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In the middle Miocene Badenian evaporite basin of the Carpathian foreland basin, broad zones of sulphate deposits occur in the marginal parts, and narrow zones of chloride sediments are restricted to the basin center (Fig. 1). The origin... more
In the middle Miocene Badenian evaporite basin of the Carpathian foreland basin, broad zones of sulphate deposits occur in the marginal parts, and narrow zones of chloride sediments are restricted to the basin center (Fig. 1). The origin of these evaporites is related to the salinity crisis at the end of Middle Badenian. The time and facies relations of evaporites occurring in marginal and central parts of the Carpathian foreland basin are still unc1ear and different correlation has been proposed for particular parts of the basin (Petrichenko et al., 1997). However, it is possible to correlate particular mar ker beds in both domains over a distance of hundreds of kilometers (e.g. Garlicki, 1994; Peryt et al., 1994, 1997) suggesting common controls of evaporite deposition regardless of the geological setting. In the lower part of the gypsum section in the peripheral part of the basin, a unit built of blocky crystalline intergrowths occurs (see photo on the front page of this issue). ...
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Zechstein foraminifera from the Fore-Sudetic monocline area (West Poland) and their paleoecology Foraminifers from the Zechstein Limestone (Upper Permian) of the Fore Sudetic Monocline (Western Poland; Fig. 1) were studied in order to... more
Zechstein foraminifera from the Fore-Sudetic monocline area (West Poland) and their paleoecology Foraminifers from the Zechstein Limestone (Upper Permian) of the Fore Sudetic Monocline (Western Poland; Fig. 1) were studied in order to establish their paleoenvironmental significance. A very rich and diversified foramniferal assemblage was found (Pl. I—VIII) which, apart from forms known from other parts of the Zechstein basin, includes many species (Frondicularia woodwardi, Geinitzina taurica, G. multicamerata, Glomospira regularis, Gl. tenuifistula, Pachyphloia exilis, and others), typical of the Tethys area. It is not unlikely that such a composition of the foraminiferal assemblage is related to similar environmental conditions in the Tethys and the Zechstein basins (cf. T. M. Peryt, D. Peryt 1975a). Foraminifers from the Zechstein Limestone are characterized by a strongly marked zonation of occurrence and display variable proportions of genera between particular foraminiferal asse...
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CALICHE DEPOSITS IN THE ZECHSTEIN LIMESTONE IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE PERI-BALTIC SYNECLISE (NORTHERN POLAND) Summary Caliche deposits were found within the stromatolitic-oncolitic complex of the Zechstein Limestone in... more
CALICHE DEPOSITS IN THE ZECHSTEIN LIMESTONE IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE PERI-BALTIC SYNECLISE (NORTHERN POLAND) Summary Caliche deposits were found within the stromatolitic-oncolitic complex of the Zechstein Limestone in northernPoland(Figs. 1–3). They are most commonly developed in the form of pisolites and crusts (Pl. I–IV, Figs. 4–6); the pisolites are hybrids, partly of algal and partly of caliche origin. The probable sequence of events leading to caliche development is presented in Fig. 7. The occurrence of caliche deposits in the Zechstein Limestone of northernPolandhas important palaeogeographical implications as it indicates the periodic subaerial exposure of vast regions of the Zechstein basin during the sedimentation of the Zechstein Limestone.
Research Interests: Geology and Paleontology
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... Con-tinual growth of these reefs caused some restric-tion in the platform interior ... deposi-tion of the Lower Werra Anhydrite initiated a new evaporitic stage of development of the ... Wrodaw region was selected for the study), may... more
... Con-tinual growth of these reefs caused some restric-tion in the platform interior ... deposi-tion of the Lower Werra Anhydrite initiated a new evaporitic stage of development of the ... Wrodaw region was selected for the study), may be seen as supporters of multi-stage dolomitiza-tion ...
