during the last five years of the publication of the magazine (1899-1903), while there were almost no translations between years 1890 and 1898. The texts on Croatian-Polish cultural ties recognized slavist Bronisław Grabowski as one of the most prominent people to familiarize the Polish community with the Croatian culture as well as one of the most important people of Croatian-Polish ties. He had a significant role in the Polish aid to the victims of the 1880 Zagreb earthquake. Gathered around literary and art societies, the Polish people of Krakow and Lviv published collections of works to help the victims of the earthquake. In the context of aid the Polish people were very positively portrayed in Zagreb newspapers. It was pointed out that the Poles demonstrated their solidarity with the Croatians by helping the citizens of Zagreb.
The overview of the public attitude of Civil Croatia towards the Polish people in the second half of the 19th century published in this paper allows for a better understanding of Croatian-Polish connections of that time and points towards the events and persons that made a mark on these ties. The events that should be pointed out are the January Insurrection (1863-1864), the Polish aid to the victims of the Zagreb earthquake (1880-1881), congresses of Slavic Journalists of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1899 and 1901), the 25th anniversary of the literary work of Henryk Sienkiewicz celebrated in Zagreb (1901) and the celebration of the 400th anniversary of Croatian literature (1901). Among the persons who made their mark on Croatian-Polish ties between 1860 and 1903, Bronisław Grabowski, Marian Zdziechowski, Jan Szczepaniak, Paulina Konarzewska, Eugen Kvaternik, Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Franjo Marković, Ksaver Šandor Gjalski and August Šenoa stand out.
Isticanje hrvatske pripadnosti srednjoeuropskom kulturnom krugu nameće potrebu istraživanja hrvatske uloge u Srednjoj Europi te odnosa prema drugim narodima i državama tog prostora. Poljaci i Poljska u tim istraživanjima zauzimaju istaknuto mjesto. Cilj rada je prikazati stavove kulturne i političke javnosti Banske Hrvatske o Poljacima u razdoblju od 1860. do 1903. godine. Rad se temelji na istraživanju onovremenih najvažnijih periodičkih publikacija Banske Hrvatske. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da su stavovi hrvatske javnosti o Poljacima u kontekstu kulture bili ujednačeni i pozitivni. Stavovi u kontekstu politike su se razlikovali. Izražavane su simpatije prema Poljacima u Velikoj Poznanjskoj Kneževini pod vlašću Pruske. Prema Poljacima u Poljskom Kraljevstvu pod Rusijom hrvatska javnost dominantno nije iskazivala simpatije, nego je naglašavala potrebu poljskog pomirenja s Rusima, što je trebalo rezultirati zajedničkim radom u korist svih slavenskih naroda. Odnos prema Poljacima u Monarhiji prvenstveno je ovisio o djelovanju poljskih zastupnika u Carevinskom vijeću u Beču: kada su Poljaci surađivali s drugim slavenskim zastupnicima (u prvom redu s Česima) i podupirali federalističke vlade u Beču, bili su većinom prikazivani pozitivno, a kada su podržavali centralističke vlade, bili su većinom kritizirani. Prikaz stavova u ovom radu doprinosi boljem razumijevanju hrvatsko-poljskih veza u drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća.
During his eight-year stay as a delegate of the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Warsaw (1930-1938), Julije Benešić distinguished himself by promoting Croatian as well as other South Slavic cultures in Poland. This is evidenced primarily by his pioneering work on starting and editing the Yugoslav Series, but also by teaching at the University of Warsaw, holding a series of language courses and popular lectures on South Slavic cultures and generally connecting cultural circles from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Poland.
The paper presents the archival documents of the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Zagreb and the Ministry of Education of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia produced in the period from 1930 to 1938, which are kept in the Central Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw and the Archives of Yugoslavia in Belgrade. Among other things, the report of the Consulate General of the Republic of Poland in Zagreb on Benešić’s appointment to the position of delegate and Benešić's reports sent to the Ministry of Education have been presented. The presented documents shed good light on this very important period of Julije Benešić's activity in terms of Croatian-Polish ties.
Based primarily on the legacy of Vilim Frančić, this paper reconstructs his South Slavic network of acquaintances. Names such as Nobel laureate Ivo Andrić, scholar and translator Julije Benešić, and scholar, publicist and writer Ivan Esih stand out in this rich network. Memories of Vilim Frančić, written by linguist, literary historian and academician Nenad Vuković, were also published in this paper.
This paper aims to describe Croatian perception of the 1938 Polish annexation of Zaolzie. It is based primarily on the writing of the most influential Zagreb newspapers of that time and should answer the following: newspaper coverage of the subject matter; positive, negative or neutral attitudes towards the Polish act; and possible different perceptions on the subject in each of the local newspaper in Zagreb. And furthermore, the paper answers the question of whether the annexation of Zaolzie to Poland had an impact on the activities of the Polish minority in Zagreb.
development of the Croatian-Polish scientific and cultural bonds in the twentieth century.
In this paper, the scientific work of this Slavic expert is presented through his activities as a lecturer at universities in Krakow (primarily at the Jagiellonian University), his cooperation with the Polish Academy of Fine Arts and the Polish Academy of Sciences, his scientific publications (among which stands out his Serbo-Croatian-Polish dictionary), his participation at scientific conferences, as well as his cooperation with the Faculty of
Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Zagreb and the teachers of the Polish language at that Faculty, Julije Benešić and Josip Hamm.
/// U članku je predstavljen znanstveni rad slavista Jagelonskog sveučilišta u Krakovu Hrvata Vilima Frančića (Daruvar, 1896 - Daruvar, 1978).
