Michaela Vítková

Základním cílem je zpracovat strukturovaný přehled zatížení jednotlivých částí CHKO Český ráj cestovním ruchem. Důležitou složkou šetření je i vnímání (percepce) pozitivních a negativních faktorů turistického využívání území návštěvníky. V letech 2005 a 2006 byl proveden monitoring turistických zátěží, botanický monitoring, hydrologický, hydrogeologický a pedologický monitoring. Závěrečná analýza dat se uskutečnila v roce 2006. Hlavním závěrečným výstupem je model zatížení jednotlivých částí území CHKO cestovním ruchem. V průběhu prací byla vymezena – pomocí klasifikace kvantitativních a kvalitativních ukazatelů – hlavní zájmová území, kam se soustřeďoval monitoring vybraných složek ekosystému. Ten přispěl k definování nežádoucích dopadů turistické zátěže na přírodní prostředí a umožnil tak v syntéze s výsledky evidence návštěvníků vymezit poškození jednotlivých částí území CHKO

Základním cílem je zpracovat strukturovaný přehled zatížení jednotlivých částí CHKO Český ráj cestovním ruchem. Důležitou složkou šetření je i vnímání (percepce) pozitivních a negativních faktorů turistického využívání území návštěvníky. Cílem této části projektu byl výzkum možných vlivů cestovního ruchu, zejména pěší turistiky, na rostlinstvo v CHKO Český ráj. Na základě předběžného šetření v roce 2005 byly vytipovány typy stanovišť, které byly v roce 2006 podrobně studovány s ohledem na mechanické poškození vegetačního krytu i případné změny druhového složení a plochy rostlinných společenstev. Jednalo se o cestní lemy, vyhlídkové body na okrajích skal a břehové porosty rybníků, kde se provozuje sportovní rybolov nebo které slouží ke koupání. Na základě výsledků terénního šetření a statistických analýz byl vyhodnocen stupeň antropického ovlivnění tří různých ekosystémů, zjištěn podíl alochtonních druhů ve vztahu k turistické zátěži a byla zhodnocena potenciální citlivost zkoumaných...

The dataset Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) distribution in Europe include the occurence data compiled from databases, literature references and author's unpublished data listed in the attached table entitled Databases, literature references and author's unpublished data.Suggested citation:Puchałka, R., Vítková, M., Mionskowski, M., Prokopuk, Y., Netsvetov, M., Sádlo, J., Klisz, M., Olszewski, P., 2020. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) distribution in Europe. doi:https://doi.org/10.18150/repod.3652156

<strong>Expertní systém pro automatickou klasifikaci fytocenologických snímků z České republiky </strong><br> [popis a instrukce v češtině jsou uvedeny níže] *************************************************************************************************************** <strong>CzechVeg-ESy</strong> is an expert system for automatic classification of vegetation plots from the Czech Republic to the vegetation types defined in the monograph <em>Vegetation of the Czech Republic</em> (Chytrý 2007-2013). It is delivered in two main versions: The <strong>main version 1 (v1) </strong>is the original version used for the vegetation classification in that monograph, described in detail in its English Summary (Chytrý 2007). Its subversions (indicated by dates) contains corrections of minor errors and species nomenclature. This version only classifies vegetation to the phytosociological associations. The <strong>main version 2 (v2)</strong> uses the same classification system as accepted in the <em>Vegetation of the Czech Republic</em>, but includes more advanced functions to provide more accurate classification. Moreover, it is hierarchical, performing classification not only to associations but also to alliances and classes (for the plots not classified at lower levels). Each version is delivered in two variants. The <strong>basic variant </strong>(CzechVeg-ESy-basic-v1.txt) assigns vegetation plots to associations following their formal definitions created using the Cocktail method (Bruelheide 2000) modified by Kočí et al (2003). These definitions are based on the presence of sociological species groups and the dominance of selected species. The expert system evaluates individual vegetation plots and assigns them to the associations. A classification process is considerably faster when the basic variant is used, as opposed to the full variant. The <strong>full variant</strong> (file CzechVeg-ESy-full-v1.txt) performs the same functions as the basic variant, but in addition, it can also assign the plots not classified by f [...]

Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic, e-mail: martin.hejda@ibot.cas.cz, jiri.sadlo@ibot.cas.cz, josef.kutlvasr@ibot.cas.cz, petr.petrik@ibot.cas.cz, michaela.vitkova@ibot.cas.cz, vojik@fzp.czu.cz, pysek@ibot.cas.cz, jan.pergl@ibot.cas.cz; Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, CZ-165 00 Kamýcká 129, Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic

Climate change and other global change drivers threaten plant diversity in mountains worldwide. A widely documented response to such environmental modifications is for plant species to change their elevational ranges. Range shifts are often idiosyncratic and difficult to generalize, partly due to variation in sampling methods. There is thus a need for a standardized monitoring strategy that can be applied across mountain regions to assess distribution changes and community turnover of native and non-native plant species over space and time. Here, we present a conceptually intuitive and standardized protocol developed by the Mountain Invasion Research Network (MIREN) to systematically quantify global patterns of native and non-native species distributions along elevation gradients and shifts arising from interactive effects of climate change and human disturbance. Usually repeated every five years, surveys consist of 20 sample sites located at equal elevation increments along three r...

Abstract As a consequence of native tree species decline and distribution range contraction in Europe, acclimation of the non-native tree species at the edge of their distribution is gaining importance. Although non-native tree species may provide sustainable ecosystem services, as a potentially invasive species they may be a threat to local ecosystems as well. In Europe, black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) a non-native species, seems to meet the condition of acclimation as a multi-generational process. The acclimatization, however, may have consequences not only for growth performance but also for the species' invasive potential. This study investigates the spatiotemporal pattern of secondary growth and climate sensitivity among six black locust stands along continentality gradient in Eastern Europe with the respect to bioclimatic conditions of the species distribution in Europe. Despite comparable bioclimatic conditions, climate sensitivity of black locust stands is highly variable, both temporally and spatially. The winter and spring temperatures are a key climatic driver of the growth pattern in southern and western Poland. Growth response to previous winter and current summer precipitation distinguished stands in western and eastern Poland. A significant increase in the mean annual temperature during the last 70 years likely triggered temporal instability of the black locusts’ climate signal. In general, drought conditions were found to be the main limiting factor at the edge sites within the black locust gradient. Thus, the climate sensitivity of black locust stands reflects rather site-specific microclimatic conditions then bioclimatically-based clustering pattern. Despite climate-related limiting factors, black locust seems to be characterized by high potential for acclimatization to Eastern European climatic conditions, suggesting high invasive potential. Thus, the replacement of native species by black locust or the conversion of local habitats into monocultures for biomass production should not be recommended, while species management should follow proactive measures to reduce the risk of uncontrolled spread of the species. Divergent growth reaction of black locust stands implies high plasticity of secondary growth and thus high probability of acclimatization to future climate. Given the expected range expansion to the East in Europe, we call for expanding dendroclimatic studies to the areas of future species expansion in order to test its climatic and edaphic limitations. This seems to be crucial for formulating non-native species management strategies in line with sustainable forestry, preventing the uncontrolled expansion of the species that threatens vulnerable habitats.

Sustainably managed non-native trees deliver economic and societal benefits with limited risk of spread to adjoining areas. However, some plantations have launched invasions that cause substantial damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while others pose substantial threats of causing such impacts. The challenge is to maximise the benefits of non-native trees, while minimising negative impacts and preserving future benefits and options. A workshop was held in 2019 to develop global guidelines for the sustainable use of non-native trees, using the Council of Europe – Bern Convention Code of Conduct on Invasive Alien Trees as a starting point. The global guidelines consist of eight recommendations: 1) Use native trees, or non-invasive non-native trees, in preference to invasive non-native trees; 2) Be aware of and comply with international, national, and regional regulations concerning non-native trees; 3) Be aware of the risk of invasion and consider global change trends; 4) D...

Forests understories in Europe are known to generally resist invasion, though some alien plants do invade woodland communities. Here we focused on the impact of the widespread invasive annual Impatiens glandulifera, common along watercourses, but recently spreading in forests up to timberline. We investigated its impact on plant–soil feedback and ecosystem functioning. We recorded >40 variables focusing on: soil characteristics, including micro- and macro-nutrients; characteristics of litter layer and enzyme activity in litter; and richness and species composition of the forest understory. Three treatments were followed for 3 years: plots invaded by I. glandulifera; adjacent invader removal plots within the invaded area; and spatially separated uninvaded plots outside the invaded area. The effect of year-to-year variation was generally greater than that of the treatments, especially in soil and litter characteristics. Copper and boron were higher in invaded than invader removal and uninvaded plots, though in quantities that are unlikely to harm other plants. We found no effect of I. glandulifera on litter characteristics or enzyme activity. Despite almost 80% cover of I. glandulifera, we did not detect any difference in species richness and total vegetation cover between invaded and uninvaded plots. The floristic composition differed among the uninvaded, invader removal and invaded plots across 3 years. Our results indicate that the effect of I. glandulifera on the forest community studied was minor, and largely resulted from its increased shading to other plant species. In conclusion, we show how misleading the evaluation of impacts can be if based on a single season.