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Research Interests: Geology, Geochemistry, Subsidence, Petroleum geology, Carbonate, and 4 morePermian, Dolomite, Facies, and Evaporite
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W artykule dokonano przegl ą du aktualnych technologii magazynowania energii elektrycznej oraz zestawiono uzyskiwane parametry w aspekcie zastosowa n w zasobnikach systemowych. Przedstawiono studium mo z liwo ś ci magazynowania energii z... more
W artykule dokonano przegl ą du aktualnych technologii magazynowania energii elektrycznej oraz zestawiono uzyskiwane parametry w aspekcie zastosowa n w zasobnikach systemowych. Przedstawiono studium mo z liwo ś ci magazynowania energii z odnawialnych ź rode l energii (O Ź E) w zasobnikach akumulatorowych i elektrowniach szczytowo-pompowych w Polsce. Omowiono tak z e mo z liwo ś ci wykorzystania systemow zasobnikowych w transporcie dla wykorzystania energii hamowania. Druga cz eśc artyku l u prezentuje wodor jako no ś nik energii oraz zagadnienia zwi ą zane z gospodark ą wodorow ą : produkcja, transport, magazynowanie i zastosowania w ogniwach paliwowych.
Research Interests: Engineering and Physics
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Mineral composition and content analysis of selected trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Be, Br, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, I, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V, and Zn; 308 rock samples) were studied in the Upper Permian... more
Mineral composition and content analysis of selected trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Be, Br, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Ga, I, La, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Se, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V, and Zn; 308 rock samples) were studied in the Upper Permian (Zechstein) potash-bearing deposits in Poland. They represented K–Mg chlorides of PZ2 and PZ3 cyclothems from four salt domes and stratiform K–Mg sulphates of PZ1 cyclothem. The dominant mineral components of K–Mg sulphates (polyhalite) are anhydrite and polyhalite. The most common minerals of the K–Mg salts of PZ2 cyclothem are halite, sylvite, kieserite, and anhydrite, and the most common of PZ3 cyclothem are halite, carnallite, kieserite, and anhydrite. Most analysed trace elements in the Zechstein potash-bearing deposits show a low content (up to 26 mg/kg) that eliminates them as potential profitable source rocks of such required elements as Ce, Cs, La, Li, or Rb. Common elements, such as Br, Fe, and Sr, are more easily exploited from natural br...
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Reserves totaling ~142 BCM (5 TCF) of natural gas trapped in 306 fields and ~22 MTOE (~157 MMBOE) of crude oil in 87 fields have been discovered. The prospection, exploration, and production of hydrocarbons are licensed: an entity... more
Reserves totaling ~142 BCM (5 TCF) of natural gas trapped in 306 fields and ~22 MTOE (~157 MMBOE) of crude oil in 87 fields have been discovered. The prospection, exploration, and production of hydrocarbons are licensed: an entity interested in these kinds of activities needs to have concession, which is granted by the Polish Ministry of Climate and Environment for 10 to 30 years according to one of two independent ways—international tender or open door procedure. In this review, the most prospective areas for oil and gas exploration in Poland, selected by the Polish Geological Survey, and announced as dedicated for the next 6th tender round, planned in the second half of 2022, are described. These are: Block 413–414, Block 208, Cybinka–Torzym, Zielona Góra West, and Koło areas. The main exploration target of these tender areas is related to conventional and unconventional accumulations of gas and oil in the Carpathian basement, Carpathian Foredeep, and Outer Carpathians (Block 413–...
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Polish Geological Institute as the national geological survey – hundred years at the service for Poland. A b s t r a c t. The PolishGeological Institute was established in 1919 as the national geological survey within the Ministry of... more
Polish Geological Institute as the national geological survey – hundred years at the service for Poland. A b s t r a c t. The PolishGeological Institute was established in 1919 as the national geological survey within the Ministry of Industry and Trade. The initiative of a group of parliament members to appoint the Polish Geological Institute was supported by the Polish Parliament on May 30, 1919, and the official opening of the Institute took place on May 7, 1919. Two years later the PGI status and budget were accepted by the Polish government and Jozef Morozewicz has received director’s nomination from the Head of State Jozef Pilsudski. In March 1938, the President of Poland accepted a new decree concerning geological survey of Poland which was composed of the Polish Geological Institute and the State Geological Council. The role of the PGI grew and the budget substantially increased, but this positive trend was stopped due to the beginning ofWorldWar II. During the first post-war...
