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Received 7 November 2012; accepted 11 March 2013Mediante la tecnica de roc´ ´io pirol´itico ultras ´onico, se depositaron pel ´iculas de oxido de hafnio activadas´ opticamente con terbio y europio´trivalentes. El material depositado... more
Received 7 November 2012; accepted 11 March 2013Mediante la tecnica de roc´ ´io pirol´itico ultras ´onico, se depositaron pel ´iculas de oxido de hafnio activadas´ opticamente con terbio y europio´trivalentes. El material depositado muestra caracter´isticas amorfas cuando se deposita a temperaturas de substrato menores de 350
puede variar de 6 ms a 1 segundo controlado manualmente. Este pulso se envía a través de un optoacoplador 4N33 y un transistor lo cual asegura que no haya interferencias con otros equipos al momento de accionarlo, técnicas fototérmicas... more
puede variar de 6 ms a 1 segundo controlado manualmente. Este pulso se envía a través de un optoacoplador 4N33 y un transistor lo cual asegura que no haya interferencias con otros equipos al momento de accionarlo, técnicas fototérmicas (en particular en el caso de la lente térmica). Con este desarrollo se demuestra que es posible construir controladores de obturadores sin recurrir a tecnologías costosas y complejas, substituyéndolas por tecnología propia con componentes de fácil adquisición en el mercado nacional y de bajo costo. Palabras clave: Efecto térmico;Ttécnicas fototérmicas; Líquidos; Instrumentación electrónica We designed and constructed an electronic circuit, in order to control a shutter, that shootes with a voltage pulse of 5.5.V. With this circuit the shutter time interval of opening can be controlled from 6ms to 1 second. This pulse is sent through an opto acoplador 4N33 and a transistor which assures that there are not interference with other equipment at the time o...
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Tesis (Doctorado en Tecnologia Avanzada). Ciudad de Mexico, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, PTA, CICATA, Unidad Legaria. 2016. 1 archivo PDF, (96 paginas). tesis.ipn.mx
Resumen En este proyecto se propone llevar a cabo la sintesis de peliculas de oxido de hafnio mediante el metodo de rocio pirolitico ultrasonico. Estas peliculas se utilizaran como material huesped, el cual se impurificara con elementos... more
Resumen En este proyecto se propone llevar a cabo la sintesis de peliculas de oxido de hafnio mediante el metodo de rocio pirolitico ultrasonico. Estas peliculas se utilizaran como material huesped, el cual se impurificara con elementos de tierras raras, utilizados como activadores luminiscentes. Como elementos precursores se utilizaran oxicloruros de hafnio asi como de algunas tierras raras. Los depositos se llevaran a cabo a diferentes temperaturas, con diferentes concentraciones del dopante y a diferentes molaridades del oxido de hafnio, con el proposito de obtener un material con buenas propiedades
Se sintetizaron polvos de Oxido de Hafnio impurificado con Erbio, mediante el metodo hidrotermal. Como elementos precursores se utilizo tetracloruro de Hafnio, para el material huesped y tricloruro de Erbio como activador luminiscente. El... more
Se sintetizaron polvos de Oxido de Hafnio impurificado con Erbio, mediante el metodo hidrotermal. Como elementos precursores se utilizo tetracloruro de Hafnio, para el material huesped y tricloruro de Erbio como activador luminiscente. El polvo obtenido fue sometido a un tratamiento termico, a diferentes temperaturas, observandose una emision de color verde claro en la muestra tratada termicamente a 800oC, cuando fue irradiado con luz ultravioleta. Este resultado esta de acuerdo con valores reportados para la emision del Erbio en otras matrices[1].
Green extract from Jalapeño Chili (Capsicum Annuum var Annuum), was used as a reducing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The overall reduction was followed by UV-vis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy... more
Green extract from Jalapeño Chili (Capsicum Annuum var Annuum), was used as a reducing agent in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The overall reduction was followed by UV-vis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirming the formation and growth of AgNPs by the increase in the band intensity of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) characteristic in silver nanoparticles around 460 nm. The characteristic in-frared band of the amine at 3295 cm −1 decreased as the reaction progressed and the spectra showed slight changes indicating the consumption of the initial components of the extract as the reaction proceed. Photocurable acrylic resin and AgNPs were prepared in different concentrations to measure their thermal properties by means of photothermal techniques. Complementary analyzes for the determination of shape, size, crystal structure and composition of the AgNPs such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy were done. This is the initial step of a research conducted to study the physical and thermal properties of nanocomposites to improve their performance for possible applications in prosthetic parts, 3D printing and tissue engineering for scaffolds.
