This study’s objective was to estimate the seasonal occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in cow’s milk between winter 2016 and winter 2022 and to assess dietary exposure and risk assessment for the adult Croatian population. In total, 5817... more
This study’s objective was to estimate the seasonal occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in cow’s milk between winter 2016 and winter 2022 and to assess dietary exposure and risk assessment for the adult Croatian population. In total, 5817 cow milk samples were screened for AFM1 concentrations using the enzyme immunoassay assay (ELISA). For confirmation purposes of AFM1 concentration above the European Union maximum permitted level (MRL), ultra high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was performed. In 94.7% of milk samples, AFM1 levels were below the detection limit (LOD) of the ELISA test. For 3.47% of samples, the AFM1 was between the LOD and MRL values. Only 1.87% of all samples exceeded the MRL. The mean value of elevated AFM1 in different seasons ranged between 59.2 ng/kg (autumn 2017) and 387.8 ng/kg (autumn 2021). The highest incidences of positive AFM1 were determined in autumn and winter and the maximum (6.4%) was in winter 2019/2020. The largest p...
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Dr. sc. Nina BILANDŽIĆ*, dipl. ing. biotehnol., znanstvena savjetnica (dopisni autor, e-mail: bilandzic@ veinst.hr), dr. sc. Marija SEDAK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Bruno ČALOPEK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Maja ĐOKIĆ, dipl. ing. kem.... more
Dr. sc. Nina BILANDŽIĆ*, dipl. ing. biotehnol., znanstvena savjetnica (dopisni autor, e-mail: bilandzic@ veinst.hr), dr. sc. Marija SEDAK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Bruno ČALOPEK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Maja ĐOKIĆ, dipl. ing. kem. tehnol., Božica SOLOMUN KOLANOVIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol., dr. sc. Ivana VARENINA, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Đurđica BOŽIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Ines VARGA, mag. primj. kem., Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska Uvod
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in macro- (Ca, Na, Mg) and microelement (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn) concentrations in processed cow milk samples. Sterilized UHT milk with 2.8% milk fat produced by five... more
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in macro- (Ca, Na, Mg) and microelement (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Se, Zn) concentrations in processed cow milk samples. Sterilized UHT milk with 2.8% milk fat produced by five different milk producers in Croatia and one milk producer in the European Union (EU) were randomly purchased from large marketplaces in the Croatian capital, Zagreb. Element concentrations were analysed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mean element concentrations were in the range (mg/kg): Ca 1111–1285, Na 361.1–453.3, Mg 101.2–113.7, Zn 3.85–4.33 ; (µg/kg): Fe 180.7–269.1, Cu 36.2–45.1, Mo 33.3–47.7, Mn 22.9–31.1, Se 14.7–26.4, Cr 1.91–5.24, Co 0.19–0.32. Significant differences in the content of Ca, Cr, Na, Mn, Mo, Se and Zn were determined between milk samples of different producers. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of Cu or Co. Milk of Croatian producers showed significant differences in Mg, Fe, Mo, ...