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Studies on Middle Miocene Badenian gypsum in various parts of Central Paratethys, the oldest widespread primary marine gypsum, in western Ukraine, southern Poland and Moravia (Czech Republic) indicate that there are three principal gypsum... more
Studies on Middle Miocene Badenian gypsum in various parts of Central Paratethys, the oldest widespread primary marine gypsum, in western Ukraine, southern Poland and Moravia (Czech Republic) indicate that there are three principal gypsum facies: crystalline gypsum, stromatolitic gypsum and clastic gypsum. The latter typically occurs between crystalline and stromatolitic gypsum and between stromatolitic gypsum and the land. In addition, it is common in channels within gypsum microbialites, and is the main facies during the deposition of the upper part of Badenian gypsum when important bathymetric differences existed within the marginal part of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin, the largest foredeep basin in Europe. Within crystalline gypsum facies, it is observed the overall size of the crystals increases and that the layering declines towards the permanent, stabilized brine body, and thus the giant gypsum intergrowths–non-layered coarse-crystalline selenite – is the end-member of gypsu...
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Publishing activities of the Polish Geological Institute during 1919–2019. A b s t r a c t. Publication activities have played an important role in the life of the Polish Geological Institute (PGI) since its foundation in 1919. In 1919... more
Publishing activities of the Polish Geological Institute during 1919–2019. A b s t r a c t. Publication activities have played an important role in the life of the Polish Geological Institute (PGI) since its foundation in 1919. In 1919 the first geological map and in 1920 the first text publication were put out whereas in 1921 the first series appeared that has been issued till today: Transactions of the PGI (Prace Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego). In 1938, the series Bulletin of the PGI (Biuletyn Panstwowego Instytutu Geologicznego), and in 1957 the Geological Quarterly, the flag journal of the PGI, were initiated. Their first mission was to disseminate results of studies conducted by the PGI scientists, but since 1999 the Geological Quarterly has been a truly international journal. The PGI co-edits two other international journals (Geologica Carpathica, Volumina Jurasica) and since 1992 has been a publisher of the most popular Polish geological journal, Przegląd Geologiczny. T...
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One hundred years of the Polish Geological Institute – an outline of the material history. A b s t r a c t. Established a few months after regaining independence in 1918, the Polish Geological Institute was carrying out research aimed at... more
One hundred years of the Polish Geological Institute – an outline of the material history. A b s t r a c t. Established a few months after regaining independence in 1918, the Polish Geological Institute was carrying out research aimed at ensuring the supply of necessary mineral raw resources to the domestic industry. The director of the Institute, Prof. J. Morozewicz as well as the state authorities were aware of the fact that for the proper functioning of the Institute suitable headquarter was needed. Therefore, already in the mid-1919, the appropriate area and financial resources were allocated for the construction of large buildings, the designer of which was Prof. M. Lalewicz. The laboratory pavilion was opened in 1926. The main building, which was put into use in 1936 and rebuilt after the destruction during World War II, has been the pride of the Institute until today. The extension of the state and a wide range of research issues meant that already in 1921, it was necessary t...
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The middle Miocene Badenian evaporite basin of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin was a saline lake, separated by a barrier from the sea and supplied with seawater seeping through the barrier or overflowing it occasionally in the form of... more
The middle Miocene Badenian evaporite basin of the Carpathian Foredeep Basin was a saline lake, separated by a barrier from the sea and supplied with seawater seeping through the barrier or overflowing it occasionally in the form of short-lived marine transgressions. Such transgressions could leave behind marine microfossils in marly clay intercalations. One of them (2.3 m thick) occurs in the uppermost part of the sulphate sequence, in the unit ‘o’, in the Babczyn 2 borehole section. It contains marine palynomorphs (dinoflagellate cysts) and foraminiferal assemblages indicating a marine environment. The low-diversity benthic foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by opportunistic, shallow infaunally living species, preferring muddy or clayey substrate for thriving, brackish to normal marine salinity, and inner shelf environment. Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages, although taxonomically impoverished, consist of marine species; euryhaline forms that tolerate increased salinity are mis...
