yousef ahmed

The rodenticidal effect of ethanolic leaves extract of Oshar, Calotrips procera (Ait.) was studied comparatively with zinc phosphide under laboratory and field conditions at (Qaha region) Qaluobia Governorate against the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout). Results showed that zinc phosphide was more toxic than Oshar extract whereas the acute oral LD 50 values were 0.27 and 88.0 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The efficiency test showed that in non-choice and free-choice feeding test a bait containing 1 % either zinc phosphide or Oshar plant extract gave 100 % mortality with short time to death for zinc phosphide treatment. Oshar bait was more palatable to mice than zinc phosphide with 56.2 and 40.6 % bait acceptance, respectively. Under the field condition, zinc phosphide caused 78.4 5 % reduction whereas Oshar plant extract reduced 66.5 % the population of the Norway rat, respectively.

Due to the increase in the emission of greenhouse gases, the hydrologic cycle is being altered on the daily basis. This has affected the variations in relations of intensity, duration, and frequency of rainfall events. Intensity Duration Frequency (IDF) curves describe the relationship between rainfall intensity, rainfall duration and return period. IDF curves are one of the most often applied implements in water resource engineering, in areas such as for operating, planning and designing of water resource projects, or for numerous engineering projects aimed at controlling floods. In particular, IDF curves for precipitation answer problems of improper drainage systems or conditions and extreme characters of precipitation which are the main cause of floods in Nyabugogo catchment. This study aims to establish Rainfall IDF empirical equations, curves and hydrological discharge (predicted peak rate of runoff (Qlogy)) equations for eight Districts that will be used for designing an appro...

AIM: Between cytology of pleural effusion and thorascopy there is a gap for another non invasive biopsy method to diagnose pleural diseases, especially since Adam's and Ramel's blind pleural biopsy is uncommon. Therefore it is suggestive to test feasibility and usefulness of pleural forceps biopsy. METHOD: It is possible to take biopsies under ultrasound guidance with the help of a biopsy-forceps from the diaphragmatic pleura or pleural appositions through a 2.5 mm canula with a stop cock and a rubber vent. The specimen can be used for histological or immunohistochemical examinations. The procedure is coducted in a closed system to avoid pneumothorax. The puncture was done in 12 patients with a puncturable pleural effusion. RESULTS: In 11 of 12 patients it was possible to get the final diagnosis. In one of three cases of mesotheliomas a rebiopsy was necessary. In 9 cases a malign tumor was diagnosed, effusion cytology was negative in 4 of 7 tumors. In 5 patients with a history of a former tumor pleural carcinosis was related three times correctly to the former cancer and twice to a secondary cancer. In one case a fibrous plaque was found. There were two patients with pleuritis, in one case a pulmonary tuberculosis was found 8 weeks later. In one patient with a mesothelioma inoculated metastasis were present in the sites of the punctures. In all pleural forceps punctures we got enough biopsy material for histological and immunohistochemical diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The ultrasound guided forceps biopsy of the pleura is a very promising less invasive method to diagnose pleural tumors. Additional improvements of the equipment are possible. Definitive evaluation of the procedure especially in infectious pleural diseases requires a higher number of cases.

OBJECT Back pain is an increasing concern for the aging population. This study aims to evaluate if minimally invasive surgery presents cost-minimization benefits compared with open surgery in treating adult degenerative scoliosis. METHODS Seventy-one patients with adult degenerative scoliosis received 2-stage, multilevel surgical correction through either a minimally invasive spine surgery (MIS) approach with posterior instrumentation (n = 38) or an open midline (Open) approach (n = 33). Costs were derived from hospital and rehabilitation charges. Length of stay, blood loss, and radiographic outcomes were obtained from electronic medical records. Functional outcomes were measured with Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and visual analog scale (VAS) surveys. RESULTS Patients in both cohorts were similar in age (AgeMIS = 65.68 yrs, AgeOpen = 63.58 yrs, p = 0.28). The mean follow-up was 18.16 months and 21.82 months for the MIS and Open cohorts, respectively (p = 0.34). MIS and Open cohor...

BACKGROUND: Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is an inverse ratio, pressure controlled, intermittent mandatory ventilation.We aimed to report our experience with the use of APRV in management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: Patients with ARDS were mechanically ventilated; then, shifted to either synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, pres-sure control; Group I, or to APRV; Group II. The following parameters were monitored and compared after 1h, 6 h, and 24 h: vital signs, ABGs, and ventilatory parameters [VT, RR, P peak, FiO2, PEEP]. RESULTS: Thirty patients were enrolled. No significant difference between both groups in demographic, baseline clinical and gasometric parameters,and outcome. A significantly higher VT (p<0.01) was found in Group II after 1 h, 6 h, and 24 hours. There were no significant dif-ferences in oxygenation or static compliance between both groups at any time. CONCLUSION: In patients with ARDS, compared with conventi...

We describe an effective surgical technique in primary repair of the spinal dura during minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS).Objective. Minimally invasive spine surgery includes the treatment of intradural lesions, and proper closure of the dura is necessary. However, primary dural closure can be difficult due to the restricted space of MIS retractors and the availability of appropriate surgical instrumentation.Methods. We describe the use of a needle already used in the pediatric neurosurgical arena that can facilitate easier and safer closure of spinal dura through MISS retractors in two illustrative intradural cases.Results and Discussion. The primary dural closure technique is described and patient demographics are included. The instruments specifically used for the intradural closure through MIS retractor systems include (1) 4-0 Surgilon braided nylon (Covidien, Dublin, Ireland) with a CV-20 taper 1/2 circle, 10 mm diameter needle; (2) Scanlan (Saint Paul, MN, USA) dura clos...

Object Various surgical approaches, including open, minimally invasive, and hybrid techniques, have gained momentum in the management of adult spinal deformity. However, few data exist on the radiographic outcomes of different surgical techniques. The objective of this study was to compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of the surgical techniques used in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of two adult spinal deformity patient databases, a prospective open surgery database and a retrospective minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and hybrid surgery database. The time frame of enrollment in this study was from 2007 to 2012. Spinal deformity patients were stratified into 3 surgery groups: MIS, hybrid surgery, and open surgery. The following pre- and postoperative radiographic parameters were assessed: lumbar major Cobb angle, lumbar lordosis, pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI−LL), sagittal vertical axis, and pelvic ...

The efficacy of gum Arabic, as a color preservative and inhibitor of non-enzymatic browning, of dehydrated tomato during storage, was studied and compared with sodium metabisulfite. Tomato homogenates were treated with 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10.0% Gum Arabic and 1.0% sodium metabisulfite, respectively, dehydrated, and color changes were monitored during four months of storage. Water activity decreased significantly (P≤0.05)