The benthic macroinvertebrate communities are compared to know their distribution pattern in the headwaters of Asan, Suswa and Tawa streams in Doon valley and to determine environmental variables operational at regional level. Samples... more
The benthic macroinvertebrate communities are compared to know their distribution pattern in the headwaters of Asan, Suswa and Tawa streams in Doon valley and to determine environmental variables operational at regional level. Samples were collected during monsoon, winter and summer between July 2011 to June 2012. Total density of the benthic macroinvertebrate community was high in the winter season in Asan and Suswa compared to monsoon in Tawa. Total density was significantly different among the headwaters. The mayfly prevails over caddisfly during winter and summer in the Asan and during summer and monsoon in the Tawa. The share of Planorbidae and Chironomidae were also present noticeably in the Asan during summer, especially the former that attains notable abundance only in the Asan. Chironomidae was most abundant taxa in the Suswa during winter and summer while Caenidae prevails over it during monsoon. CCA revealed that differences in assemblages were driven by water temperature...
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Background Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen secretes a 50 kDa multi-domain zinc metalloprotease called serratiopeptidase. Broad substrate specificity of serratiopeptidase makes it suitable for detergent and food... more
Background Serratia marcescens, a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen secretes a 50 kDa multi-domain zinc metalloprotease called serratiopeptidase. Broad substrate specificity of serratiopeptidase makes it suitable for detergent and food processing industries The protein shows potent anti-inflammatory, anti-edemic, analgesic, antibiofilm activity and sold as an individual or fixed-dose enteric-coated tablets combined with other drugs. Although controversial, serratiopeptidase as drug is used in the treatment of chronic sinusitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, sprains, torn ligaments, and postoperative inflammation. Since the native producer of serratiopeptidase is a pathogenic microorganism, the current production methods need to be replaced by alternative approaches. Heterologous expression of serratiopeptidase in E. coli was tried before but not found suitable due to the limited yield, and other expression related issues due to its inherent proteolytic activity such as cytotoxicity, cell ...
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Fish fauna of the river Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur consisted of 140 fish species from 9 orders and 25 families; 63 fish species from 6 orders and 12 families in the mountain section (MS), while 122 species from 9 orders and 25 families... more
Fish fauna of the river Ganga from Gangotri to Kanpur consisted of 140 fish species from 9 orders and 25 families; 63 fish species from 6 orders and 12 families in the mountain section (MS), while 122 species from 9 orders and 25 families in the Plains section (PS) of Upper Ganga. Cypriniformes and Cyprinidae were most species rich order and family in both sections. Forty six fish species primarily Cypriniformes and Siluriformes are common to both sections, only 17 in MS and 76 in PS. Orders Tetradontiformes, Osteoglossiformes and Clupeiformes were present in PS only. The taxonomic richness in the MS was low compared to PS. Probably motility and physiological requirements in respect of tolerance for temperature restrict faunal elements.
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Benthic macroinvertebrates play important ecosystem roles in the cycling and outflow of nutrients. The benthos transforms organic detritus from sedimentary storage into dissolved nutrients that can be mixed into overlying waters and used... more
Benthic macroinvertebrates play important ecosystem roles in the cycling and outflow of nutrients. The benthos transforms organic detritus from sedimentary storage into dissolved nutrients that can be mixed into overlying waters and used by rooted plants (macrophytes) and algae (phytoplankton) to enhance primary productivity. This study examined the distribution pattern of benthic macroinvertebrates in a lesser Himalayan foothill stream from the headwaters (2,200m) to mouth (375m). Five stations (S1 to S5) were established along the 43-km course of the stream. Samples were collected at bi-monthly intervals from January to December 2009. The total density of the benthic macroinvertebrate community increased with decreasing altitude and differed significantly among stations. Dominant orders were Diptera at S1 (Simulidae, 27%) & S5 (Chironomidae 24%), Trichoptera at S2 (Limnephilidae 16%) & S3 (Hydropsychidae 9.9%), and Ephemeroptera (Heptageniidae 9.2%) at S4. Principal componen...
