Significant research on surface water pollution modelling has been carried out over diverse landscapes has sought to explain the sources, transport, and surface water pollution. To date, surface water pollution studies have focused on... more
Significant research on surface water pollution modelling has been carried out over diverse landscapes has sought to explain the sources, transport, and surface water pollution. To date, surface water pollution studies have focused on nutrients, plastics, and chemicals. Consequently, the current review aims to identify and synthesise peer-reviewed literature about integrated contaminants modelling in surface water. Thus, highlighting that modelling potentially multiple sources of a pollutant from the surface water has remained a thought-provoking topic. Studies differed significantly in terms of the type of model application and procedures for reporting findings, making it challenging to separate clear trends and patterns. Accordingly, most studies agree that pollutants such as plastics and agrochemicals can have adverse consequences on surface water quality; these coincide with difficulties in modelling pollutant transport. Consequently, no regional or global estimates are availabl...
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Groundwater under Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi has been characterized in order to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Water samples were drawn from shallow groundwater (hand-dug shallow wells < 5 m)... more
Groundwater under Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi has been characterized in order to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Water samples were drawn from shallow groundwater (hand-dug shallow wells < 5 m) and deep groundwater (boreholes > 40 m). Physical parameters (i.e., temperature, TDS, pH, and EC), were determined in situ, using handheld meters. Discrete water samples were obtained for determination of chemical parameters. Results from several-sample ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test) suggested that heterogeneity in water table appeared to exert significant influence on groundwater chemistry which is characterized by a significant difference in pH, EC TH, Na+, Zn2+, Mg2+, PO43−, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42−, and NO3− concentrations. Also, ions including Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+, PO43−, and SO42− are above World Health Organization (2011) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007) reference guidelines. Most of the groundwater sources are moderately hard...
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Background: Geological formation's variability is responsible for spatial distribution and volume of groundwater stored in the aquifer. Groundwater availability is also determined by topography, geology, and climate, accountable for... more
Background: Geological formation's variability is responsible for spatial distribution and volume of groundwater stored in the aquifer. Groundwater availability is also determined by topography, geology, and climate, accountable for numerous natural surface indicators and groundwater availability. Objective: This paper evaluates the empirical relations between geology and sporadic groundwater levels over three geographical locations in the Sokoto basin by assessing the variability of static water level, pumping test, pumping water level and estimated yields from boreholes. Method: Hydrogeological data comprising of standing water level (Swl), pumping water level (Pwl), pumping test (Pt), and estimated yield (Ey) were derived from 612 boreholes in the Basement complex section (n=103), central Sokoto basin (n=113) and western Sokoto basin (n=396). The result shows that the Swl, Pt, and Ey were higher in the central Sokoto basin, whereas, Pwl was higher in the western Sokoto basin....
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Development and management of an improved water supply system is a great challenge faced by most developing nations. With rapid population growth and urbanization most, states in Nigeria find it difficult to deliver potable water to a... more
Development and management of an improved water supply system is a great challenge faced by most developing nations. With rapid population growth and urbanization most, states in Nigeria find it difficult to deliver potable water to a substantial number of people who are in dire need for this resource, especially in the Urban areas. In this study, we attempt to relate public water supply to population density in Kebbi State. An inventory of water supply facilities was taken in 21 Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Kebbi State. Census data was collected from the National Population Commission (NPC), Birnin-kebbi. Results showed that, population density correlates very strongly and positively with handpumps ( r= 0.95), urban schemes ( r= 0.88), semi-urban schemes ( r= 0.69) and village scheme ( r= 0.74). There was a very weak but positive correlation between population density and boreholes ( r=< 0.001); population density and tabs ( r= <0.001). PCA results showed, that the 21 LGA...
