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Pontoscolex corethrurus is an exotic earthworm and they often occur in degraded habitat. Exotic earthworms usually have a eurytopic characteristic to overcome the environmental pressure to enhance their survivability. This mechanism is... more
Pontoscolex corethrurus is an exotic earthworm and they often occur in degraded habitat. Exotic earthworms usually have a eurytopic characteristic to overcome the environmental pressure to enhance their survivability. This mechanism is predicted to include the control of soil mineral level, which is ingested by the earthworms. Here, we tested whether soil mineral contents, i.e.: phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium, in Bungku Village, Jambi, influenced mineral content in P. corethrurus ’ body and gut. Those soil mineral contents do not influence P. corethrurus ’ except for calcium. We suggested that the presence of calciferous glands is responsible to maintain Ca content in the body and gut of P. corethrurus .
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Introduction: Stingless bees are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. In Indonesia, the distribution of stingless bees are grouped in three regions, namely Indo-Malayan, Wallacea, and Indo-Australian. Ten species of stingless... more
Introduction: Stingless bees are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. In Indonesia, the distribution of stingless bees are grouped in three regions, namely Indo-Malayan, Wallacea, and Indo-Australian. Ten species of stingless bees have been recorded in Papua, seven of which are endemic. The Cycloop Mountains Nature Reserve (CMNR) is one of the conservation area in Papua, Indonesia, for flora and fauna. Unfortunately, the study of the diversity of stingless bees in Papua has been limited. Objective: To measure the diversity, nesting sites, nest entrance characteristics and nest architecture of stingless bees. Methods: Observation of the stingless bee nests in the nature reserves and in the residential areas used a road sampling method and information from local people, respectively. A total of 22 colonies were studied. Results: Two species of stingless bee were found, namely Tetragonula sapiens (Cockerell, 1911) and Heterotrigona (Platytrigona) planifrons (Smith, 1865). Th...
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Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors that cause dengue hemorrhagic fever. The cases of this disease have often become an extraordinary event in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to... more
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) are vectors that cause dengue hemorrhagic fever. The cases of this disease have often become an extraordinary event in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze bioecological factors, i.e. habitat preference, larvae density, characteristics of the breeding sites, as well as the morphological and molecular identification of Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus in dengue-endemic areas of Bandar Lampung. Results showed that the larval density of these vectors in three areas was moderate, and Ae. aegypti was found dominant. The Maya index (MI) values of Ae. aegypti showed moderate and low categories (87 and 13%), whereas those of Ae. albopictus were 91 and 9%, respectively. Seven and 11 characters of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus has been described, respectively. Additionally, their COI gene sequence (size of 725 bp) similarity values ranged from 98–99%. Data from the study can be used in planning a control ...
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Kupu-kupu adalah serangga yang unik. Kelangsungan hidup kupu-kupu tergantung dari sumber pakan habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman kupu-kupu di Taman Hutan Raya Kelurahan Tanah Lemo. Keanekaragaman... more
Kupu-kupu adalah serangga yang unik. Kelangsungan hidup kupu-kupu tergantung dari sumber pakan habitatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman kupu-kupu di Taman Hutan Raya Kelurahan Tanah Lemo. Keanekaragaman kupu-kupu diamati dengan menggunakan metode scan sampling. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga tipe habitat, yaitu pinggir pantai, sekitar mata air dan pemukiman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 20 spesies pada masing-masing habitat. Keragaman kupu-kupu paling tinggi terdapat disekitar mata air (H’=2.617) dan paling rendah di pemukiman (H’=2.554). Pada penelitian ini ditemukan pula spesies Troides helena yang merupakan salah satu spesies kupu-kupu dilindungi.Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman, Kupu-kupu, Tanah Lemo.
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Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) is a type of plant which have commercial value, and at least 24 cultivars are spread across various regions in Indonesia. Some cultivars have self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms as genetic barriers... more
Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) is a type of plant which have commercial value, and at least 24 cultivars are spread across various regions in Indonesia. Some cultivars have self-incompatibility (SI) mechanisms as genetic barriers to fertilization, but this can be reduced through cross-pollination by insects. Therefore, this study aims to measure the effectiveness of wild pollinator insects, as well as human and bee pollinations in pummelo. A total of six treatments were set up, namely closed pollination or control, open treatment, human pollination using pollen from the same tree (geitonogamy) or different trees (xenogamy), as well as supplementation colony of honey bee (Apis cerana), and stingless bee (Tetragonula laeviceps). The highest increase of pummelo fruit formation was found in human-pollination (xenogamy), followed by A. cerana, T. laeviceps, open treatment, and geitonogamy pollination with 63%, 54%, 48%, 41%, and 14%, respectively. Based on the results, bees (A. ce...
