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<p>The mean concentration of deltamethrin on the net (±1 standard deviation) against the number of washes for each drying procedure is shown.</p
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<p><b>A.</b> The Interceptor® nets lose active ingredient after each wash, independent of the type of washing or drying. Only around 29% of the baseline concentration of alpha-cypermethrin stayed on the nets after 20... more
<p><b>A.</b> The Interceptor® nets lose active ingredient after each wash, independent of the type of washing or drying. Only around 29% of the baseline concentration of alpha-cypermethrin stayed on the nets after 20 washes. <b>B.</b> PermaNet®2.0 nets lose active ingredient after each wash, independent of the type of washing or drying. Only around 27% of the baseline concentration of deltamethrin stayed on the nets after 20 washes. <b>C.</b> Netprotect® nets lose active ingredient after each wash, independent of the type of washing or drying. The remaining insecticide after 20 washes is about 70% of the baseline concentration.</p
Research Interests: Insecticide and Residual
<p>The samples were hung on cords which were tied around the circumference of a circular plate. The True-Light lamp was fixed at the center. In this way the distance between all nets and the light was equal.</p
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<p>The mean concentration of alpha-cypermethrin on the net (±1 standard deviation) against the number of washes for each drying procedure is shown.</p
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<p>A comparison between the literature data and the data obtained in this study is presented. The comparison of these data is based on the overall percent of retention.</p>*<p>the concentration was expressed in mg... more
<p>A comparison between the literature data and the data obtained in this study is presented. The comparison of these data is based on the overall percent of retention.</p>*<p>the concentration was expressed in mg a.i./m<sup>2</sup> of the net.</p
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<p>The assumptions underlying the analyses of variance were satisfied. The type and number of washes had a significant effect on the loss of active ingredient content.</p
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<p>The mean concentration of deltamethrin onto the net (±1 standard deviation) against the number of washing for each washes procedure is shown.</p
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<p>Mechanic forces illustration during the washing process.</p
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<p>For each type of LN and following the washing cycle, proposed mathematic models with the values of the model’s parameters are given.</p>a<p>Cycle which fit the model with the largest R-square value compared to the... more
<p>For each type of LN and following the washing cycle, proposed mathematic models with the values of the model’s parameters are given.</p>a<p>Cycle which fit the model with the largest R-square value compared to the other cycles.</p>b<p>Linear. Model whose equation is Y = b0+ (b1 * t).</p><p>Logarithmic. Model whose equation is Y = b0+ (b1 * ln(t)).</p><p>Quadratic. Model whose equation is Y = b0+ (b1 * t)+(b2 * t**2).</p><p>Exponential. Model whose equation is Y = b0 * (e**(b1 * t)) or ln(Y) = ln(b0)+(b1 * t).</p><p>With t is the number of washes and Y the active ingredient content.</p
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<p>The same removal of the active ingredient from the coated nets (p>0.05) with both washing procedures and a significant difference of the removal from the incorporated net are shown.</p>*<p>The dependent variable... more
<p>The same removal of the active ingredient from the coated nets (p>0.05) with both washing procedures and a significant difference of the removal from the incorporated net are shown.</p>*<p>The dependent variable (active ingredient content) was transformed into logarithm (ln) to fulfill the assumptions underlying the analysis of variance.</p
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<p>The washes were done up to 20 times. 3 samples (repetitions) after each washing cycle were analyzed. The average insecticide content of the samples from each odd number of washings was recorded and also the percentage of the... more
<p>The washes were done up to 20 times. 3 samples (repetitions) after each washing cycle were analyzed. The average insecticide content of the samples from each odd number of washings was recorded and also the percentage of the active ingredient retention was calculated after each 5 washing.</p
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<p>The exponential curve fitting of the data for each of the 3 washing cycles is shown. The concentration of the insecticide on the net as an exponential function of the number of washes is then shown.</p
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<p>The results obtained in this study and the literature data about the efficacy of the same nets are put next to each other. It shows that the active ingredient content is close to values published in the literature for all the... more
<p>The results obtained in this study and the literature data about the efficacy of the same nets are put next to each other. It shows that the active ingredient content is close to values published in the literature for all the types of the nets tested.</p
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<p>The mean concentration of alpha-cypermethrin on the net (±1 standard deviation) against the number of washes for each washing procedure is shown.</p
Research Interests: Procedures and Washing
<p>For each type of LN, the average insecticide retention per wash and the 95% confidence interval is calculated.</p
Research Interests: Retention and Insecticide
<p>The samples were hung on the cords which were horizontally attached on fixed supports in the room. The position of the curtains was lowered during the drying time to avoid direct sunlight.</p
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Malaria is one of the public health problems in the world. More than 3.3 billion people are at risk of malaria. Children under the age of five year, and pregnant women are most severely affected. The disease is transmitted to human... more
Malaria is one of the public health problems in the world. More than 3.3 billion people are at risk of malaria. Children under the age of five year, and pregnant women are most severely affected. The disease is transmitted to human through the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus Anopheles. Nowadays Long-Lasting Insecticidal Mosquito Nets (LNs) are the most popular and useful tools for malaria control. At the same time LNs face some challenges as the need for reliable methods to check the amount of pesticide used on the nets. Also there is a need to know if the LNs are still effective against mosquitoes after a certain time. In addition, some questions arise: ‘How should LNs be used and washed?’ ‘Which detergent should be used during the washing process?’ ‘How should LNs dry, indoor or outdoor, exposed to or avoiding sunlight?’ Next to the focus on the quality and efficacy of the LNs, as they contain pesticides the use of LNs may lead to human and environmental exposure ...
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Research Interests: Chemistry and Pyrethroid
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Dans cette these, nous nous interessons a la reconnaissance des primitives discretes multi-echelles. Nous considerons qu'une primitive discrete multi-echelles est une superposition de primitives discretes de differentes echelles ; et... more
Dans cette these, nous nous interessons a la reconnaissance des primitives discretes multi-echelles. Nous considerons qu'une primitive discrete multi-echelles est une superposition de primitives discretes de differentes echelles ; et nous proposons des approches qui permettent de determiner les caracteristiques d'une primitive discrete ou d'une partie d'une primitive discrete.Nous proposons une nouvelle approche de reconnaissance de sous-segment discret qui se base sur des proprietes portant sur l'ordre des restes arithmetiques de la droite discrete. Nous etablissons des liens entre les points d'appuis du sous-segment discret et les points ayant des restes arithmetiques minimaux et maximaux sur la droite discrete. D'apres les resultats de nos comparaisons, cette approche se releve etre plus efficace que des approches existantes.Nous nous interessons ensuite a des approches de reconnaissance d'arcs et de cercles discrets par le centre generalise. Nous ...