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In the past few years the global need for low cost, high performance and good quality materials has caused a shift in research from monolithic to composite materials. In case of MMC’s, aluminum matrix composite due to their high strength... more
In the past few years the global need for low cost, high performance and good quality materials has caused a shift in research from monolithic to composite materials. In case of MMC’s, aluminum matrix composite due to their high strength to weight ratio, low cost and high wear resistance are widely manufactured and used in aerospace and automobile industry. This present study is made to investigate the tribological performance of garnet and graphite reinforced Al7075 alloy hybrid composite and to optimize the results by Taguchi technique. The composites of Al7075 were prepared by double stir casting method with Fix graphite content and varying the Garnet content from 3 to 9 percentage. The wear test was conducted on reciprocating tribometer apparatus with the controlling parameters; percentage reinforcement, applied load, sliding speed, sliding distance and temperature. Finally Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to know the impact of individual factors on the wear of composi...
This paper examines the impact of microfinance on income and employment in general, and on socially disadvantage group (SC and ST) in particular. The study primarily based on the field survey conducted by the authors in two district of... more
This paper examines the impact of microfinance on income and employment in general, and on socially disadvantage group (SC and ST) in particular. The study primarily based on the field survey conducted by the authors in two district of Orissa. Both participants and non-participants are taken into consideration for better understanding of the impact of microfinance. Comparison of member and non-members socio-economic condition is reported and it was found that non-participants are the most vulnerable and are at a disadvantage position than their counterparts. Probit-model is applied to examine the household specific factors explaining participation in the programme. It was found that land holding increases the probability of participation, where as SC or ST status of the household reduce the probability. Ordinary Least Square regression analysis was carried out to determine the determinants of household monthly income, and to find the impact of microfinance on income and employment. ...
ABSTRACT Present study was focused on the Ken river for determination of the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna with respect to substrate variation. The invertebrate samples were collected during December 2003 to March 2004... more
ABSTRACT Present study was focused on the Ken river for determination of the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna with respect to substrate variation. The invertebrate samples were collected during December 2003 to March 2004 at four different stations by lifting of stones and sieving of clay-silt substratum from 0.09 m2 area. The collected samples were preserved in 5 % formalin and identified at family level. The count data was used to determine the density and composition of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna. Total mean density decreased from station S1 to S3 but increased at S4 and differed significantly among the stations. The maximum density was found in the stony substratum (boulder and cobble) as compared to small particle size (pebble, gravel and sand). The fauna was predominated by insects at stations S1 (84 %), S2 (90 %) and S3 (93 %), while reduced at S4 (48 %). Neoephemeridae and Caenidae were abundant taxa in boulder-cobble and cobble-pebble substrate, respectively. Leptophlebiidae, Baetidae and Hydropsychidae were abundant at pebble-gravel substrate and Thiaridae-Chironomidae-Nephthydae were abundant in silt-clay substrate. Principal component analysis also indicated the above observation. Canonical correspondence analysis at each station indicated that substratum (abiotic and biotic) was responsible for the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna in the Ken. Functionally, the collector insects dominate the fauna, at all the four stations because of substratum as well as the continuous source of particulate organic matter in the river.
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Large-scale distributional pattern for the benthic macro-invertebrate fauna was determined in the glacier fed Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan rivers and streams of India at the elevation range of 2000-3000 m asl. In Trans-Himalaya the... more
Large-scale distributional pattern for the benthic macro-invertebrate fauna was determined in the glacier fed Himalayan and Trans-Himalayan rivers and streams of India at the elevation range of 2000-3000 m asl. In Trans-Himalaya the family Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) alone (Chandra and Bhaga) or in combination with Chironomidae (Diptera) in similar proportions (Chenab) or Diptera alone (Miyar) dominated the assemblages. Its influence seems to extend to Rupin drainage in the Himalaya where Chironomidae alone dominated the assemblages. Except for this Himalayan river. Various families of Trichoptera attained highest abundance in other rivers of the Himalaya. Thus, Leptoceridae in combination with Limnephilidae (Alaknanada at Tapovan) and Heptageniidae and Baetidae (Alaknanada at Mana) is the only instance of similarity in abundant taxa by virtue of same river. The Mandakini was partially similar to Alaknanda by virtue of abundant Limnephilidae. The Bhagirathi was characterized by a...
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ABSTRACT Radius of circular patch has an important role in the designing of circular microstrip antenna (CSMA). A new model based on artificial neural network (ANN) is presented for calculating radius of CSMA. The artificial neural... more
ABSTRACT Radius of circular patch has an important role in the designing of circular microstrip antenna (CSMA). A new model based on artificial neural network (ANN) is presented for calculating radius of CSMA. The artificial neural network model is simple and is very useful for computer aided design (CAD) of such types of microstrip antennas and other similar applications. The result calculated by ANN model is in very good agreement with the experimental result and the result reported by other methods available in many literatures.