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Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas in the world. Stingless bees are potential pollinator to increase yield of various crops species. We measured the pollination effectiveness of stingless... more
Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas in the world. Stingless bees are potential pollinator to increase yield of various crops species. We measured the pollination effectiveness of stingless bees, i.e., Tetragonula laeviceps in strawberry (Fragaria x annanassa) and Heterotrigona itama in melon (Cucumis melo) in the greenhouse. Pollination effectiveness of stingless bees were measured based on their visiting activities, i.e., foraging rate and flower handling time using focal sampling method. Measurements of fruit set consist of the number of fruits per plant, the number of normal and abnormal fruits, and the size and weight of fruits. Results showed that visiting activity of T. laeviceps in strawberry flowers ranged 2.33–2.73 flowers/3 min, while H. itama in melon flowers ranged 1.77–7.12 flower/3 min. Peak activities of H. itama in melon (7.12 flowers/3 min) occurred at 09.00 a.m.–10.00 a.m., while T. laeviceps in strawberry (2.73 flo...
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Water-strider Ptilomera dromas Breddin (Gerridae: Hemiptera) is an aquatic insect that is commonly found in various waters, such as rivers, ponds, and lakes. The purpose of this research was to study the abundance of P. dromas in Ciliwung... more
Water-strider Ptilomera dromas Breddin (Gerridae: Hemiptera) is an aquatic insect that is commonly found in various waters, such as rivers, ponds, and lakes. The purpose of this research was to study the abundance of P. dromas in Ciliwung river in relation to its water quality. The abundance of P. dromas was surveyed at five stations, i.e. Cilember, Cijulang, Gadog, Katulampa, and Sempur stations. Environmental parameters measured were water temperature, air temperature, pH, water flow, biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), free CO2 level, nitrogen total, water hardness, and total suspended solid (TSS). The relationship of P. dromas abundance with environment parameters was analyzed by using general linear model (GLM). Results showed that the highest abundance of P. dromas was found in Gadog station, followed by Cilember, Katulampa, and Cijulang stations. The population of P. dromas was not found in Sempur station, which might be related to the presence of Katulampa...
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Research Interests: Biology and Coccinellidae
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Ujung Kulon National Park is a lowland tropical forest that was still preserved. There was limited information about the diversity of dragonflies in Ujung Kulon National Park. The purpose of this study was to study species diversity of... more
Ujung Kulon National Park is a lowland tropical forest that was still preserved. There was limited information about the diversity of dragonflies in Ujung Kulon National Park. The purpose of this study was to study species diversity of dragonfly in Ujung Kulon. The research was conducted in Ujung Kulon Peninsula, Banten, Indonesia in five locations and three types of aquatic habitats i.e., natural ponds, streams in forests, and rivers. The transect line method is used to collect adult dragonflies. Thirty-one species of dragonflies belong to two anisopteran families and six zygopteran families were reported in this study. Twenty-two species were as new records based on previous publications. There were different species compositions in all habitat types (R = 1, p = 0.0016, one-way ANOSIM with Bray-Curtis similarity index). Natural ponds have the highest anisopteran species richness compared to other habitats. Eight species Anisoptera only were found in natural ponds. Meanwhile, zygop...
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Gunung Meja is one of the forest areas in Manokwari, West Papua province. It has been designated as a recreational forest since 1980. Gunung Meja covers 460.25 ha and is located at 75–175 m a.s.l. Gunung Meja is directly adjacent to... more
Gunung Meja is one of the forest areas in Manokwari, West Papua province. It has been designated as a recreational forest since 1980. Gunung Meja covers 460.25 ha and is located at 75–175 m a.s.l. Gunung Meja is directly adjacent to residential areas, therefore the community activities, such as felling trees and gardening, was conducted in the area frequently. These can interfered the existence of flora and fauna in the area, included butterflies. To reveal the impact of intrusive human activities on the forest area, it was necessary to obtain basic information about what flora and fauna are present there. This study was aim to record the butterfly community in the area. Observations of butterflies were done by scan sampling on primary forest, secondary forest, gardens and settlements. Sampling and measurement of environmental parameters were performed in the morning and afternoon for seven weeks. This study recorded 113 species and 4.049 individuals of butterflies. There were 75 sp...
