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Research Interests: Materials Science and Wax
Research Interests: Engineering and Ornaments
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Research Interests: Engineering and Antique
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Research Interests: Engineering and Antique
The article describes diverse solutions used in the construction of antique wooden beam-structure floors and analyses the viability of their application in reconstructions. The function of the individual layers of their structure is... more
The article describes diverse solutions used in the construction of antique wooden beam-structure floors and analyses the viability of their application in reconstructions. The function of the individual layers of their structure is analysed by: 1.Comparing elasticity (shock absorption in accordance to the PN EN 14808:2005 standard) of floors with continuous support (joists lying on a mineral base and joists placed on a layer of sand) with parquets that have punctual support. 2.Comparing the elasticity of parquets lying on a boarding and those placed directly on joists. 3.Analysing the function of woodwork parquet joints in the floor structure. The capability of floors from antique manor houses in South-Eastern Poland to transfer own and usage loads is being assessed in order to make recommendations as to their preservation, relocation or substitution.
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Research Interests: Art History, Art, Architecture, Painting, Historicism, and 3 moreStudio, Avant Garde, and Interwar Period
The paper provides an analysis of windows in antique Świdermajers’ style wooden buildings, located in Otwock. It has been discovered that many of them have been already replaced with new ones. Attention was paid to the traditional Polish... more
The paper provides an analysis of windows in antique Świdermajers’ style wooden buildings, located in Otwock. It has been discovered that many of them have been already replaced with new ones. Attention was paid to the traditional Polish casement window structure with transom and the main part below, additionally divided into smaller areas by wooden horizontal or vertical muntins. Analysis of traditional window carpentry elements such as shutters, window sills, cornices and batten frames was made together with their classification based on different kinds of decorative motifs.
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Research Interests:
Research Interests: Engineering and Antique
Research Interests: Engineering and Antique
Influence of alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaerthn.) veneers on selected mechanical properties of layered pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) composites. The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of using hardwood veneers in the base layer on... more
Influence of alder (Alnus glutinosa Gaerthn.) veneers on selected mechanical properties of layered pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) composites. The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of using hardwood veneers in the base layer on selected mechanical properties of composites made of coniferous veneers dedicated for flooring applications. The modulus of elasticity and stiffness at three-point bending were determined in static, dynamic and fatigue tests. All tested mechanical properties of pine-alder composites showed, to a different extent, higher values than composites with a base layer made only of pine veneers
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Classics of Polish Design. Post-War Polish Furniture Design the paper presents a review of Polish post-war design in the times of Polish People's Republic: in the 1950s and 1960s. It is the first paper in the series of "Classical... more
Classics of Polish Design. Post-War Polish Furniture Design the paper presents a review of Polish post-war design in the times of Polish People's Republic: in the 1950s and 1960s. It is the first paper in the series of "Classical Polish Design", presenting the results of research on Polish furniture and the icons of Polish design, carried out within the framework of dissertations in the Department of Wood Technology in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW). The paper presents two main trends in Polish post-war design, together with their background. We analysed the development of industrial design and of mass production dedicated for mass users, as well as the education system for industrial designers. We present the concept of furniture for small living spaces and the impact of global trends, availability of new materials and technological solutions on Polish furniture design.
Classics of Polish Design. Polish avant-garde Bauhaus style furniture from the interwar period presents a review of the best Polish furniture designs from the 1920s and 1930s. In spite of the inspirations with historicism popular in the... more
Classics of Polish Design. Polish avant-garde Bauhaus style furniture from the interwar period presents a review of the best Polish furniture designs from the 1920s and 1930s. In spite of the inspirations with historicism popular in the interwar period and the references to folk culture (e.g., the "Ład" Artists' Cooperative), Polish designers also drew inspiration from the works of the following artists: Le Corbusier, Marcel Breuer, Mies van der Rohe and Mart Stam, who designed avant-garde furniture made of metal pipes. The paper presents little known works of Polish artists from the groups "Praesens", "Atelier wnętrz i architektury" (The Atelier of Interiors and Architecture), "Studium wnętrz i sprzętu" (Studio of Interiors and Equipment), as well as furniture designs referring to the Bauhaus style for private and public interiors (including designs for transatlantics or the President's Castle in Wisła), among others, manufactured by ...