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Understanding the hydrochemical and hydrogeological physiognomies of subsurface water in a semi-arid region is important for the effective management of water resources. This paper presents a thorough review of the hydrogeology and... more
Understanding the hydrochemical and hydrogeological physiognomies of subsurface water in a semi-arid region is important for the effective management of water resources. This paper presents a thorough review of the hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the Hadejia-Yobe basin. The hydrochemical and hydrogeological configurations as reviewed indicated that the Chad Formation is the prolific aquifer in the basin. Boreholes piercing the Gundumi formation have a depth ranging from 20-85 meters. The hydrochemical composition of groundwater revealed water of excellent quality, as all the studied parameters were found to have concentrations within WHO and Nigeria’s standard for drinking water quality. However, further studies are required for further evaluation of water quality index, heavy metal pollution index, and irrigation water quality. Also, geochemical, and stable isotope analysis is required for understanding the provenance of salinity and hydrogeochemical controls on groundwater...
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This review attempted a detailed description of geological and hydrogeological configurations of Cross River and Imo-Akwa Ibo basins. It presented a synthesis of hydrochemistry and a description of the hydrogeological configurations of... more
This review attempted a detailed description of geological and hydrogeological configurations of Cross River and Imo-Akwa Ibo basins. It presented a synthesis of hydrochemistry and a description of the hydrogeological configurations of the two basins. Hydrogeologically, most areas under Cross River and Imo-Kwa-Ibo are poor in terms of groundwater potentials. Based on the hydrochemistry, the basins hold water of excellent quality. Groundwater sources fall in soft to moderately hard classes. The entire sources groundwater has a TDS concentration of less than 500 mg/l. Groundwater classification based on electrical conductivity (EC) showed EC levels were less than 500 µS/cm. Most of the examined cations and anions are within WHO reference guidelines for drinking water quality. However, no broad analysis of water quality based on water quality indices. Also, studies modeling pollution or the impact of land use changes on groundwater quality are wanting. Thus, further analysis of the ...
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This study examined the hydrochemistry of surface water along the River-Rima floodplain area. Five sampling locations were purposively selected, and, in each point, three samples were taken from surface water (river). The sampling was... more
This study examined the hydrochemistry of surface water along the River-Rima floodplain area. Five sampling locations were purposively selected, and, in each point, three samples were taken from surface water (river). The sampling was repeated after 20 days. Thus, a total of 30 samples were collected. Water samples obtained were subjected to laboratory tests. Results revealed that BOD, TDS, Mg2+, and Fe3+ are above the World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) reference guidelines for drinking water quality. Isolates detected from the coliform bacteriological analysis include Enterobacter aerogene, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter freundii with most of the samples showing coliform bacteria growth above the SON standard for drinking water. Hence, the water in the River-Rima floodplain of the Wamakko area is of low quality and unsafe for drinking. Results of principal component analysis (PCA) revealed external influences such as pollutant wash off and...
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This review presented a detailed re-assessment of the hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the Tropical Anambra Basin. It identified and discussed the major geological formations and their groundwater potentials. The geological examination... more
This review presented a detailed re-assessment of the hydrogeology and hydrochemistry of the Tropical Anambra Basin. It identified and discussed the major geological formations and their groundwater potentials. The geological examination showed that the Ajali Formation is confined in places forming an artesian condition; the potentials of this aquifer decline in the western basin due to a decrease in thickness. The sandstone associates of the Nsukka Formation are aquiferous and have produced high-pressure artesian boreholes along the Oji River. The Imo Shale is characterized by permeability stability all over much of the intermediate unit. The Bende-Ameki aquifer has a lesser amount of groundwater when equated to other formations; the geologic characteristics do not produce favorable hydrogeological conditions for groundwater occurrence. The stratigraphical and structural framework suggested the presence of an efficient throughflow in the basin. Based on physical and chemical param...