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... Fase-fase fersebut dideskripsikan dalam tuiisan ini. Telur. Telur T. helena yang baru diietakkan berwama merah-oranye. ... Setelah ganti kulit terakhir, T. helena memasuki fase pupa. Kulit pupa masih lunak berwama hijau-kekuningan dan... more
... Fase-fase fersebut dideskripsikan dalam tuiisan ini. Telur. Telur T. helena yang baru diietakkan berwama merah-oranye. ... Setelah ganti kulit terakhir, T. helena memasuki fase pupa. Kulit pupa masih lunak berwama hijau-kekuningan dan menjadi keras setelah sekitar 5 bari. ...
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... Insect pollinators were observed in three plantations using scan method. Insect pollinators were observed every hour on sunny days, from 07.30 to 14.30. ... 2000), 25% pada Crotalaria juncea, dan 4% pada kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea... more
... Insect pollinators were observed in three plantations using scan method. Insect pollinators were observed every hour on sunny days, from 07.30 to 14.30. ... 2000), 25% pada Crotalaria juncea, dan 4% pada kubis bunga (Brassica oleracea var Botrytis) (Ramadhani et al., 2000). ...
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Research Interests: Botany, Biology, Pollination, Hymenoptera, Jatropha curcas, and 3 moreEuphorbiaceae, Apidae, and Apis cerana
Kale (Brassica oleraceae) has small and compound floral-type and usually visited by bees, including Trigona laeviceps (Apidae: Melliponini) as pollinator which can increase fruit and seed production of many species of agricultural crops.... more
Kale (Brassica oleraceae) has small and compound floral-type and usually visited by bees, including Trigona laeviceps (Apidae: Melliponini) as pollinator which can increase fruit and seed production of many species of agricultural crops. Aims of the research were to study foraging activity and the role of T. laeviceps in seed production of kale. Three treatments were used i.e., caged crop with one colonies of T. laeviceps, open crop with one colonies of T. laeviceps and caged crop without bee. Foraging activities of T. laeviceps were observed during the flowering by using a focal sampling method and visual method. Measuring the amount of pollen was done by using glycerol and alcohol (70%) with a ratio 4:1 and pollen viability was observed in Brewbaker and Kwack solutions. Result showed that flower handling time of T. laeviceps was highest during 09.00-10.00 (36.3 seconds/flower) with foraging rate was 8.26 flowers per 5 minutes. Flower handling time was lowest during 15.00-16.00 (...
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Kale (Brassica oleraceae) has small and compound floral-type and usually visited by bees, including Trigona laeviceps (Apidae: Melliponini) as pollinator which can increase fruit and seed production of many species of agricultural crops.... more
Kale (Brassica oleraceae) has small and compound floral-type and usually visited by bees, including Trigona laeviceps (Apidae: Melliponini) as pollinator which can increase fruit and seed production of many species of agricultural crops. Aims of the research were to study foraging activity and the role of T. laeviceps in seed production of kale. Three treatments were used i.e., caged crop with one colonies of T. laeviceps, open crop with one colonies of T. laeviceps and caged crop without bee. Foraging activities of T. laeviceps were observed during the flowering by using a focal sampling method and visual method. Measuring the amount of pollen was done by using glycerol and alcohol (70%) with a ratio 4:1 and pollen viability was observed in Brewbaker and Kwack solutions. Result showed that flower handling time of T. laeviceps was highest during 09.00-10.00 (36.3 seconds/flower) with foraging rate was 8.26 flowers per 5 minutes. Flower handling time was lowest during 15.00-16.00 (...
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Spotted cuscuses are medium-sized tree-dwelling mammals native to tropical forests of Australo-Papua that primarily feed on fruits and leaves. They belong to the phalangerid genus Spilocuscus (Gray, 1862). The difference in pelage color... more
Spotted cuscuses are medium-sized tree-dwelling mammals native to tropical forests of Australo-Papua that primarily feed on fruits and leaves. They belong to the phalangerid genus Spilocuscus (Gray, 1862). The difference in pelage color between male and female Spilocuscus wilsoni has not yet been well described morphologically. In the present study, we describe the coat color of four S. wilsoni individuals: a male adult, a sub-adult male, a sub-adult female, and a juvenile female. Dorsal, lateral, and ventral body section images were captured on camera, and body weight & length, tail & ear length were measured. The adult male S. wilsoni had brown spot and blotch patterns on the dorsal and lateral regions, and the ventral region was plain beige. The sub-adult male had distinct spot patterns without blotches on the dorsal and lateral regions, while the ventral region was plain with a cream base color. The sub-adult female had a mottled pattern that blended with the base color, making ...
