—The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of motivation, attitude, and subjective norm on stage of readiness to be involved in volunteer tourism and its implication on social marketing. Volunteer tourism is a tourism... more
—The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of motivation, attitude, and subjective norm on stage of readiness to be involved in volunteer tourism and its implication on social marketing. Volunteer tourism is a tourism product that combines volunteerism and tourism activities in a destination and commonly offered by an international volunteer organisation. In this study the author examine the influence of motivation, subjective norm, and attitude towards volunteer tourism concept on stage of readiness to be involved in volunteer tourism. Motivation is treated as two different variables – taking/receiving and giving motivations. Taking/receiving represents self-interest whereas giving represents altruism. Separating motivation into taking/receiving and giving has rarely done by prior researchers, particularly in a quantitative approach. To gather data, an online survey was conducted attracting 268 male and 274 female participants across nations. In total there were eight hypotheses to be tested. There is a limited sources applying stage of readiness in the study of volunteer tourism. In the tourism literature, stage of readiness relates to a readiness of a person to participate in a tourism product and commonly links to low and high involvement types of activities. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis, all eight hypotheses are accepted. The findings carry out innovations: firstly, the participants might be involved in volunteer tourism were more influenced by giving motivation rather than taking/receiving motivation. The implication of these findings can be a reason why social marketing is more suitable to promote a volunteer tourism project instead of using a commercial marketing approach. Secondly, variables, such as attitude, subjective norm, taking/receiving motivation, and giving motivation can predict stage of readiness. Recommendations for practitioners and future research are discussed. Keywords—volunteer tourism; taking/receiving and giving (TRG) motivations; attitude; subjective norm; stage of readinesscomponent;
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Prior researchers indicated that motivations in volunteer tourism can be categorised into two main groups – hedonism or self-oriented and altruism. However, none of them obviously divided motivations in this categorisation in a... more
Prior researchers indicated that motivations in volunteer tourism can be categorised into two main groups – hedonism or self-oriented and altruism. However, none of them obviously divided motivations in this categorisation in a quantitative approach. The aim of this study is to explore motivations in volunteer tourism and examine whether this motivation can be separated into two domains: taking/receiving and giving. To obtain deep understanding about motivations of individuals for being involved in volunteer tourism, literature in volunteer tourism, volunteerism, and tourism are included and intersected. Further, a mixed-methods study was used with the qualitative approach at the first phase with 32 respondents participated in focus groups, in-depth interviews, and online interviews. Findings of the qualitative phase included taking/receiving motivation, giving motivation, and taking/receiving and giving (TRG) motivations. Further, 542 respondents participated in an online survey fo...
The number of research projects (theses and non-theses) on volunteer tourism (VT) has increased significantly over the last twelve years. However, few studies have measured an individual’s intention and stage of readiness to be involved... more
The number of research projects (theses and non-theses) on volunteer tourism (VT) has increased significantly over the last twelve years. However, few studies have measured an individual’s intention and stage of readiness to be involved in VT. The main purpose of this thesis is to develop a model to predict intention and stage of readiness to be involved in volunteer tourism by applying variables, including attitudes towards the concept of volunteer tourism (VT), subjective norms, altruistic lifestyle values, the sensation-seeking personality, social class, taking/receiving motivation, giving motivation, past experience in tourism, past experience in volunteering, past experience in VT, perceived and factual constraints. This study was conducted using a sequential mixed methods approach. A qualitative approach was utilised in the first stage. Qualitative data were gathered via focus groups (15 participants), in-depth interviews (15 participants), and email interviews (three particip...
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Background The primary function of roads is for travelling from one place to another. But in Indonesia roads have many other functions including trading, parking, having fun, socialising, conducting protests, and even becoming a... more
Background The primary function of roads is for travelling from one place to another. But in Indonesia roads have many other functions including trading, parking, having fun, socialising, conducting protests, and even becoming a playground. According to Forbes. ...