The rapid spread of invasive plants makes their management increasingly difficult. Remote sensing offers a means of fast and efficient monitoring, but still the optimal methodologies remain to be defined. The seasonal dynamics and spectral characteristics of the target invasive species are important factors, since, at certain time of the vegetation season (e.g., at flowering or senescing), plants are often more distinct (or more visible beneath the canopy). Our aim was to establish fast, repeatable and a cost-efficient, computer-assisted method applicable over larger areas, to reduce the costs of extensive field campaigns. To achieve this goal, we examined how the timing of monitoring affects the detection of noxious plant invaders in Central Europe, using two model herbaceous species with markedly different phenological, structural, and spectral characteristics. They are giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum), a species with very distinct flowering phase, and the less distinct kn...

Monografie Vegetace Ceske republiky systematicky shrnuje výsledky deviti desetileti výzkumu nasich rostlinných spolecenstev. Kromě podrobneho popisu floristicke skladby, ekologie, dynamiky a rozsiřeni typů přirozene i clověkem ovlivněne vegetace jsou v ni poprve uveřejněny synopticke tabulky druhoveho složeni a mapy rozsiřeni vsech fytocenologických asociaci nasi vegetace. Ty jsou výsledkem rozsahle analýzy desitek tisic fytocenologických snimků z Ceske narodni fytocenologicke databaze a Databaze lesnicke typologie. Na rozdil od podobných zpracovani vegetace jiných zemi byly vsechny u nas rozlisene asociace přesně formalně vymezeny pomoci floristickeho složeni, což umožňuje využit pocitacový expertni system a jednoznacně přiřadit porosty zaznamenane v terenu k asociacim popsaným v teto monografii. Ctvrtý, posledni dil se zabýva lesni a křovinnou vegetaci, ktera je cleněna do 9 fytocenologických třid, 28 svazů a 85 asociaci. Tento dil obsahuje take popisy tři asociaci plevelove a mokřadni vegetace jako doplněk k předchozim dilům a souhrnný seznam vsech vegetacnich jednotek Ceske republiky rozlisených v teto monografii, který cita 39 třid, 138 svazů a 496 asociaci. Dilo je výsledkem vice než desetilete prace týmu odborniků z Masarykovy univerzity v Brně, Botanickeho ustavu AV CR i dalsich instituci. Jako zakladni referencni přirucka o ceske vegetaci je urceno terennim přirodovědcům, ochrancům přirody, lesnickým a zemědělským odbornikům, ucitelům, studentům a vsem milovnikům a obdivovatelům nasi krasne přirody.

Roads represent an important landscape element affecting both biotic and abiotic components. Alteration of soil properties along roads (addition of nutrients) is assumed to have a great impact on vegetation structure especially in nutrient poor ecosystems. Existing studies focus mainly on road dust. In our study we assessed the overall effects of roads upon adjacent alpine tundra vegetation and soils in Krkonoše Mts, Czech Republic. Our aims were to (1) reconstruct the road-related changes using aerial data and GPS mapping to study colonization of roadside plant species; (2) assess the road effects on physical-chemical soil properties and vegetation composition along transects; and (3) propose conservation measures to stop further damage. Changes were reconstructed from historical multispectral aerial photography (1986 to 1997), measured by GPS device (1997, 2004), and accompanied by detailed soil (1998, 2000 and 2001) and vegetation (2000 and 2004) surveys along transects. Along alkaline roads, fast and profound shifts in physical-chemical soil properties (pH increased from 3.9 up to 7.6, base saturation from 9-30% up to 100%), and species composition were recorded. The roadside vegetation doubled in area during the studied decade. Stress-tolerant tundra species were replaced by meso- to nitrophilous species and species preferring man-made habitats. The intensity of changes depended significantly on the type of road material and the position relative to the road (slope position, distance from the road). Our findings support the assumption that alkaline gravel is the main cause of changes along roads in the area, and indicate the leading role of water transport in the soil and consequent vegetation alteration. To prevent the further damage we recommended replacement of alkaline gravel by granite, even though expensive and technically complicated. Based on our recommendations, the National Park authorities started to reconstruct the trails, although recovery is expected to be slow.

Dangerous and useful at the same time: management strategies for the invasive black locust The North American black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is considered controversial as many other introduced tree species because of its both positive and negative properties. Based on a literature review and own data we analyze the occurrence of black locust in Czechia and Switzerland and present the management approaches in place. In both countries, black locust is on the blacklist of invasive introduced species. It can grow in a wide range of habitats from urban and agricultural landscape to dry grassland and forest. Meanwhile, the species became in many places part of the environment and human culture, so that neither unrestricted cultivation nor large-scale eradication is feasible. We suggest a context-dependent management which respects the different needs and takes into account the local environmental conditions, land-use, habitat type, risk of spread as well as economic, cultural and bi...