Resins

This study was carried out to investigate the treatability of ion exchange resin (Indion MB 6 SR) for the removal of chromium (VI), aluminium (III), zinc (II), copper (II), iron (II), and phosphate (PO 4) 3-, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH 3-N) and colour from semi-aerobic stabilized leachate by batch test. A range of ion exchange resin dosage was tested towards the removal efficiency of leachate parameters. It was observed that equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model for metal ions and Freundlich was ideally fit for COD, NH 3-N and colour. Intra particle diffusion model, pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order iso-therm models were found ideally fit with correlation of the experimental data. The findings revealed that the models could describe the ion exchange kinetic behaviour efficiently , which further suggests comprehensive outlook for the future research in this field.

A calculating technique has been developed for formulating alkyd resins composed, in general, of two monoacids (fatty acid and aromatic monoacid as the chain stopper), two diacids (diacid and diacid anhydride) and a blend of diol, triol and tetraol. The technique provides an explicit connection between the alkyd resin composition and the relevant parameters of the alkyd resin such as number average molecular weight, fatty acid content (or oil length) and hydroxyl number. For a fixed fatty acid content, the range of possible molecular weights for a given hydroxyl number can be determined and vice versa. A simple computer program can easily be devised using the derived equations, thus allowing rapid calculations. The equations are also suitable for combination with those based  on the work of  Flory, Stockmayer, Jonason, Gordon  and Miller, and Macosko, from  which a prediction  of  the  chance  for gelation  can  be made.

Resinated wine and resinated drinks in Prehistoric Aegean:
data, hypotheses, and interpretations

Pines and trees or shrubs of the Pistacia genus are the main sources of natural resins in the Aegean and Mediterranean world. The uses of resins in Aegean prehistory are known through archaeometric research that it started in the mid-80s when approximately 150 Canaanite jars were recovered from the shipwreck of Antifellos, mostly known as the Ulu Burun shipwreck, off the NW coast of Asia Minor, most of which contained traces of resins and mainly resinated wine as proposed recently. An exhibition held at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens (1999) entitled ‘Minoans and Mycenaeans: Flavours of Their Time’ promoted significantly the archaeometric research towards prehistoric diet in the Aegean world. One of the topics earned from these projects is the strong evidence that resinated wine was consumed in Aegean from the Early Bronze Age to the end of the Late Bronze Age. Resins from pines and trees of the Pistacia genus were mixed with wine throughout the Aegean Bronze Age, a practice that was associated with wine storage, as well as taste. Resin acted as a preservative substance in wine, a strong shield against bacteria that could turn it to vinegar. Additionally, the resin’s strong scent reduced the acidic taste and smell, so common in prehistoric wines.
Based on current data two types of resinated wine were consumed in the prehistoric Aegean: ‘the classic Minoan and Mycenaean retsina’ produced by resin filled in wine and the ‘retsina cocktails’, alcoholic drinks made from retsina and various herbs, honey, barley beer and other additives. In Aegean communities resinated wine and resinated cocktails were consumed during communal feasts, in ritual context, in cemeteries and in everyday life as archaeometric and archaeological data testified. The consumption of resinated wine helped to strengthen social cohesion, the light inebriation contributed to soften social stress and antagonism, the negotiation of various social roles was simpler during a communal feast where the community consumed wine and other wine cocktails. Still, the resinated wine should have been one of the drinks offered in the context of hosting members of other communities. The offer of exquisite and unique retsina and resinated cocktails flavoured with herbs and other additives could be part of the formal ceremonial reception and hospitality of high status guests in the Minoan and Mycenaean palaces and mansions. In such an environment, wine became a tool for manipulating political and social relations and influences, shaping inter- and intra- hierarchical structures. Also, resinous drinks may have been used in medicine, as we know from archaeological and ethnographic sources that the therapeutic properties of resins (stimulating, aphrodisiac, antiseptic, suitable for dental care, stomach etc.) treatments have been used in various eras and cultures.
Regarding the trade of resinated wine/cocktails and raw resins from Aegean to Eastern Mediterranean sites (emporia) and vice versa we can assume that ‘Aegean retsina’ was transported mainly in stirrup jars to Cyprus, Egypt, Asia Minor and Syro-Palestinian coasts.  In the same context, Canaanite amphoras filled with resinated wine and other resinated beverages and raw resin were transported to Crete and Mainland Greece. Within this environment the exchange of ideas and recipes for the preparation of resinated wine and resinated beverages has to be considered more than likely. The production, consumption and distribution of resinated cocktails with exquisite and unique ingredients and ‘exotic’ flavours, as well as the imitation of foreign habits, were part of wealth management strategies that developed by leadership groups to impose and legitimize their power. In other words, resinous wine should have been one of the tools by which wealth was transformed into power. Simultaneously, the trading of retsina and resinated cocktails in the 2nd millennium BC was an 'international' case, in the sense that it involved a wide network of wine production centers, the supply of additional ingredients such as resins and various herbs (domestic and foreign) and the production of vessels for storing and transporting it, many ports and people who spoke different languages, believed in other gods, had different attitudes, served other masters; finally, what was associated with them was wine with or without resin.