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The conventional mechanism for dolomitization in evaporitic basins is by drawdown‐related reflux of brines, but it seems that ascending brines were responsible in the case of basal Zechstein (Wuchiapingian) strata. Dolomite of basinal... more
The conventional mechanism for dolomitization in evaporitic basins is by drawdown‐related reflux of brines, but it seems that ascending brines were responsible in the case of basal Zechstein (Wuchiapingian) strata. Dolomite of basinal sections of the Zechstein Limestone in SW Poland show mostly fabric‐destructive dolomitization and wide δ18OVPDB and δ13CVPDB ranges (−3.78 to 6.47‰ and −1.64 to +5.3‰ respectively). The maximum δ18O value reflects the temperature of dolomitizing fluid equal to approximately 38°C, if the δ18O of water = +4‰ is assumed. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the dolomite samples vary from 0.707924 to 0.711164 and are clearly enriched with respect to the contemporaneous seawater values. The basinal dolomites have originated owing to interaction of low‐temperature brines from the underlying red beds and hypersaline brines originated during the Zechstein evaporite deposition. The conventional concept connecting the highly radiogenic strontium values recorded in dolomites with the overlying formations, and thus implying the reflux mechanism of dolomitization, should be re‐evaluated.
Research Interests: Earth Sciences, Geology, Geochemistry, Terra Nova, Permian, and 4 moreDolomite, Dolomitization, Evaporite, and anhydrite
Information on the associations of clay minerals in Upper Proterozoic and Phanerozoic marine evaporite formations suggests that cyclic changes in the (SO4-rich and Ca-rich) chemical type of seawater during the Phanerozoic could affect the... more
Information on the associations of clay minerals in Upper Proterozoic and Phanerozoic marine evaporite formations suggests that cyclic changes in the (SO4-rich and Ca-rich) chemical type of seawater during the Phanerozoic could affect the composition of associations of authigenic clay minerals in marine evaporite deposits. The vast majority of evaporite clay minerals are authigenic. The most common are illite, chlorite, smectite and disordered mixed-layer illite-smectite and chlorite-smectite; all the clay minerals are included regardless of their quantity. Corrensite, sepiolite, palygorskite and talc are very unevenly distributed in the Phanerozoic. Other clay minerals (perhaps with the exception of kaolinite) are very rare. Evaporites precipitated during periods of SO4-rich seawater type are characterized by both a greater number and a greater variety of clay minerals—smectite and mixed-layer minerals, as well as Mg-corrensite, palygorskite, sepiolite, and talc, are more common in...
Research Interests: Geology, Geochemistry, Minerals, Clay Minerals, Phanerozoic, and 5 moreHectorite, Evaporite, Kaolinite, Illite, and Chlorite
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The Polish Basin formed at the eastern periphery of the large epicontinental Permian-Mesozoic Central European Basin System. It was filled with several kilometres of siliciclastics, carbonates and thick Zechstein (Upper Permian)... more
The Polish Basin formed at the eastern periphery of the large epicontinental Permian-Mesozoic Central European Basin System. It was filled with several kilometres of siliciclastics, carbonates and thick Zechstein (Upper Permian) evapo-rites. Its axial part, the Mid-Polish Trough, which is characterised by a particularly thick Permo-Mesozoic sedimentary cover, developed partly above the Teisseyre-Tornquist Zone, a lithospheric-scale boundary located between the East European Cra-ton and the West European Platform. Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene inversion of the Polish Basin was associated with uplift of the Mid-Polish Trough that now forms a large regional anticlinal structure referred to as the Mid-Polish Swell. A qualitative model of the Permo-Mesozoic geologic evolution of the central part of the Polish Basin, constructed using seismic and well data, suggests a significant role of localised extension and subsidence during Rotliegend (Drawa Formation) and Zechstein sedimentation. The Polish Basin was fully inverted during the Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene. Basin inversion within the study area was associated with substantial uplift of the hanging wall block of the Szubin Fault, final formation of the Szubin salt pillow, folding of the Mesozoic supra-salt overburden and formation of the Mid-Polish Swell. The crest of the Mid-Polish Swell was subsequently deeply eroded prior to sedimentation of the Neogene post-inversion cover.