Research Interests: Art History, Art, Architecture, Painting, Historicism, and 3 moreStudio, Avant Garde, and Interwar Period
For ages, furniture makers have been using various methods to accelerate the natural process of wood aging, in order to achieve a more sophisticated colour and to provide a uniform appearance for furniture parts replaced during... more
For ages, furniture makers have been using various methods to accelerate the natural process of wood aging, in order to achieve a more sophisticated colour and to provide a uniform appearance for furniture parts replaced during restoration. Nowadays, wood aging is popular due to its aesthetic value associated with naturally aged wood, which can be enjoyed in conjunction with favourable mechanical properties of contemporary wood. Methods of wood surface modification used in wood aging can be divided into mechanical ones, consisting in changing the structure of wooden surfaces (eg. sanding, brushing, paint rubbing or structuring with chisel or other tools) and chemical ones, involving the use of chemical substances to change the colour of wood (eg. greying; application of lye, paint or wood stain; and ammonia fuming). The purpose of our study was to determine the influence of traditional wood modification techniques used in furniture-making − such as: structuring, whitewashing, rubbin...
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Characteristics of Decorative Wooden Flooring in the Castle Museum in Łańcut. The paper presents<br> an analysis of research on decorative wooden flooring in the Castle Museum in Łańcut. It focuses on the<br> characteristics... more
Characteristics of Decorative Wooden Flooring in the Castle Museum in Łańcut. The paper presents<br> an analysis of research on decorative wooden flooring in the Castle Museum in Łańcut. It focuses on the<br> characteristics of design, structure and the wood species used, paying attention to their anatomic features and the<br> state of flooring preservation. Taking into account the size of the site and the modifications of interiors that took<br> place at different moments in time, all the features under investigation proved to be very diversified.<br> Decorative flooring is present in twenty rooms of the Castle, in total there are thirty one different tile patterns,<br> while six are repeated. In Łańcutt, the tiles are mostly solid, with additional intarsia; less frequently they have the<br> form of classic layer tiles.
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Classics of Polish Design. Furniture Icons from the Polish People's Republic (PRL) presents a review of the best Polish furniture designs from the Polish People's Republic: the 1950s and 1960s. The paper continues the series... more
Classics of Polish Design. Furniture Icons from the Polish People's Republic (PRL) presents a review of the best Polish furniture designs from the Polish People's Republic: the 1950s and 1960s. The paper continues the series devoted to the "Classical Polish Design", presenting the results of research on Polish post-war furniture and the icons of Polish design, carried out within the framework of dissertations in the Department of Wood Technology in the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW). Some of the innovative furniture designs have been analysed in the hereby article. We present a chronologically organised review of designs that aspired to become breakthrough and timeless (design icons), with the author's background and the furniture's style, structure and materials.
Issues related to material identification of furniture with Boulle’s style ornaments on the example of a decorative box from the 19th century. Due to this practice of imitating and copying furniture, style analysis is not sufficient for... more
Issues related to material identification of furniture with Boulle’s style ornaments on the example of a decorative box from the 19th century. Due to this practice of imitating and copying furniture, style analysis is not sufficient for the item's attribution. Material characterisation might prove necessary, because even faithful copies of the furniture’s external appearance were made with the use of contemporary materials. The aim of the study consists in explaining the complex issues related to material identification of furniture with Boulle style ornaments on the example of a decorative box from the 19th century. The scope of works includes the box’s materials characterization, as well as an analysis of the obtained test results, in order to assess whether the age and origin of a piece of furniture can be identified on the basis of materials characterization.