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Marija SEDAK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., dr. sc. Nina BILANDŽIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol., znanstvena savjetnica, Bruno ČALOPEK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Maja ĐOKIĆ, dipl. ing. kem. tehnol., Božica SOLOMUN KOLANOVIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol.,... more
Marija SEDAK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., dr. sc. Nina BILANDŽIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol., znanstvena savjetnica, Bruno ČALOPEK, dipl. ing. prehr. tehnol., Maja ĐOKIĆ, dipl. ing. kem. tehnol., Božica SOLOMUN KOLANOVIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Ivana VARENINA, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Đurđica BOŽIĆ, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Ines VARGA, dipl. ing. biotehnol., Hrvatski veterinarski institut, Zagreb, Hrvatska; dr. sc. Branimir ŠIMIĆ, dipl. ing., redoviti profesor, Prehrambeno-biotehnološki fakultet, Zagreb, Hrvatska; dr. sc. Martina ĐURAS, dr. med. vet., docentica, dr. sc. Tomislav Gomerčić, dr. med. vet., docent, Veterinarski fakultet Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, Hrvatska Uvod
Specijacija metala ima važnu ulogu prilikom istraživanja toksičnosti i bioraspoloživosti elemenata kada informacija o ukupnoj koncentraciji elementa nije dovoljna. S toksikološkog stajališta, specijacija igra važnu ulogu u slučaju arsena.... more
Specijacija metala ima važnu ulogu prilikom istraživanja toksičnosti i bioraspoloživosti elemenata kada informacija o ukupnoj koncentraciji elementa nije dovoljna. S toksikološkog stajališta, specijacija igra važnu ulogu u slučaju arsena. Među vrstama arsena koje se nalaze u hrani, anorganske (As (III) i As (V)) su toksičnije za ljude nego organske vrste. Apsorpcija i izlučivanje arsena ovisi o vrsti arsenovih spojeva. Anorganski arsen (iAs) se lakše apsorbira od organskog arsena, As (V) se izlučuje brže od As (III), a organski spojevi uneseni u organizam izlučuju se brže od anorganskih (Hughes i sur., 2011.). Najviše koncentracije ukupnog arsena izmjerene su u sljedećim prehrambenim proizvodima: riba i plodovi mora, proizvodi ili dodatci prehrani na bazi alga (osobito hijiki, Hizikia fusiformis), žitarice i proizvodi od žitarica, proizvodi od riže, mekinje i klice. Međutim, u nekim od ovih skupina hrane, razina anorganskog arsena je niska (npr. riba i plodovi mora), jer se u morski...
Sažetak Dioksini i dioksinima slični spojevi objedinjuju 29 različitih kongenera dioksina, furana i polikloriranih bifenila (PCB). Toksičnost navedenih spojeva vrlo je slična. Najtoksičniji kongener je 2,3,7,8-tetrakloro-dibenzo-p-dioksin... more
Sažetak Dioksini i dioksinima slični spojevi objedinjuju 29 različitih kongenera dioksina, furana i polikloriranih bifenila (PCB). Toksičnost navedenih spojeva vrlo je slična. Najtoksičniji kongener je 2,3,7,8-tetrakloro-dibenzo-p-dioksin (TCDD). Toksični potencijal ostalih dioksina (PCDD) i furana (PCDF) definira se u odnosu na TCDD. Izloženost ljudi dioksinima uglavnom se odnosi na izloženost preko hrane. Kada dioksini dospiju u organizam, dijelom se metaboliziraju i eliminiraju iz organizma, a dijelom se akumuliraju u masnom tkivu. Zakonskim propisima regulirano je da se udio dioksina u hrani i hrani za životinje izražava toksičnim ekvivalentom (TEQ). Ključne riječi: dioksini, poliklorirani bifenili, hrana
The paper presents the results of the study of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in kidney tissue of 78 cattle and 45 pigs from rural regions of Croatia, sampled in 2009. Cd and Pb levels were determined by atomic... more
The paper presents the results of the study of heavy metals: cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in kidney tissue of 78 cattle and 45 pigs from rural regions of Croatia, sampled in 2009. Cd and Pb levels were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry by application of graphite technique, and Hg levels by direct burning on a mercury analyser. Cd, Hg and Pb levels determined in bovine kidney tissue signi cantly exceeded the levels established in pigs. The obtained results of Cd and Pb corresponded to the values from rural regions of other EU countries, while Hg levels were lower in comparison to other EU regions. In 13% of bovine kidney samples, Cd levels exceeding the maximum permitted levels (1 mg/kg) were found, while only in 1.15% of bovine kidney tissue, Pb levels exceeded the maximum permitted ones (0.5 mg/kg). Levels exceeding the maximum permitted quantity were not found in porcine kidneys. Maximum permitted Hg levels are not set forth in EU or Croatian legislation; th...