Diseñamos y construimos un circuito electrónico, para controlar un obturador, que se dispara con una espiga de voltaje, generada por un pulsador, del cual obtenemos un pulso de salida de 5.5V. Con este circuito el intervalo de tiempo de... more
Diseñamos y construimos un circuito electrónico, para controlar un obturador, que se dispara con una espiga de voltaje, generada por un pulsador, del cual obtenemos un pulso de salida de 5.5V. Con este circuito el intervalo de tiempo de abertura del obturador puede variar de 6 ms a 1 segundo controlado manualmente. Este pulso se envía a través de un optoacoplador 4N33 y un transistor lo cual asegura que no haya interferencias con otros equipos al momento de accionarlo, y su consumo mínimo es de 20 mA. Este pulso generado acciona el obturador mecánico en el cual incide un haz láser. El pulso de láser generado por la abertura del obturador será usado para producir gradientes térmicos en líquidos. La generación de gradientes térmicos son de gran interés en diferentes técnicas fototérmicas (en particular en el caso de la lente térmica). Con este desarrollo se demuestra que es posible construir controladores de obturadores sin recurrir a tecnologías costosas y complejas, substituyéndolas por tecnología propia con componentes de fácil adquisición en el mercado nacional y de bajo costo. Palabras clave: Efecto térmico;Ttécnicas fototérmicas; Líquidos; Instrumentación electrónica We designed and constructed an electronic circuit, in order to control a shutter, that shootes with a voltage pulse of 5.5.V. With this circuit the shutter time interval of opening can be controlled from 6ms to 1 second. This pulse is sent through an opto acoplador 4N33 and a transistor which assures that there are not interference with other equipment at the time of activate it, and its minimum consumption is 20 mA. This generated pulse drives a mechanical shutter in which a laser beam incides. The laser pulse generated by the opening of the shutter will be used to produce a thermal gradient in liquids. The generation of thermal gradients is of great interest in different photothermal techniques (in particular for the case of thermal lens.) With this development it is demonstrated that is possible to construct a shutter driver without resorting to expensive and complex technologies, replacing them by own technology and components of easy acquisition in national marked and low cost. 1. Introducción La generación y utilización de pulsos de luz largos ó cortos constituye un campo muy importante en las técnicas fototérmicas [1]. Hoy en día existe un gran numero de dispositivos para la obtención de pulsos luz entre ellos, shutter (obturador), chopper (modulador) y Q-Switching (obturador) etc., que producen pulsos luminosos del orden de milisegundos y hoy en día con sistemas más complejos llegan al orden de 100 fs (femtosegundos) [2,3]. Debido a la falta de componentes para recuperar un shutter comercial se construyo un circuito alternativo para controlar su abertura de 6 ms a 1 segundo. El circuito crea pulsos cortos mediante un obturador electromecánico de la marca Oriel modelo 76993. La generación del pulso de luz, en nuestro caso un láser de Ar + , por medio del obturador incide sobre una muestra liquida en la que genera un gradiente térmico, lo cual forma una lente térmica. A través de un láser de prueba de He-Ne incidiendo en esta región es posible detectar la variación de su intensidad por medio de un fotodetector, este voltaje como señal es registrado a través de un osciloscopio y después llevado a una computadora donde se registran y se procesan los datos [4,5], vea Fig. 1 del montaje experimental de la lente térmica. En este trabajo presentamos el diseño y la construcción de un circuito para controlar un shutter, y así obtener pulsos cortos de iluminación a muy bajo costo. El minicircuito construido nos permite generar pulsos en el intervalo de tiempo de 6 ms a 1 s permitiendo la elección de la duración del pulso dentro de este rango de tiempo. Presentaremos una descripción del diseño de circuitos electrónicos, para el controlador del shutter así como para la detección de la señal óptica. Finalmente se muestra la señal del pulso obtenido mediante el obturador y su aplicación a la lente térmica. 2.-Diseño del circuito electrónico para un obturador En las Figs.1 y 2 mostramos el esquema experimental típico para la técnica de la lente térmica y el circuito electrónico alternativo en detalle para el control del shutter,
New nanofluids containing Ag nanowires with different concentrations were prepared by chemical reduction method. The metallic nanowires were monodispersed and soluble in distilled water. Thermal properties of na-nofluids containing Ag... more
New nanofluids containing Ag nanowires with different concentrations were prepared by chemical reduction method. The metallic nanowires were monodispersed and soluble in distilled water. Thermal properties of na-nofluids containing Ag nanowires were obtained using photothermal techniques. The thermal-wave resonator cavity (TWRC) technique was used to obtain the samples' thermal diffusivity. Open Photoacoustic Cell (OPC) technique was used to obtain the thermal effusivity of Ag nanowires. The thermal diffusivity and effusivity were obtained by fitting the theoretical expressions for each configuration as a function of the sample thickness and frequency to the experimental data. The thermal properties of the nanofluids seems to be strongly dependent of Ag nanowire concentration. It was observed an increase of thermal parameters when concentration of nanowires increased. Thermal conductivity behavior of the nanofluids is explained. UV-vis spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the nanofluids.