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Groundwater under Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi has been characterized in order to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Water samples were drawn from shallow groundwater (hand-dug shallow wells 40 m).... more
Groundwater under Basement Complex areas of southern Kebbi has been characterized in order to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation use. Water samples were drawn from shallow groundwater (hand-dug shallow wells 40 m). Physical parameters (i.e., temperature, TDS, pH, and EC), were determined in situ, using handheld meters. Discrete water samples were obtained for determination of chemical parameters. Results from several-sample ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test) suggested that heterogeneity in water table appeared to exert significant influence on groundwater chemistry which is characterized by a significant difference in pH, EC TH, Na+, Zn2+, Mg2+, PO43−, Cl−, HCO3−, SO42−, and NO3− concentrations. Also, ions including Fe3+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+, PO43−, and SO42− are above World Health Organization (2011) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (2007) reference guidelines. Most of the groundwater sources are moderately hard. Groundwater classification based on chloride...
The chemical composition of groundwater affects its suitability for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. About 80% of diseases in the world and one-third of deaths in developing countries are associated with drinking of water of... more
The chemical composition of groundwater affects its suitability for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. About 80% of diseases in the world and one-third of deaths in developing countries are associated with drinking of water of mediocre quality. Evaluation of groundwater in Cretaceous and Tertiary Aquifers of Northern Kebbi State (NKS) was carried out to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. Water samples were collected at random from hand-dug shallow wells. Results revealed that, TDS, EC, Mg 2+ , K + , Cl-, PO 4 3-, NO 3-and SO 4 2-concentrations do not follow the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) reference guidelines. Water samples having high TDS levels also have high Na + , Cl-and SO 4 2-levels. The order of cations and anions in the study area is thus: Na > K > Ca > Mg > Zn > Fe > Cu; and Cl > SO 4 > HCO 3 > NO 3 > PO 4 > CO 3. The hydro geochemical faeces showed groundwater in NKS fall in the class of Ca-Mg-Na-K and Mixed HCO 3-SO 4 water types. Rock weathering is the dominant mechanism controlling groundwater chemistry in NKS. Permeability indices fall in good to excellent class in most sampled points; however, Residual Sodium Carbonate levels are greater than 2.5 in most of sampling points, suggesting water which is unsuitable for irrigation use. Currents findings agree with most findings in literature. However, a comprehensive study evaluating groundwater from both shallow and deep aquifers of NKS over wider spatial and temporal scales is recommended because NKS is one of the most intensively irrigated fields in Nigeria.
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The chemical composition of groundwater affects its suitability for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. About 80% of diseases in the world and one-third of deaths in developing countries are associated with drinking of water of... more
The chemical composition of groundwater affects its suitability for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses. About 80% of diseases in the world and one-third of deaths in developing countries are associated with drinking of water of mediocre quality. Evaluation of groundwater in Cretaceous and Tertiary Aquifers of Northern Kebbi State (NKS) was carried out to determine its suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. Water samples were collected at random from hand-dug shallow wells. Results revealed that, TDS, EC, Mg 2+ , K + , Cl-, PO 4 3-, NO 3-and SO 4 2-concentrations do not follow the World Health Organization (WHO) and National Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) reference guidelines. Water samples having high TDS levels also have high Na + , Cl-and SO 4 2-levels. The order of cations and anions in the study area is thus: Na > K > Ca > Mg > Zn > Fe > Cu; and Cl > SO 4 > HCO 3 > NO 3 > PO 4 > CO 3. The hydro geochemical faeces showed groundwater in NKS fall in the class of Ca-Mg-Na-K and Mixed HCO 3-SO 4 water types. Rock weathering is the dominant mechanism controlling groundwater chemistry in NKS. Permeability indices fall in good to excellent class in most sampled points; however, Residual Sodium Carbonate levels are greater than 2.5 in most of sampling points, suggesting water which is unsuitable for irrigation use. Currents findings agree with most findings in literature. However, a comprehensive study evaluating groundwater from both shallow and deep aquifers of NKS over wider spatial and temporal scales is recommended because NKS is one of the most intensively irrigated fields in Nigeria.