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Pollination and fertilization are critical factors in horticultural cultivation to increase seed production. In this study, we measured the visiting activity and pollination of three species of stingless bees, i.e., Tetragonula laeviceps,... more
Pollination and fertilization are critical factors in horticultural cultivation to increase seed production. In this study, we measured the visiting activity and pollination of three species of stingless bees, i.e., Tetragonula laeviceps, Lepidotrigona terminata, and Heterotrigona itama in mustard (Brassica rapa). Visiting activity of stingless bees were observed in mustard plants caged by an insect screen. The observations were done visually per hour, starting from 07:00 until 16:00, using the focal sampling method. The visiting activities observed were flower handling time, foraging rate, and total visit per plant. We also measured the pollen load of each stingless bee species. Results showed the highest foraging rate occurred in H. itama (28.38 flowers/5 minutes), followed by T. laeviceps (27.88 flowers/5 minutes), and L. terminata (27.85 flowers/5 minutes), respectively. The longest flower handling time was found in H. itama (40.15 seconds), followed by T. laeviceps (35.25 secon...
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Jeruk pamelo (Citrus maxima) yang sering disebut jeruk bali merupakan spesies yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Di Indonesia, spesies ini memiliki beberapa kultivar. Tanaman ini berinterksi dengan banyak spesies serangga, baik sebagai... more
Jeruk pamelo (Citrus maxima) yang sering disebut jeruk bali merupakan spesies yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Di Indonesia, spesies ini memiliki beberapa kultivar. Tanaman ini berinterksi dengan banyak spesies serangga, baik sebagai predator, parasitoid, atau penyerbuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur keanekaragaman serangga yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman jeruk pamelo dan hubungannya dengan faktor lingkungan. Pengamatan keanekaragaman serangga menggunakan metode scan sampling pada 30 tanaman jeruk pamelo. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebanyak 1.388 individu serangga yang termasuk dalam 17 spesies dalam 11 famili dan 5 ordo, yaitu Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, dan Lepidoptera. Spesies serangga yang dominan ditemukan adalah Camponathus sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Tetragonula laeviceps (Hymenoptera: Apidae), dan Chrysolina sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Jumlah individu serangga tinggi di pagi hari (pukul 07.00-08.00), sedangkan jumlah spesies tinggi pada pengama...
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Apis cerana is widely adapted to vast areas that stretch from Russia to Sundaland (Indonesia) through Palawan in the Philippines. By using mitochondrial DNA of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX 1 ) gene, the cytochrome oxidase subunit... more
Apis cerana is widely adapted to vast areas that stretch from Russia to Sundaland (Indonesia) through Palawan in the Philippines. By using mitochondrial DNA of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX 1 ) gene, the cytochrome oxidase subunit 2 (COX 2 ) gene, and the COX1 - COX2 intergenic regions (IGS), as well as the nuclear major royal jelly protein 2 ( mrjp2 ) gene, we aimed to explore the number of new haplotypes of A. cerana in Indonesia and the genetic variations of A. cerana in Indonesia, particularly between Sundaland A. cerana with the Moluccas and West Papua. These studies found three main findings; the first is the 11 A. cerana new haplotypes in total for the COX1 , COX2 , IGS, and mrjp2 gene sequences. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree agreed with the haplotype cluster. Apis cerana in West Papua and the Moluccas clustered in the same clade with the Sundaland A. cerana from Java, Banten, and Belitung, that suggests common origin of these bees. The third finding is genetic distances of COX1 gene between A. cerana in Java and those from West, East, South Kalimantan, Sabah, and Sarawak were approximately 4% which is similar to genetic distance between Indonesian A. cerana ( A. cerana javana ) and East Asia ( A. cerana cerana and A. cerana japonica ). The genetic distance also proved the separation of the Indonesian A. cerana lineage with the Indo-Malayan lineage (Sabah, Sarawak, and Kalimantan) from previous studies. This result gives rise to the possibility of the emerging new subspecies of A. cerana in Kalimantan.
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Worker bees actively forage to supply colony necessity i.e., pollens, nectar, and resin. Flight activities of the worker bees are influenced by food availability and environmental conditions. This study aimed to measure flight activities... more
Worker bees actively forage to supply colony necessity i.e., pollens, nectar, and resin. Flight activities of the worker bees are influenced by food availability and environmental conditions. This study aimed to measure flight activities of Lepidotrigona terminata in terms of leaving and returning to the nest (including carrying of pollen and pollen type) and their relation to environmental conditions. The observation of flight activities of L. terminata were conducted from August to December 2016, at 07.00-17.00 for 1 minute with 1 hour interval. Pollen load and pollen types were analyzed by the acetolysis method. Flight activities of leaving and returning to the nest were lower at 07.00-08.00 (1 individual/min) and at 16.00-17.00 (2 individuals/min). However, the peak activities occurred at 10.00 until 13.00 (8 and 6 individuals/min for leaving and returning to the nest, respectively). Temperature and light intensity were positively correlated with flight activities of bees that c...
