Mongi Sghaier

Sustainable development is regarded today as a goal which has to be reached by all countries. Therefore cooperation for development is more than ever necessary to face the global challenges such as poverty, human health, food crisis etc. This work aims to study the regional disparity that may exist between provinces in the south of tunisia. To this end, a data analysis applied to a set of regional development indicators using the principal components analysis method (ACP) was conducted.

This paper presents the way that multiple analytical and empirical methods are used to calculate a composite indicator for an ex-ante impacts assessment of climate change on sustainable development in the context of arid zones in Tunisia. To quantify the composite indicator, a static Computable General Equilibrium model (CGE) was adapted to the regional context. The Regional Social Matrix building (RSAM) building procedure was based on a set of techniques and approaches of regionalization. The national supply and use matrix has served as a starting point. A bottom-up approach has been used to build a regional supply and use matrix for the agricultural sector that take into account natural resources (land and water) as intermediate inputs. The regional SAM includes ten (10) production factors, eighteen (18) production sectors producing twenty two (22) goods and services, two (2) households, one representative enterprise, two (2) public sectors (Government and regional administration)...

EnglishSustainable development strategies are regarded today as a tool to improve the living conditions and alleviate poverty of population, above all in rural areas. The aim of this work is to focus on the current state of sustainable development in Tunisia with a view to achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To this end we shall analyze preliminarily some spatial data applied to a set of development indicators by means of the principal components analysis method (PCA) to highlight regional disparities at the governorate level and above all disparities between Tunisian coastal and inland regions. francaisA l�heure actuelle, les strategies de developpement durable apparaissent comme un moyen utile pour ameliorer les conditions de vie des populations et lutter contre la pauvrete, surtout en milieu rural. Dans le present travail, nous allons parcourir la situation du developpement durable en Tunisie a la lumiere des acquis enregistres dans le pays et ce, en vue de la real...

For integrated assessment at farm level, the Farm System SIMulator model (FSSIM) was used. FSSIM is a bio-economic model developed for the European context, and was adapted and tested for Tunisian conditions to assess, ex-ante, impacts of water pricing policies at the farm level to the year 2015. The results show that all farm types are strongly dependent on the water pricing policy. Farmers that have private irrigation systems and pay for pumping mainly, are more sensitive to the progressive increase of irrigation water costs compared to farms that obtain water from public irrigation systems, who pay for the amount of water received. A sensitivity analysis showed that increasing the water price with more than 17% is not advisable to local decision makers, because the net income continued to decline, while the water consumption remained stable with further increases. Hence, there is no further gain in terms of water saving. Overall, intensive agricultural systems with private irriga...

Tunisia is a small North-African country with a dry Mediterranean climate. It is among the poorest countries in terms of water availability (450 m3/capita/year). With 516,000 farms, the agricultural sector occupies 65% of the country’s land, contributes with 12.6% to the GDP, and employs 15% of the labor force. The agricultural production represents 9% of the total export earnings. Besides cereals (wheat and barley), Tunisian farmers grow olives, dates, and fresh fruits for both export and domestic consumption. Meat and vegetables are also important consumption commodities. The main agricultural exports are olive oil, dates and citrus. The EU is the principal trading partner for Tunisia. Agricultural products, mainly cereals, represent 8% of total imports and agricultural trade balance is negative (about 40% deficit). Most of climate change projection models foresee a significant decrease (10–35%) in rainfall and an increase (1.9–2.9 °C) in temperature during this century. It is exp...

The Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) assumes that all capitals are complementary and that more capital assets would lead to greater adaptive capacity. However, the SLA neglects the interactions and transformations between different livelihood capitals. This paper suggests a methodological approach to understand how different capitals may be structured, transformed, and used to improve the farm households’ adaptive capacity to climatic stresses. Data for this study were gathered by means of a questionnaire survey during 2018 from 100 farm households representing the main farming systems of Medenine governorate, Southeast of Tunisia. The analyses were carried out using three tools following a stepwise approach. First, to understand the interactions that exist between the different capitals, a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out. Then, the adaptive capacity was calculated using the PCA results. Finally, using the Pearson's correlation index, the impact of liveli...

