The origin of the grapevine was investigated with archaeobotanical, cultural and historical data.... more The origin of the grapevine was investigated with archaeobotanical, cultural and historical data. A primary domestication centre was located in the Near East region but there is no agreement on the existence or role of secondary domestication centres. In this work, PCR-based microsatellite analysis has been applied to study the origin of some Italian cultivated grapevines from in situ direct domestication of the wild autoctonous grapevine. Three different Italian locations in Grosseto, Cosenza and Nuoro were identified for this study, and domesticated grapevine as well as wild local accessions growing in these location, were analysed by SSR markers. Cluster analysis performed on Cosenza and Grosseto samples showed a high value of genetic distance between domesticated and wild accessions. On the contrary two cultivars (Bovale Murru and Bovale Muristellu) recovered in Nuoro (in the Sardinia island) were very close to some wild varieties. This suggests that the latter two cultivars may have originated from wild grapevines and consequently that in this location a secondary grapevine domestication event occurred. Six Lambrusco varieties were also included in this analysis as ancient putative ancestors of the cultivated grapevines. The molecular analysis excluded this hypothesis and suggest Lambrusco as an independent Vitis taxon.
The role of grape berry skin as a protective barrier against damage by physical injuries and path... more The role of grape berry skin as a protective barrier against damage by physical injuries and pathogen attacks requires a metabolism able to sustain biosynthetic activities such as those relating to secondary compounds (i.e., flavonoids). In order to draw the attention on these biochemical processes, a proteomic and metabolomic comparative analysis was performed among Riesling Italico, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, and Croatina cultivars, which are known to accumulate anthocyanins to a different extent. The application of multivariate statistics on the dataset pointed out that the cultivars were distinguishable from each other and the order in which they were grouped mainly reflected their relative anthocyanin contents. Sorting the spots according to their significance 100 proteins were characterized by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Through GC-MS, performed in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode, 57 primary metabolites were analyzed and the differences in abundance of 16 of them resulted statistically significant to ANOVA test. Considering the functional distribution, the identified proteins were involved in many physiological processes such as stress, defense, carbon metabolism, energy conversion and secondary metabolism. The trends of some metabolites were related to those of the protein data. Taken together, the results permitted to highlight the relationships between the secondary compound pathways and the main metabolism (e.g., glycolysis and TCA cycle). Moreover, the trend of accumulation of many proteins involved in stress responses, reinforced the idea that they could play a role in the cultivar specific developmental plan.
VIII International Conference on Grape Genetics and Breeding, 2003
... Giulia Tamai, Lucio Brancadoro, Osvaldo Failla, Anna Spinardi and Attilio Scienza Department ... more ... Giulia Tamai, Lucio Brancadoro, Osvaldo Failla, Anna Spinardi and Attilio Scienza Department of Crop Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via ... long to overcome and the expression in offspring of deleterious recessive genes in the homozygous state (Bisson 1986; Bell et al ...
During the first stages of development, flowers of most dioecious species are hermaphroditic, wit... more During the first stages of development, flowers of most dioecious species are hermaphroditic, with their transition to unisexual flowers being the result of the developmental arrest of one set of reproductive organs. In this work, we describe the development of male and female flowers of the dioecious wild grape species Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris through scanning electron microscopy analysis and
Muscat of Alexandria is known in Italy as Zibibbo. Zibibbo nero, red-wine grapes, is a sport muta... more Muscat of Alexandria is known in Italy as Zibibbo. Zibibbo nero, red-wine grapes, is a sport mutation of Zibibbo variety. A biochemical and molecular characterization of berry colour (VvMybA1 and VvMybA2 genes, Vitis vinifera MYeloBlastosis) and aroma Muscat (VvDXS gene, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase) traits in both Zibibbo cultivars was performed, as well as ampelographic and genetic identification analyses. Molecular investigations were performed also for two putative Zibibbo parents (Moscato Bianco and Triboto), in order to prove the white-to-red shift of the red-skinned mutant. Ampelographic and genetic analysis demonstrated the high similarity between Zibibbo and Zibibbo nero, as well as a comparable aroma profile, characterized mainly by high content of linalool, geranic acid and geraniol (about 70 %). The Zibibbo nero anthocyanin profile was characterized by a high proportion in cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (about 69.23 %). The molecular characterization of VvMybA1 and VvMybA2 locus detected non-functional alleles for white-skinned samples, while also the functional alleles were observed for red-skinned samples. About the VvDXS locus, the aromatic varieties showed the typical pattern of Muscat variety, while Triboto (Zibibbo parent) showed the non-Muscat-like flavour pattern. The colour locus structure of Zibibbo and its putative parents suggested that Zibibbo nero is a berry colour revertant of Zibibbo.