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New beetle was discovered in the mountainous region of Bandung, West Java, that fits the description of Afissa . The physical appearance is similar with Afissa gedeensis while the male genitalia is identical with Afissa incauta . The aim... more
New beetle was discovered in the mountainous region of Bandung, West Java, that fits the description of Afissa . The physical appearance is similar with Afissa gedeensis while the male genitalia is identical with Afissa incauta . The aim was to clearly assess the situation by observing the biology of this novel Afissa and to compare the data with known Afissa gedeensis . A . sp. cf. gedeensis has slightly smaller and duller body with minor difference in elytral maculation. The male genitalia have more curved penis guide with distantly separated from paramere. Preference and acceptance test shows this beetle isolated by divergent host plant specialization. We proposed three possible interpretation including the newly recorded variation (host race) of A. gedeensis , A. incauta , or this beetle is genuinely new species.
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Lepidoptera is one of the four largest orders of insects. The total number species of Lepidoptera approaches 200,000 species, most of them are moths (Heterocera) and only about 15,000 species are butterflies (Rhopalocera) (Holloway JD, JD... more
Lepidoptera is one of the four largest orders of insects. The total number species of Lepidoptera approaches 200,000 species, most of them are moths (Heterocera) and only about 15,000 species are butterflies (Rhopalocera) (Holloway JD, JD Bradley and DJ Carter. 1987. Guides to Insects of Importance to Man.1 Lepidoptera. C.A.B International Institute of Entomology.British Museum Natural History. London, him 3).The species of Lepidoptera commonly feed on green plants and consequently can be in direct competition with man, requiring counter-measures and control, but some are beneficial and aesthetic (Holloway et al., 1987).
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Sustainable landscape consist of the healthy provision of ecological services and the improvement of local human well-being. However, habitat transformation often affects pollinators. There is still a lack of research about how far does... more
Sustainable landscape consist of the healthy provision of ecological services and the improvement of local human well-being. However, habitat transformation often affects pollinators. There is still a lack of research about how far does pollinators presence is being changed by habitat types. The aim of this research is to investigate the consequence of habitat transformation to pollinator diversity among habitat types. This research was conducted in the Harapan Forest, Jambi on three types of habitat from April to September 2017. Pollinators were collected using insect net and traps in and around the flowering plants in the plots. All pollinators were brought to the laboratory for identification. The highest abundance and species richness of pollinators were found in rubber and oil palm plantation, while the lowest were found in secondary forest. These results seem to be related to the presence of flowering plants that were more abundant in rubber and oil palm plantation compared to...
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Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca), an Indonesian native palm, has high economic value. This plant has a dioecious inflorescence. At the present time, pollination of snake fruit plants was still conducted by a human. Until now, some insect... more
Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca), an Indonesian native palm, has high economic value. This plant has a dioecious inflorescence. At the present time, pollination of snake fruit plants was still conducted by a human. Until now, some insect visitors as a pollinator of the plants were reported, such as stingless bees (Apidae) and curculionid beetles (Curculionidae). In this study, we study the population and activities of curculionid beetles in snake fruit plantations. Three plantations of snake fruit in Sumatera were used to observe beetle populations, i.e., Gunung Leuser National Park (Aceh), Padang Sidempuan (Medan), and Riak Siabun (Bengkulu). The sampling method was used to measure beetle populations by observed directly beetle population on the panicle (flowers). Observation of beetle activities was done by purposive sampling method in 08.00-12.00 am. Results showed that the highest beetle population (23096 individuals) occurred in Riak Siabun, Bengkulu. The highest visiting activity...
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The conversion of natural forest to agroforestry plantations and annual cropping systems alters the soil habitat and food resources for biota, including earthworms. Native earthworm species may disappear whereas exotic species with... more
The conversion of natural forest to agroforestry plantations and annual cropping systems alters the soil habitat and food resources for biota, including earthworms. Native earthworm species may disappear whereas exotic species with greater tolerance of disturbance and less niche specialisation may thrive. The objective of the study was to compare the earthworm diversity in managed forest and agroforestry systems, which were cultivated for mixed plantation and annual crop production on Mount Gede, Indonesia. All the habitats in the study area were impacted by humans. The forest habitat was a managed forest, with a permanent tree cover, whereas mixed plantation had a partial shrub cover. Meanwhile, homogenous plantation was cultivated with annual crops. Among 3787 individuals collected during July–October 2012, five Oriental earthworm species were identified in the soil communities of Mount Gede: Drawida nepalensis, Notoscolex javanica, Pheretima pura-group, Polypheretima moelleri, an...