There is an expansive usage of adhesives in all branches of dentistry. Newer adhesives can be more beneficial to the
patients. This review attempts to highlight the important features of adhesive cements in general and emphasize the
applications of Rely‑X Unicem cement.

In this paper, experimental procedures to identify and characterize the heavy organic fractions of crude oils are presented. The heavy organics considered in this study include asphaltenes, resins, and paraffin/wax including diamondoid hydrocarbons. A combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), chromatographic (LC-SARA) separations, and a number of titration techniques developed at UICffRL are utilized to identify each heavy organic and quantify their concentrations. Results for unclassified crude oils used in these studies are reported and discussed in this paper. These results have provided an understanding of the overall behavior of the species which precipitate as well as of the interactions among them.

Liver metastases cause the majority of deaths from colorectal cancer, and response to chemotherapy and external radiotherapy is poor. An alternative is internal radionuclide therapy using 90 Y labeled microspheres. These microspheres are very stable and have a proven efficacy in the field of treatment of primary or metastatic hepatic cancer. Whilst these glass spheres showed encouraging results in patients, their high density is a serious drawback. Currently, other materials with lower densities and other radioisotopes are being investigated in order to optimize this promising new therapy. Three major radiolabeled microsphere materials, viz. glass, resin-based and polymer-based, are now available for therapy or are being tested in animals. In this review the preparation, stability and degradation of these spheres are discussed.

A calculating technique has been developed for formulating alkyd resins composed, in general, of two monoacids (fatty acid and aromatic monoacid as the chain stopper), two diacids (diacid and diacid anhydride) and a blend of diol, triol and tetraol. The technique provides an explicit connection between the alkyd resin composition and the relevant parameters of the alkyd resin such as number average molecular weight, fatty acid content (or oil length) and hydroxyl number. For a fixed fatty acid content, the range of possible molecular weights for a given hydroxyl number can be determined and vice versa. A simple computer program can easily be devised using the derived equations, thus allowing rapid calculations. The equations are also suitable for combination with those based on the work of Flory, Stockmayer, Jonason, Gordon and Miller, and Macosko, from which a prediction of the chance for gelation can be made.

Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) sawdust was used to produce liquefied wood by the polyhydric method with acid catalysis. The process was optimized to produce the highest amount of liquefied wood. Wood liquefied at 160ºC for 90 min was used in the adhesion tests. The bond strength of veneer glued with urea-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins and several mixtures of liquefied wood with urea-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde wasevaluated by automated bonding evaluation system.

With the increase in liquefied wood content the bond strength decreased. Nevertheless for 20% liquefied wood the reduction of internal bond strength is relatively small and still within the minimum standards required. When 70% of liquefied wood is employed there is a significant decrease in bond strength.