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Material and Construction Characteristics of a Box with Boulle Ornaments as Identification Criteria. The aim of the study consists in the characterisation and identification of a decorative box with Boulle-style ornaments (private... more
Material and Construction Characteristics of a Box with Boulle Ornaments as Identification Criteria. The aim of the study consists in the characterisation and identification of a decorative box with Boulle-style ornaments (private property). The material analysis focused on identifying the materials that were used to manufacture the item, in the context of the time when they were used. The construction analysis took into account the type of joints, ways of fixing the metal fittings, etc. The functional analysis based on the item’s proportions and the lining used inside permitted to define the object’s purpose. The style analysis provided data on the possible time when the object was made, on the basis of style characteristics, as well as the type and pattern of the ornaments. Due to the fact that the analyses revealed similarities with decorative boxes from the period of Napoleon III, chosen features of the box were compared with items from that period as to their dimensions, materi...
Research Interests: Engineering and Ornaments
Statistical Analysis of 19th Century Wooden Tile Parquet Abrasion Test Results. In order to preserve wooden parquets from antique buildings located in South-Eastern Poland, we assessed their usage properties in accordance with the... more
Statistical Analysis of 19th Century Wooden Tile Parquet Abrasion Test Results. In order to preserve wooden parquets from antique buildings located in South-Eastern Poland, we assessed their usage properties in accordance with the conservation doctrine from the Act on Monument Protection of 2003. The fact that elements of wooden parquets have been preserved for almost 200 years shows that the wood quality was high. The aim of the analysis is to compare oak, ash, pine and elm samples of wooden elements without finish collected from parquets in the Tarnowiec, Falejówka and Przewrotne manor houses and contemporary parquet materials made of solid wood, taking into account the abrasion wear measured by mass loss. Another purpose of the analysis is to specify the significance of factors such as wood species and climate for the wood’s resistance to abrasion. The abrasion resistance was measured with the Taber method on the basis of mass loss, in accordance with PN-EN ISO 5470-1:2001 standa...
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The effect of the feed speed and rotation speed of plane milling on the surface roughness of beech wood. The paper presents studies on the effect of feed speed and spindle rotation speed on the milled surface of beech wood worked on a... more
The effect of the feed speed and rotation speed of plane milling on the surface roughness of beech wood. The paper presents studies on the effect of feed speed and spindle rotation speed on the milled surface of beech wood worked on a milling machine. In this study eight feed speed variants and five spindle rotation speed variants were tested. The analyses focused on roughness characteristics of milled surface and detailed visual (organoleptic) analyses were conducted. A statistically significant effect of feed speed and spindle rotation speed was observed. Advantageous ranges of beech wood cutting parameters were determined for practical application in milling operations.
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Influence of wooden floor surface finish on its resistance to scratches. The investigation of traditional wooden floor surface finish properties was also related to the changes in resistance to scratches of samples without finishing and... more
Influence of wooden floor surface finish on its resistance to scratches. The investigation of traditional wooden floor surface finish properties was also related to the changes in resistance to scratches of samples without finishing and samples covered with wax, with varnish and with contemporary parquet oil combined with wax oil. Research was carried out on antique and contemporary wood samples. The tests of resistance to scratches were performed on the basis of the PN-EN 438-2:2005 standard. The standard is used for finish coating tests and is not an accurate tool for testing wood without finish. In accordance to that standard, all the tested samples fall in the same group, because continuous scratches appeared already in case of the 1N force. However, the divergence between the degree of scratching was significant for different wood species, as well as for contemporary and antique wood. Therefore, the test results were calculated for the width of the scratches. We assumed that th...