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Omowiono mikrostruktury utworow cjanobakteryjnych: stromatolitow i onkoidow wystepujących w wapieniu cechsztynskim NW Polski oraz zinterpretowano środowiska ich powstania. Wyrozniono dwa zasadnicze typy mikrostruktur stromatolitow: zwartą... more
Omowiono mikrostruktury utworow cjanobakteryjnych: stromatolitow i onkoidow wystepujących w wapieniu cechsztynskim NW Polski oraz zinterpretowano środowiska ich powstania. Wyrozniono dwa zasadnicze typy mikrostruktur stromatolitow: zwartą i okienkową (fenestralną), związane z pierwotnym zroznicowaniem środowiska powstania i skladu mineralnego stromatolitow. Stwierdzono identycznośc mikrostruktur utworow cjanobakteryjnych niezaleznie od ich makrostruktur, co moze wskazywac na biologiczne uwarunkowanie ich powstania. MICROSTRUCTURES OF STROMATOLITES AND ONCOIDS FROM THE ZECHSTEIN LIMESTONE OF NORTH-WESTERN POLAND Cyanobacterial deposits: stromatolites and oncolites, occurring mainly in the upper Zechstein Limestone of NW Poland (Figs 1 - 3) have been found both in the central and peripheral parts of the basin. Stromatolites originated in different environments. In a supratidal environment, stromatolites occurring at the Zechstein Limestone-Lower Anhydrite boundary (Tabl. IV, Figs 10, 11) in the whole area studied formed. In an intertidal environment and in the highest part of subtidal zone stromatolites from the well Grzybnica IG 1 (Tabl. V, Figs 12, 13: Tabl. VI, Figs 14, 15: Tabl. VII, Fig. 16) and some other stromatolites from the central part of the basin (Tabl. III, Fig. 8) formed. The majority of stromatolites from the central part of the basin formed in a subtidal environment (Tabl. I, Figs 4, 5; Tabl. Ill. Fig. 9). The occurrence of stromatolites usually shows a relation to occurrence of oncoids (Tabl. I. Fig. 4: Tabl. II, Figs 6, 7) that originated in a subtidal environment from action of periodic catastrophic events such as stroms and hurricanes. Very similar and identical microstructures, irrespective of macrostructures of cyanobacterial deposits have been stated (TabI. II, Fig. 7: Tabl. III, Fig. 9) what seems to indicate explicitly that the origin of microstructures has been biologically conditioned. In oncoids and stromatolites a dense microstructure has been stated that distinctly differs from fenestral microstructures characteristic of stromatolites that originated in the highest part of subtidal zone and in the intertidal and supratidal zones. The changes of fenestral microstructures (Tabl. V, Figs 12, 13; Tabl. VI, Figs 14, 15; Tabl. VII, Fig. 16), resulted from small changes of sea level, may be related to tides, and from changes of blue-green communities and sequences of diagenetic processes of differ.ent intensity that have been connected with those sea level changes. The poor preservation or even obliteration of microstructures of cyanobacterial deposits (Tabl. II, Fig. 7; Tabl. III, Fig. 9; Tabl. V, Figs 11, 13) resulted from the unstable primary mineralogical composition. Fenestral stromatolites and sabkha stromatolites were probably built of aragonite; far subtidal stromatolites the high Mg-calcite composition is assumed. It seems that the differences in microstructures of stromatolites of essentially different environments of their formation have been additionally emphasized during diagenesis by the different primary mineralogical composition.