YOUNGSAN PARK

Thirty-three patients with severe blepharoptosis were treated by the superiorly based orbicularis oculi muscles, interdigitated orbicularis oculi-frontalis muscle flaps, or frontalis muscle flaps. The superiorly based muscle flaps are modifications of direct transplantation of the frontalis muscle to the tarsal plate on the basis of anatomic study that the frontalis muscle and its fascia are connected with the orbicularis oculi muscle at the eyebrow region. The selection of muscle flaps is based on the extent of levator function of patients. When eyelid excursion is moderate (3 to 5 mm), the orbicularis oculi muscle flap technique was effective. For patients with weak eyelid excursion (2 to 4 mm), the interdigitated orbicularis oculi-frontalis muscle flap was the procedure of choice. For patients with minimal eyelid excursion (less than 2 mm), frontalis muscle flap technique is indicated. The majority of patients recorded as satisfactory results according to the criteria of Souther and Jordan after an average follow-up period of 18.5 months. Even though four patients showed undercorrection, there has been no complete failure or laxity of the advanced flaps in our series. The orbicularis oculi muscle technique or the interdigitated orbicularis oculi-frontalis muscle flap technique offers several advantages over the conventional frontalis muscle flap technique, such as being a simple technique with a good operative field, single incision on supratarsal fold, no depression on the forehead, no risk of neurovascular injury, and relatively easy technique with less complication. The frontalis muscle flap technique is better in patients with less than 2-mm eyelid excursion to avoid recurrence even if the superiorly based frontalis muscle flap technique has some inherent shortcomings.

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ABSTRACT Similarity matching in video databases is of growing importance in many new applications such as video clustering and digital video libraries. In order to provide efficient access to relevant data in large databases, there have been many research efforts in video indexing with diverse spatial and temporal features. However, most of the previous works relied on sequential matching methods or memory-based inverted file techniques, thus making them unsuitable for a large volume of video databases. In order to resolve this problem, this paper proposes an effective and scalable indexing technique using a trie, originally proposed for string matching, as an index structure. For building an index, we convert each frame into a symbol sequence using a window order heuristic and build a disk-resident trie from a set of symbol sequences. For query processing, we perform a depth-first search on the trie and execute a temporal segmentation. To verify the superiority of our approach, we perform several experiments with real and synthetic data sets. The results reveal that our approach consistently outperforms the sequential scan method, and the performance gain is maintained even with a large volume of video databases.

This study analyzes the mediating roles of service image, job satisfaction and organizational commitment regarding the relationship between service orientation and business performance. In order to analyze the data collected from 596 respondents in 184 hotels, the structural model was analyzed with Lisrel 8, while it was discovered that service orientation was defined as customer focus, employees empowerment, service leadership, service rewards/incentives, service training/technology, service prevention, and service standards communication. The empirical results and implications are as follows. First, service image has a significant mediating role in the relationship between service orientation and business performance. Second, job satisfaction has a significant mediating role in the relationship between service orientation and business performance. If customer‐contact service employees perceive a hotel to have high service orientation, they will have greater job satisfaction, and the greater the job satisfaction of the employees, the greater the business performance. This brings us to the managerial implications of this research. Therefore, hotel firms must take a greater interest in their internal marketing methods to improve job satisfaction and service image.

The approach to nasal bone classic corrective rhinoplasty is an almost-blind technique, where the results depends on feeling by the surgeon's hand. To overcome these drawbacks, endoscopic-assisted corrective rhinoplasty and septoplasty were performed for 16 cases of deviated noses between January 1995 and May 1997. The average follow-up period was 18 months. All patients were evaluated by symmetrical nasal pyramid, recurrence of the bony deflection, and septal deviation. The postoperative courses were satisfactory in most cases, with few complications. Compared with 28 cases of classic rhinoplasty, the patient satisfaction rate was high (87.5% in endoscopic-assisted rhinoplasty, 71.4% in classic rhinoplasty), and the complication and revision rate was low (0% in endoscopic assisted rhinoplasty, 14.3 and 7.1% in classic rhinoplasty). But extra time (about 40 min) and greater expense were required for endoscopic-assisted rhinoplasty. It appeared to us that endoscopic control during corrective rhinoplasty and septoplasty is a big step toward obtaining better results in bony and cartilage resection with extreme precision under monitor control and magnification. This technique is not an open approach but permits one to see more of the nasal skeleton and bony septum, the cause of the deformity, and the immediate effect of the corrective measures used. The use of an endoscope in corrective rhinoplasty for deviated noses provides an expanded field of vision, direct manipulation of lesions, and better aesthetic and functional results.