The origin of the grapevine was investigated with archaeobotanical, cultural and historical data.... more The origin of the grapevine was investigated with archaeobotanical, cultural and historical data. A primary domestication centre was located in the Near East region but there is no agreement on the existence or role of secondary domestication centres. In this work, PCR-based microsatellite analysis has been applied to study the origin of some Italian cultivated grapevines from in situ direct domestication of the wild autoctonous grapevine. Three different Italian locations in Grosseto, Cosenza and Nuoro were identified for this study, and domesticated grapevine as well as wild local accessions growing in these location, were analysed by SSR markers. Cluster analysis performed on Cosenza and Grosseto samples showed a high value of genetic distance between domesticated and wild accessions. On the contrary two cultivars (Bovale Murru and Bovale Muristellu) recovered in Nuoro (in the Sardinia island) were very close to some wild varieties. This suggests that the latter two cultivars may have originated from wild grapevines and consequently that in this location a secondary grapevine domestication event occurred. Six Lambrusco varieties were also included in this analysis as ancient putative ancestors of the cultivated grapevines. The molecular analysis excluded this hypothesis and suggest Lambrusco as an independent Vitis taxon.
The role of grape berry skin as a protective barrier against damage by physical injuries and path... more The role of grape berry skin as a protective barrier against damage by physical injuries and pathogen attacks requires a metabolism able to sustain biosynthetic activities such as those relating to secondary compounds (i.e., flavonoids). In order to draw the attention on these biochemical processes, a proteomic and metabolomic comparative analysis was performed among Riesling Italico, Pinot Gris, Pinot Noir, and Croatina cultivars, which are known to accumulate anthocyanins to a different extent. The application of multivariate statistics on the dataset pointed out that the cultivars were distinguishable from each other and the order in which they were grouped mainly reflected their relative anthocyanin contents. Sorting the spots according to their significance 100 proteins were characterized by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Through GC-MS, performed in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode, 57 primary metabolites were analyzed and the differences in abundance of 16 of them resulted statistically significant to ANOVA test. Considering the functional distribution, the identified proteins were involved in many physiological processes such as stress, defense, carbon metabolism, energy conversion and secondary metabolism. The trends of some metabolites were related to those of the protein data. Taken together, the results permitted to highlight the relationships between the secondary compound pathways and the main metabolism (e.g., glycolysis and TCA cycle). Moreover, the trend of accumulation of many proteins involved in stress responses, reinforced the idea that they could play a role in the cultivar specific developmental plan.
VIII International Conference on Grape Genetics and Breeding, 2003
... Giulia Tamai, Lucio Brancadoro, Osvaldo Failla, Anna Spinardi and Attilio Scienza Department ... more ... Giulia Tamai, Lucio Brancadoro, Osvaldo Failla, Anna Spinardi and Attilio Scienza Department of Crop Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via ... long to overcome and the expression in offspring of deleterious recessive genes in the homozygous state (Bisson 1986; Bell et al ...
During the first stages of development, flowers of most dioecious species are hermaphroditic, wit... more During the first stages of development, flowers of most dioecious species are hermaphroditic, with their transition to unisexual flowers being the result of the developmental arrest of one set of reproductive organs. In this work, we describe the development of male and female flowers of the dioecious wild grape species Vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris through scanning electron microscopy analysis and
Muscat of Alexandria is known in Italy as Zibibbo. Zibibbo nero, red-wine grapes, is a sport muta... more Muscat of Alexandria is known in Italy as Zibibbo. Zibibbo nero, red-wine grapes, is a sport mutation of Zibibbo variety. A biochemical and molecular characterization of berry colour (VvMybA1 and VvMybA2 genes, Vitis vinifera MYeloBlastosis) and aroma Muscat (VvDXS gene, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase) traits in both Zibibbo cultivars was performed, as well as ampelographic and genetic identification analyses. Molecular investigations were performed also for two putative Zibibbo parents (Moscato Bianco and Triboto), in order to prove the white-to-red shift of the red-skinned mutant. Ampelographic and genetic analysis demonstrated the high similarity between Zibibbo and Zibibbo nero, as well as a comparable aroma profile, characterized mainly by high content of linalool, geranic acid and geraniol (about 70 %). The Zibibbo nero anthocyanin profile was characterized by a high proportion in cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (about 69.23 %). The molecular characterization of VvMybA1 and VvMybA2 locus detected non-functional alleles for white-skinned samples, while also the functional alleles were observed for red-skinned samples. About the VvDXS locus, the aromatic varieties showed the typical pattern of Muscat variety, while Triboto (Zibibbo parent) showed the non-Muscat-like flavour pattern. The colour locus structure of Zibibbo and its putative parents suggested that Zibibbo nero is a berry colour revertant of Zibibbo.
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