/// Eduard Miloslavić (Oakland-SAD, 1884 – St. Louis-SAD, 1952) u historiografiji je poznat kao forenzičar, voditelj i osnivač Zavoda za sudsku medicinu i kriminalistiku u Zagrebu (1935-1945) te po svjedočanstvu o masovnim zločinima počinjenima nad Poljacima u Katynskoj šumi tijekom Drugog svjetskog rata. Njegova patološko-anatomska karijera u Beču te sudjelovanje u Drugome balkanskom i Prvome svjetskom ratu do sada nisu obrađivani. Upravo je taj dio Miloslavićeva života bio presudan za oblikovanje specifične medicinske ideologije koju je usvojio, među čijim su zagovarateljima bili najveća imena onodobne patološke anatomije, poput Rudolfa Virchowa, Ludwiga Aschoffa i Antona Weichselbauma. Njihova su stajališta proizašla iz teorijskog okvira konstitucijske i ratne patologije - struke kojoj se pripisivala mogućnost zaštite zdrave konstitucije cjelokupne zajednice. Prikazani segment Miloslavićevog bečkog razdoblja stoga je važan za razumijevanje međuutjecaja profesije i organizacije saniteta s jedne strane te Miloslavićevog strukovnoga i društvenopolitičkoga opredjeljenja, koji će doći do izražaja tijekom njegova vještačenja u Katynu 1943. godine.
U izlaganju će se poljskoj manjini pristupiti interdisciplinarno. Njena će se povijest prikazati s demografskog, kulturnog i vjerskog aspekta. Kako je na djelovanje Poljaka u Hrvatskoj utjecao odnos FNRJ/SFRJ i Narodne Republike Poljske (PRL), odnosno Republike Hrvatske i Republike Poljske, usputno će se spomenuti bitne odrednice tih odnosa.
Nakon Drugog svjetskog rata većina pripadnika poljske manjine u Hrvatskoj preseljena je u Poljsku (1946-1948). Od šezdesetih do osamdesetih godina dolazi novi val Poljaka i to kao rezultat mješovitih brakova, koji su bili posljedica bolje suradnje dviju država. Razdoblje 70-ih godina značajno je i po brojnim kratkotrajnim ekonomskim migracijama iz Poljske u Hrvatsku. U nedostatku poljskih udruga, ključnu ulogu u organiziranju i međusobnom povezivanju poljske manjine prije hrvatskog osamostaljenja imao je poljski konzulat u Zagrebu. Godine 1990. osnovana je u Zagrebu Poljska kulturna udruga ''Mikołaj Kopernik'', a nakon 2000. godine u Hrvatskoj su osnovana još četiri poljska društva. Poljaci su dali svoj doprinos boreći se u Domovinskom ratu, u kojem ih je nekoliko poginulo. Govoreći o poljskoj manjini treba spomenuti poljske svećenike koji djeluju u Hrvatskoj, prvenstveno članove pavlinskog i dehonijanskog reda. Prema zadnjem obrađenom popisu stanovništva (2001), u Republici Hrvatskoj živi 567 pripadnika poljske manjine, dok je prema procjenama poljskog veleposlanstva i poljskih udruga taj broj oko 2400.
U izlaganju će se po prvi put predstaviti rad Eduarda Miloslavića uoči i tijekom Prvog svjetskog rata, kada je boravio u Risnom i Beogradu. Njegov znanstveni interes tada je bio usmjeren na organizaciju vojnog saniteta i na teoriju o konstitucijskoj patologiji. Promatrano razdoblje iznimno je važno za razumijevanje Miloslavićevog kasnijeg djelovanja, jer je utjecalo na njegov stav o važnosti patologije i na njegov konzervativni svjetonazor, kojeg će propagirati tijekom čitave karijere. Posljedice takvog stava i svjetonazora jasno su vidljive upravo u Miloslavićevom zagovaranju istine o pokolju u Katynskoj šumi.
Istraživanje je provedeno na arhivskoj građi i znanstvenim radovima, koje je Eduard Miloslavić objavio u razdoblju Drugog balkanskog i Prvog svjetskog rata.
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W stosunkach polsko-chorwackich w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym ważne miejsce zajmują nie tylko pojedyncze osoby, takie jak Julije Benešić czy Vilim Frančić, które zapoznawały społeczeństwo chorwackie z Polakami i społeczeństwo polskie z Chorwatami i innymi Słowianami południowymi, ale także polskie stowarzyszenia, działające na terytorium Chorwacji oraz stowarzyszenia jugosłowiańskie, działające na terytorium Polski. Polskie stowarzyszenia, które funkcjonowały na obszarze Chorwacji, można podzielić na stowarzyszenia działające w dziedzinie kultury, stowarzyszenia związane z działalnością turystyczną, zarejestrowane w Polsce, ale ukierunkowane na obszar Adriatyku oraz stowarzyszenia polskiej diaspory, do których należy jedynie stowarzyszenie Polaków „Ognisko Polskie“. Mówiąc o stowarzyszeniu polskiej diaspory trzeba nadmienić, że według spisu powszechnego z 1931 roku na terytorium Savskiej Banoviny mieszkało aż 3875 osób polskiej narodowości. Dodatkowe znaczenie dodaje stowarzyszeniu Polaków fakt, iż działało ono również na terytorium Bośni.
W niniejszym referacie zostaną krótko przedstawione polskie stowarzyszenia działające w okresie międzywojennym na terytorium dzisiejszej Chorwacji. Referat opiera się na materiałach archiwalnych konsulatu Rzeczypospolitej Polski w Zagrzebiu z okresu międzywojennego. W badaniu wykorzystano ponadto statuty stowarzyszeń oraz materiały opublikowane w poznańskim czasopiśmie Przegląd Polsko-Jugosłowiański w latach 1934-1939.