In the present study, we developed a sensitive and highly selective method of detecting the biosynthetic intermediates involved in the gentamicin pathway from a cell culture of Micromonospora echinospora. A novel extraction method utilizing a dual solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique was employed to purify and recover all of the gentamicin-related components from the cell culture broth, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was used to analyze the extractant for gentamicin intermediates. The pH of the culture broth was adjusted to an acidic condition of pH 2 prior to the extraction. The samples were first cleaned with a reversed-phase AccuBOND C(18) cartridge, and then the aminoglycosidic components were purified using a cationic exchanger OASIS MCX cartridge. The detection limit of a gentamicin standard spiked in blank medium processed by this method was found to be approximately 5 ng for each component of the gentamicin C complex, and the mean recovery for each component of standard gentamicin was above 91% when analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. We further demonstrated that this method enables the analytical profiling of the gentamicin-related compounds produced by wild-type M. echinospora ATCC 15835, which mainly produces the gentamicin C complex, and the UV-induced mutant strain KCTC 10506BP, which produces gentamicin B as the major product. Seven intermediates (paromamine, gentamicin A2, B, X2, A, JI-20A, and JI-20B) besides the gentamicin C complex were detected in the culture broth of both M. echinospora strains when analyzed by MS/MS for the distinct fragmentation patterns of each gentamicin component. This report displays the first example of the HPLC profiling in a wide range of structurally related biosynthetic intermediates involved in the gentamicin pathway.

Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process of tissue repair that involves a number of cellular and molecular events. It proceeds from inflammatory response to reepithelialization and finally to formation of a permanent scar. Alginate is a polymer of guluronic and mannuronic acid that is used as a scaffolding material in biomedical applications. For the purpose of studying wound healing, full-thickness skin defects were produced on the dorsal area in rats. We measured the relative sizes of the wounds on days 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28. The wound sizes were decreased in the alginate-treated group compared with the control group and the vaseline-treated group. The expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor were significantly decreased in the alginate-treated group compared with the control group, while the expression of collagen-I was increased in the alginate-treated group, as indicated by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. These data suggest that alginate has significant wound healing promoting activity. The results from the present study indicate that the effect of alginate on wound healing may involve biological mechanisms associated with the expression of transforming growth factor-β1, fibronectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and collagen-I.

... Sung-Hoon An, U-Yeol Park, Kyung-In Kang, Moon-Young Cho, Hun-Hee Cho. Abstract. Total conceptual cost estimates and the assessment of the quality of these estimates are critical in the early stages of a building construction project. ...

The authors examined the degree of discrepancy between customers' perceptions and expectations for hotel service quality. This research finds that customers have negative disconformation, that is, the degree of expected service quality is higher than the perceived service quality. Nevertheless, the findings show high customer satisfaction. The authors report that this phenomenon is explained by the notion that service value plays a key role as a mediating variable in the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction.

The trend for treatment of deep second degree burns and third degree burns is toward early excision and skin grafting. The ability to predict burn depth accurately as early as possible is important for early excision and skin grafting. This study, prospectively evaluated the ability of laser Doppler flow measurements, obtained within 72 hours after burn injury, to predict the depth of burn wounds. A Periflux system 4001 laser Doppler flowmeter was used to measure the cutaneous microflow circulation of 100 selected points of burn wounds on 44 inpatients and of 1680 selected points on 120 volunteers from March of 1993 to February of 1994. The mean value of superficial second degree burns checked by laser Doppler was 194.6 perfusion units (PU). The value of deep second degree burns was 59.7 PU, and the value of third degree burns was 5.1 PU. The mean normal cutaneous blood flow of 120 volunteers (control group) was between 4 and 9 PU, except on the head, neck, hand, and foot. Blood flow of more than 100 PU correctly predicted (90.2 percent of cases) a superficial second degree burn. Blood flow between 100 and 10 PU correctly predicted (96.2 percent of cases) a deep second degree dermal burn. That of less than 10 PU correctly predicted (100 percent of cases) a third degree burn. There was also a significant correlation between initial flow measurements and the depth of burn wounds. We conclude that laser Doppler flow measurements performed early after burn injury are useful in predicting the depth of burn wounds. Laser Doppler flowmetry has the advantage of being easy to use and noninvasive and of providing immediate results for early determination of burn depth. Laser Doppler flowmetry is useful in selecting patients for early excision and grafting of burn wounds.