In conclusion it is possible to use a small amount of maritime pine sawdust liquefied wood as a partial substitute of urea-formaldehyde and melamine-urea-formaldehyde resins in the particleboard production, thus decreasing the formaldehyde content.

Como parte del estudio de los objetos arqueológicos del sitio arqueológico de El Caño (provincia de Coclé, Panamá), hemos creado una colección de referencia de elementos de la vegetación local que son particularmente prolíficos en exudados (resinas y gomas). Estas muestras fueron analizadas por cromatografía de gases en combinación con espectrometría de masas (GC-MS, después de disolución e inyección), y también por la introducción de muestras sólidas seguida de pirólisis analítica (Py-GC-MS y THM-GC-MS). De las 11 muestras de la colección referencia podría ser sencillo distinguir a diferentes niveles de información molecular: i) materiales resinosos vs. gomas, ii) distribución de terpenos (monoterpenos, sesquiterpenos, diterpenos, triterpenos) para resinas o contribuciones de proteínas/taninos/polisacáridos/látex para las gomas; y iii) biomarcadores específicos (estructuras biomoleculares que todavía no han sido identificadas). En el trabajo también se presentan algunos de los resu...

Fossil records of vertebrate integuments are relatively common in both rocks, as compressions, and amber, as inclusions. The integument remains, mainly the Mesozoic ones, are of great interest due to the panoply of palaeobiological information they can provide. We describe two Spanish Cretaceous amber pieces that are of taphonomic importance, one bearing avian dinosaur feather remains and the other, mammalian hair. The preserved feather remains originated from an avian dinosaur resting in contact with a stalactite-shaped resin emission for the time it took for the fresh resin to harden. The second piece shows three hair strands recorded on a surface of desiccation, with the characteristic scale pattern exceptionally well preserved and the strands aligned together, which can be considered the record of a tuft. These assemblages were recorded through a rare biostratinomic process we call “pull off vestiture” that is different from the typical resin entrapment and embedding of organism...

That ancient Egyptian painters used varnishes in the creation of tomb decorations has been known for a long time. The general assumption is that they were used as fixatives or to improve colour and brilliance. But they may also have served a more surprising end – to impart an olfactory dimension to the scenes painted.

Kondisi: Baru
Berat: 25 Kilogram
Kategori: Filter Keran Air
Etalase: Water Treatment
LewatitMonoPlus M 500 is a strongly basic, gelular anion exchange resin with beads of uniform size (monodisperse) based on a styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer. The monodisperse beads are chemically and osmotically highly stable. The optimized kinetics lead to an increased operating capacity compared to ion exchange resins with heterodisperse bead size distribution.
Business Unit
ION
Properties and benefits
Lewatit MonoPlus M 500 is especially applicable for:
emineralization of water for industrial steam generation, e.g. Lewatit WS System, Lewatit Liftbed System or Lewatit Rinsebed System Liftbed System or Lewatit Rinsebed System
polishing by a Lewatit Multistep System in combination with Lewatit MonoPlus S 100
Lewatit MonoPlus M 500 is adding special features to the resin bed:
high exchange flow rates during regeneration and loading
good utilization of the total capacity
low rinse water demand
homogenous throughput of regenerants, water and solutions; therefore an homogeneous working zone
nearly linear pressure drop gradient for the whole bed depth; therefore an operation with higher bed depth possible
Synonyms
Ion Exchange Resin

Tersedia Di: https://tokopedia.link/l5HnPDKfEob
Alamat: Pt.BeoneCakraIndonesia,: Jl.Nirwana Blok K no. 07, Cikaret, Cibinong, Bogor Jawa Barat

That ancient Egyptian painters used varnishes in the creation of tomb decorations has been known for a long time. The general assumption is that they were used as fixatives or to improve colour and brilliance. But they may also have served a more surprising end – to impart an olfactory dimension to the scenes painted.