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Influence of wooden floor surface finish on its hardness and resistance to abrasion. Traditional methods of wood impregnation consisted in soaking it with substances of natural origin: vegetable oils, beet sugar, cane sugar, paraffin,... more
Influence of wooden floor surface finish on its hardness and resistance to abrasion. Traditional methods of wood impregnation consisted in soaking it with substances of natural origin: vegetable oils, beet sugar, cane sugar, paraffin, colophony, waxes, potassium alum, etc. The surface of antique wooden parquets was soaked with wax or with oils. The research was aimed at specifying the properties of different finish coatings used as traditional means of wooden floor surface finishing, by analysing the changes in hardness and resistance to abrasion of samples without finish coating and samples covered with wax, varnish (natural linen oil), as well as contemporary synthetic parquet oil combined with wax oil. Research was carried out on antique and contemporary wood samples. The tests of wood hardness were done in accordance with the Brinell method, in line with the PN-EN 1534:2011 standard. The abrasion resistance was measured with the Taber method on the basis of mass loss, in accorda...
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An influence of contemporary oil coatings on the aesthetical properties and abrasion resistance of oak wood parquets. The article analyses the influence of oil coatings on the colour, gloss, and abrasion resistance of parquets made of oak... more
An influence of contemporary oil coatings on the aesthetical properties and abrasion resistance of oak wood parquets. The article analyses the influence of oil coatings on the colour, gloss, and abrasion resistance of parquets made of oak wood. Popular oil coatings of the same brand were compared: two-ingredient oil, single-ingredient oil and wax oil. A comparison of properties of several different kinds of oil manufactured by the same brand reveals that they do have influence on the changes in wood properties, when comparing to wood without finish. Single-ingredient and two-ingredient oil darken the colour, increase in red colour and in yellow colour to a similar extent, while wax oil darkens it and increase the share of red and yellow colour less. As to gloss, there are no statistically significant differences between the influence of the different oils. Twoingredient oil practically does not change resistance to abrasion at all, while single-ingredient oil and wax oil reduce the ...
Research Interests: Materials Science and Wax
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The article describes diverse solutions used in the construction of antique wooden beam-structure floors and analyses the viability of their application in reconstructions. The function of the individual layers of their structure is... more
The article describes diverse solutions used in the construction of antique wooden beam-structure floors and analyses the viability of their application in reconstructions. The function of the individual layers of their structure is analysed by: 1.Comparing elasticity (shock absorption in accordance to the PN EN 14808:2005 standard) of floors with continuous support (joists lying on a mineral base and joists placed on a layer of sand) with parquets that have punctual support. 2.Comparing the elasticity of parquets lying on a boarding and those placed directly on joists. 3.Analysing the function of woodwork parquet joints in the floor structure. The capability of floors from antique manor houses in South-Eastern Poland to transfer own and usage loads is being assessed in order to make recommendations as to their preservation, relocation or substitution.
Research Interests:
Floor structures are an integral part and a valuable element of antique buildings, and the only limitation of their preservation consists in their usage properties. A thorough study of their state of preservation is the starting point for... more
Floor structures are an integral part and a valuable element of antique buildings, and the only limitation of their preservation consists in their usage properties. A thorough study of their state of preservation is the starting point for choosing the correct conservation programmes. Currently, fungi are the main reason that leads to the replacement of antique wooden parquets in Poland. Simple visual inspections in many cases do not ensure a precise evaluation of the level of fungal infestation and the depth of penetration of the myceliums hyphae in the wood. Tests of ergosterol, which is a component of most fungis cell membrane, allow us to monitor the level of fungi infestation of diverse materials. This makes it possible to determine the depth of mycelium penetration within the wood quite precisely. Unfortunately, in case of basidiomycota it is not possible to correlate ergosterol with the myceliums biomass nor with the grade of wood degradation. Moreover, tests of ergosterol are...
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Historical manor houses form an important part of Polish cultural heritage. Manors referred to one storey bricked or, more frequently, wooden buildings. The aim of this study consists in a historical, stylistic, structural and functional... more
Historical manor houses form an important part of Polish cultural heritage. Manors referred to one storey bricked or, more frequently, wooden buildings. The aim of this study consists in a historical, stylistic, structural and functional analysis of Polish manors and in the reconstruction design of a wooden manor house forming part of a homestead in the Museum of Folk Culture in Kolbuszowa.