In this paper, colloidal suspension of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) were synthesized using the novel microwave assisted hydrothermal method. Different concentrations in distiller water is reported. Nonlinear optical properties of... more
In this paper, colloidal suspension of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONPs) were synthesized using the novel microwave assisted hydrothermal method. Different concentrations in distiller water is reported. Nonlinear optical properties of the samples were measured by the z-scan technique. For the experimental, a diode laser was used as an excitation source, the excitation beam was focused to a small spot by using a lens. Then, the sample was moved across the focal region along the z-axis. It was shown that the concentration of GONPs can greatly improve the nonlinear optical properties of the sample. The morphology and structure of GONPs, were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. From the experimental results, the optical nonlinear refractive indices of GONPs were obtained, ranging from −2.53 × 10 −9 cm 2 /W to −2.57 × 10 −9 cm 2 /W. This suggests that GONPs aqueous solution, could be a very promising nonlinear medium, establishing the bases of nonlinear photonics.
In this work, thermal characterization of centrifuged aromatic citrus oils was studied using thermal lens (TL) and open photoacoustic cell (OPC). The thermal diffusivity (D) was obtained by TL, fitting the critical time parameter of the... more
In this work, thermal characterization of centrifuged aromatic citrus oils was studied using thermal lens (TL) and open photoacoustic cell (OPC). The thermal diffusivity (D) was obtained by TL, fitting the critical time parameter of the experimental curves to the theoretical values. An experimental arrangement of non-matched mode lasers with a probe and an excitation lasers was used. On the other hand, the thermal effusivity (e) of the samples was obtained by using OPC. The thermal conductivity (k) was calculated from the relationship between D and e. The thermal parameters obtained were compared with theoretical values in the literature. UV–vis spectroscopy, Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were used to determine the absorption coefficients and chemical structure of the citrus oils. The importance of this research work was the determination of the thermal parameters of essential oils as an alternative technique for quality control application.
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ABSTRACT
Time resolved thermal lens (TL) spectrometry is applied to the study of the thermal diffusivity of edible oils such as olive, and refined and thermally treated avocado oils. A two laser mismatched-mode experimental configuration was used,... more
Time resolved thermal lens (TL) spectrometry is applied to the study of the thermal diffusivity of edible oils such as olive, and refined and thermally treated avocado oils. A two laser mismatched-mode experimental configuration was used, with a He–Ne laser as a probe beam and an Ar+ laser as the excitation one. The characteristic time constant of the transient thermal lens was obtained by fitting the experimental data to the theoretical expression for a transient thermal lens. The results showed that virgin olive oil has a higher thermal diffusivity than for refined and thermally treated avocado oils. This measured thermal property may contribute to a better understanding of the quality of edible oils, which is very important in the food industry. The thermal diffusivity results for virgin olive oil, obtained from this technique, agree with those reported in the literature.
Thermal diffusivity measurements are carried out in nanofluids, solutions containing gold nanoparticles (~ 10–40 nm size), using the mode-mismatched dual-beam thermal lens technique. An Ar+ laser is used as the heating source, and an... more
Thermal diffusivity measurements are carried out in nanofluids, solutions containing gold nanoparticles (~ 10–40 nm size), using the mode-mismatched dual-beam thermal lens technique. An Ar+ laser is used as the heating source, and an intensity stabilized He–Ne laser serves as the probe beam. This technique provides a reliable photothermal alternative for measuring thermal diffusivities of nanofluids and semitransparent samples. The characteristic time constant of the transient thermal lens was obtained by fitting the experimental data to the theoretical expression for the transient thermal lens. From this characteristic time, the fluid thermal diffusivity, which increases when the particle sizes increase was obtained. The size of the nanoparticles was obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.
Time resolved thermal lens (TL) spectrometry is applied to the study of the thermal diffusivity of edible oils such as olive, and refined and thermally treated avocado oils. A two laser mismatched-mode experimental configuration was used,... more
Time resolved thermal lens (TL) spectrometry is applied to the study of the thermal diffusivity of edible oils such as olive, and refined and thermally treated avocado oils. A two laser mismatched-mode experimental configuration was used, with a He Ne laser as a probe beam and an Ar+ laser as the excitation one. The characteristic time constant of the transient thermal lens was obtained by fitting the experimental data to the theoretical expression for a transient thermal lens. The results showed that virgin olive oil has a higher thermal diffusivity than for refined and thermally treated avocado oils. This measured thermal property may contribute to a better understanding of the quality of edible oils, which is very important in the food industry. The thermal diffusivity results for virgin olive oil, obtained from this technique, agree with those reported in the literature.