The early fossilization steps of natural resins and associated terminology are a subject of constant debate. Copal and resin are archives of palaeontological and historical information, and their study is critical to the discovery of new and/or recently extinct species and to trace changes in forests during the Holocene. For such studies, a clear, suitable definition for copal is vital and is herein established. We propose an age range for copal (2.58 Ma-1760 AD), including Pleistocene and Holocene copals, and the novel term "Defaunation resin", defined as resin produced after the commencement of the Industrial Revolution. Defaunation resin is differentiated from Holocene copal as it was produced during a period of intense human transformative activities. Additionally, the "Latest Amber Bioinclusions Gap" (LABG) since the late Miocene to the end of the Pleistocene is hereby newly defined, and is characterized by its virtual absence of bioinclusions and the consequent lack of palaeontological information, which in part explains the historical differentiation between amber and copal. Crucial time intervals in the study of resin production, and of the biodiversity that could be contained, are now clarified, providing a framework for and focusing future research on bioinclusions preserved in copal and resin. Amber and copal originate from plant resins (both gymnosperms and angiosperms), which are progressively hardened through polymerization of their non-volatile compounds. Amber is well defined as a resin that has existed for millions of years 1 and that can preserve microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, largely since the Cretaceous period to the Neogene. Even more ancient ambers, frequently preserved in small quantities or even as traces, going back to the Late Triassic are known to have ensnared minute arthropods 2. Traces of Palaeozoic amber are not known to contain inclusions. Due to their exceptional preservation potential, polym-erized natural resins have been studied for centuries. Amber research provides data on the evolutionary history of organisms and their behaviour, that are otherwise rarely preserved in the fossil record, and on the ecology of forest ecosystems millions of years old (e.g. 3). Conversely, the study of bioinclusions in copal and resin is especially relevant for understanding modern biodiversity, particularly in relation to Recent biogeographic or climatic changes as well as documenting recently extinct species or those that remain to be discovered 4-8. Polymerized natural resins, such as amber and copal, can also be used as indirect proxies of atmospheric composition and climatic changes through time 9,10. Comparatively, the term copal is controversial as it has been used in varied contexts with different cir-cumscriptions in different research fields; for example palaeontology, biology, geology, geochemistry, or archaeology 11-15. This is owing to the fact that the term copal has been used without considering any typology of the resins based on their different states of polymerization or on their established ages. Copal and amber can be differentiated by FTIR analysis by observing precise exocyclic methylene bands 16. In such analysis the intensity of the absorbance at 1600-1800 cm −1 and 1300-1500 cm −1 is related and conditioned by the oxidation history of the samples, which allows us to discriminate modern (less oxidized) resin samples from those that OPEN

Stingless bees use extrafloral resources such as resins for nest construction, defense systems and chemical communication. We conducted the first study of the resin-collecting process from Croton yucatanensis Lundell shrubs by three stingless bee species in the tropical deciduous forest of the Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica. We performed systematic observations on 10 C. yucatanensis shrubs for 10-min periods between 8:20 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. for three days, and for 90 min we focused on behavior and interaction among bees on three shrubs. Trigona corvina Cockerell was the most frequent visitor. These bees made cuts on shrub stems and leaves to collect resin and transport it in their corbiculae. Others visitor species were Trigona fulviventris Guérin and Plebeia frontalis Friese, which tried to approach the resin remains left by T. corvina. While monopolizing the resource, T. corvina behaved aggressively if approached by T. fulviventris. Towards the last hour of sampling, T. fulviventris visits increased notably, which may indicate a decrease in the dominance or aggressiveness of T. corvina at that time. This tendency seems to be the beginning of temporal resource partitioning behavior commonly observed in bee communities. We provide novel observations on the ways in which stingless bees collect resin and the interactions that occur among them. We also propose and discuss working hypotheses to explain the fact that all the individuals observed almost exclusively visited a single C. yucatanensis specimen.