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Mangan je esencijalan element koji sudjeluje u nizu metabolickih funkcija, ukljucujuci razvoj skeletnog sustava, metabolizam energije, aktivaciju određenih enzima, funkcioniranje živcanog sustava, rast veznog tkiva, zgrusavanje krvi,... more
Mangan je esencijalan element koji sudjeluje u nizu metabolickih funkcija, ukljucujuci razvoj skeletnog sustava, metabolizam energije, aktivaciju određenih enzima, funkcioniranje živcanog sustava, rast veznog tkiva, zgrusavanje krvi, funkcioniranje imunoloskog sustava te pravilnu funkciju reproduktivnih hormona. Također je i antioksidans koji stiti stanice od djelovanja slobodnih radikala te kofaktor u nizu enzimskih reakcija. U životinja njegov nedostatak utjece na metabolizam ugljikohidrata, smanjenje metabolizma glukoze, nepravilan metabolizam lipida te slabljenje sinteze i djelovanje inzulina. Mangan se koncentrira u mitohondriju stanice te tkiva koja su bogata tim organelama, kao sto su gusteraca, jetra, bubreg i crijeva, imaju najvise koncentracije mangana. Također, lako prelazi krvno-moždanu barijeru i akumulira se u specificnim regijama mozga. Stoga kronicno udisanje visokih koncentracija mangana utjece na mozak te uzrokuje poremecaj sredisnjeg živcanog sustava i neurobihevi...
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The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of essential, trace, and toxic elements in beef and pork meat cuts available at markets and retail chains in the Croatian capital. Significant differences in the concentrations of... more
The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of essential, trace, and toxic elements in beef and pork meat cuts available at markets and retail chains in the Croatian capital. Significant differences in the concentrations of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Pb, and Zn were found between bovine cuts (p < 0.01, all) and also between pork cuts (p < 0.01, all). A risk assessment using the estimated intakes based on the lowest and highest mean values of Al, Cr, Ni, and Pb in beef and pork showed low contributions to tolerable toxicological limits. However, consumers whose diets consist of large amounts of beef and pork kidneys may be at risk because the estimated intakes for Cd and Se exceeded the toxicological limits. Consumers of large quantities of beef mixed meat may be at risk due to higher values of estimated As intakes compared to health-based guidance values. Estimation based on the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake values for Cu, Fe, and Zn showed ...
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Fipronil je insekticid širokog spektra djelovanja koji se ubraja u skupinu fenilpirazola. Prvi je insekticid koji je djelovao ciljajući GABA (gama-aminomaslačnu kiselinu) receptor i imao povoljnu selektivnu toksičnost prema insektima, ali... more
Fipronil je insekticid širokog spektra djelovanja koji se ubraja u skupinu fenilpirazola. Prvi je insekticid koji je djelovao ciljajući GABA (gama-aminomaslačnu kiselinu) receptor i imao povoljnu selektivnu toksičnost prema insektima, ali ne i sisavcima. U skladu s uredbom (EZ) br. 1107/2009. fipronil nije odobren u sredstvima za zaštitu bilja te je zabranjeno tretiranje životinja namijenjenih za prehranu ljudi u Europskoj uniji (EU). Najveća dopuštena količina (NDK) fipronila ustvrđena je prema Uredbi 396/2005. o maksimalnim razinama ostataka pesticida u i na hrani i hrani za životinje biljnog i životinjskog podrijetla te za jaja i meso peradi iznosi 0,005 mg/kg. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (WHO) klasificirala je fipronil kao umjereno opasan pesticid II klase. Konzumiranje malih količina fipronila izaziva mučninu, glavobolju, povraćanje, bol u želucu, slabost i vrtoglavicu. Nakon apsorpcije u ljudi distribuira se u tkiva i oslobađa aktivne metabolite koji se nakupljaju uglavn...
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Manganese concentrations were determined in muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, lung and fat tissues and skin of three cetacean species, the bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus), striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) and Risso's (Grampus griseus)... more
Manganese concentrations were determined in muscle, kidney, liver, spleen, lung and fat tissues and skin of three cetacean species, the bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus), striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) and Risso's (Grampus griseus) dolphins, stranded along the Croatian Adriatic coast between 1995 and 2013. Mean ranges determined in tissues were (mg/kg, ww): muscle 0.23-0.27, liver 2.87-4.00, kidney 0.66-1.26, spleen 0.37-0.79, lung 0.18-0.57, skin 0.11-0.97, fat 0.06-0.42. The highest Mn mean levels in tissues were measured in species (mg/kg, ww): T. truncates lung 0.41, skin 0.97, fat 0.42; S. coeruleoalba muscle 0.26; G. griseus kidney 1.26, liver 4.00, spleen 0.64. Significant differences of Mn concentrations in the liver (p = 0.034), spleen (p = 0.037) and skin (p = 0.013) were found among the three dolphin species. Significant differences in Mn levels were found between young and adult T. truncates in kidney (p = 0.042), lung (p = 0.0040) and skin (p = 0.0034).
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Copper concentrations were determined in muscle, liver, kidney, spleen and lung tissues of three dolphin species. Dolphins of Tursiops truncatus (young and adult), Stenella coeruleoalba and Grampus griseus were stranded along the Croatian... more
Copper concentrations were determined in muscle, liver, kidney, spleen and lung tissues of three dolphin species. Dolphins of Tursiops truncatus (young and adult), Stenella coeruleoalba and Grampus griseus were stranded along the Croatian coast. Concentrations in tissues of all three dolphin species were highest in the liver (4.92-16.5 μg/g) followed by kidney (2.85-5.29 μg/g). Similar levels were measured in muscle, spleen and lung in range 1.13-3.67 μg/g. Statistics analysis showed significant differences of Cu concentrations for muscle (p = 0.008), kidney (p = 0.04) and liver (p = 0.02) between the three dolphin species. Also, for all three species significant differences between tissue types of the same species were determined (p < 0.001, all). However, there were no significant differences in Cu levels of the same tissues between males and females within same species. Also, significant differences of body length and weight between three dolphin were found (p < 0.001, both).
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The concentrations of macro-and microelements in the milk of Croatian Coldblood mares were determined throughout the lactation phases by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Element contents during days 10-180 of... more
The concentrations of macro-and microelements in the milk of Croatian Coldblood mares were determined throughout the lactation phases by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Element contents during days 10-180 of lactation were in the ranges (mg/kg): Ca 585-772, K 547-687, Na 131-165, Mg 56.8-71.0, Cu 0.085-0.14, Fe 0.013-0.41, Zn 1.86-2.15, Se 0.003-0.029. Variation trends for elements were found throughout the lactation stages. However, significantly higher Fe concentrations were found on days 10 and 40 of lactation than on day 60 (p < 0.05, both). There were no statistically significant differences between concentrations of other elements during lactation. Moderate correlations were found between the elements: Ca: K, Mg, Se; Mg: K, Cu; Se: Cu, Fe. The element concentrations in horse milk, with the exception of Ca and Cu, fell within the ranges previously reported for different breeds of dairy horses. Cu and Fe contents were lower, while the Zn content was ...
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The differences in metal exposure (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg) in the muscle, liver and kidney tissues of brown bears (Ursus arctos), grey wolfs (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynxs (Lynx lynx), Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and pine martens (Martes... more
The differences in metal exposure (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Hg) in the muscle, liver and kidney tissues of brown bears (Ursus arctos), grey wolfs (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynxs (Lynx lynx), Eurasian badgers (Meles meles) and pine martens (Martes martes) from Croatia were observed. The highest mean Cd levels were found in kidney and liver of Eurasian badger (3.05 and 0.537 mg/kg). The highest Cu concentrations (mg/kg) measured in liver tissue were obtained in order: Eurasian badger (15.2) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; brown bear (12.1) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; pine marten (10.3) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; Eurasian lynx (8.43) &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; grey wolf (6.44). Result presented that Eurasian badger accumulated the highest levels of elements: As, Cu and Pb in muscle; As, Cd, Cu and Pb in liver; Cd and Pb in kidney. Kidney of pine marten accumulated the highest concentrations of As, Cu and Hg. Omnivorous species observed present an important bioindicator for the accumulation of toxic elements indicating an enhanced vulnerability for response to ecological changes in forested terrain. Generally, element concentrations found in five species observed were lower in comparison to levels reported in previous studies and below levels related to toxicosis in mammals.
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... Accordingly, metals can accumulate to toxic concentrations and cause ecological damage, and subsequently be transferred to humans through the food chain ([Giordano et al., 1991] and [Gümgüm et al., 1994]; Güven, Ozbay, Unlü,... more
... Accordingly, metals can accumulate to toxic concentrations and cause ecological damage, and subsequently be transferred to humans through the food chain ([Giordano et al., 1991] and [Gümgüm et al., 1994]; Güven, Ozbay, Unlü, &amp;amp;amp; Satar, 1999). ...