Résumé Le village de Chenini dispose d’un potentiel patrimonial d’une richesse exceptionnelle. Aujourd’hui, plusieurs menaces inquiétantes ont été identifiées dans le village risquent d’endommager la valeur culturelle et le développement local durable. Le présent travail a pour objectif de mettre en exergue l’importance du patrimoine local existant et d'analyser l’implication des acteurs dans le processus de sa conservation et de sa valorisation. L’approche méthodologique repose sur l’analyse de jeux d’acteurs et la performance du tissu institutionnel local. La méthode d'analyse repose sur l’application de la méthode MACTOR (Méthode Acteurs, Objectifs, Rapports de force). Les analyses ont permis de mettre en évidence les convergences et les divergences des acteurs vis-à-vis des objectifs associés à la conservation et la valorisation du patrimoine dans le village de Chenini. Mots-clés : Patrimoine, conservation, valorisation, menaces, jeux d’acteurs.

This paper aims at assessing the impact of water pricing policy on the sustain ability of irrigated farming systems and the preservation of water and soil re sources in Tunisia. The bio-economic modelling approach coupling the biophys ical model CropSyst (Cropping System Model) and the economic farm model F SSIM (Farming System Simulator) has been mobilized for this impact analysis. This approach was applied to four farm types representing irrigated agriculture systems in the Oum Zessar watershed located in the south-east of Tunisia. The main results from this research show: the strong dependence of different agricul tural systems on the pricing water policy; the high sensitivity of farms in the pri vate irrigated schemes to the progressive increase of irrigation water cost com pared to those in the public scheme, which are able to reduce the impact of water cost increase thanks to their good adaptation capacity. The agricultural systems of groundwater wells seem more fragile and un...

1 Chercheur à l’Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine 4119 Tunisie. Laboratoire d’Économie et Sociétés Rurales. Mail : hatem.khatteli@gmail.com. 2 Directeur de Recherche et chef de laboratoire d’économie et sociétés rurales à l’Institut des Régions Arides Médenine4119 Tunisie. Mail : sghaier.mon@gmail.com. 3 Directeur de Recherche à l’IRD, membre du CEPED.2 rue Joseph Wetzell Parc technologique universitaire 97495 Sainte Clotilde Cedex. Mail : frederic.sandron@ird.fr

Sustainabledevelopmentisregardedtodayasagoalwhichhastobereached byallcountries.Thereforecooperationfordevelopmentismorethanevernec essarytofacetheglobalchallengessuchaspoverty,humanhealth,foodcrisis etc.CooperationisallthemorecrucialastheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals (MDGs),adoptedin2000,aregainingconsensusattheinternationallevel.To achieve this objective all countries have to commit themselves to creating a favourable and dynamic international economic environment. However the currentfinancialandeconomiccrisisisposingmanyconstraintsanddifficultiestotheachievementoftheMDGsbytheyear2015. The aim of this work is to analyse the concept of financial crisis by illustratingthecausesandtheconsequencesofthecurrentcrisisanditseffectsonthe globaleconomywithspecialreferencetothesituationinTunisia.

The oases of Northern Africa, rich and complex but also fragile, have lasted for centuries and thus demonstrated their longevity. Today, how can we position their future in a context of significant environmental and social change? In order to address the notions of viability and coviability, it is necessary to verify the study’s systemic context. The hypothesis that an oasis system exists has thereby been tested and the analytical inferences discussed. It uses the systemic approach and relies on reasoning by compartmentalization which is useful in the case of complex systems. Through a dual compartment/system vision, it is possible to address the trajectory of the North African oases, presented here as territorial compartments, to discuss their systemic coherence and thus question their future. This work illustrates a generic approach in order to understand the society-environment relationship. It provides the suitable systemic level for governance targeting systemic viability and coviability.

Climate change is adversely affecting communities of the developing countries because their livelihoods rely mainly on climate-dependent activities. In Tunisia, farm households are facing several climate-driven risks including drought, which ends up with a decrease in their farm productivity and therefore threatens their livelihood subsistence. However, there is a knowledge gap on how household livelihoods are vulnerable and how this vulnerability varies among them. The main purpose of the paper was to assess the households’ livelihood vulnerability to climate change in Medenine province of South-East Tunisia using the Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI). Data were gathered using a monitoring system with 39 reference farms identified by a typology carried out with the data of 2185 farm households from the last survey of farm structures in Medenine-Tunisia. The typological approach identified four farm households’ types: T1: livestock farming with family labor, T2: livestock farming with waged labor, T3: plant production with family labor, and T4: plant production with waged labor. Using the LVI method, results suggest that T1 and T3 are more vulnerable, particularly about knowledge and skills, farm capital, finances, institutional aspects, social network, and water. The findings of the study could help policymakers in designing specific adaptation measures to reduce the household’s vulnerability. The government should give specific attention to T1 and T3 households through: (i) establishing a mechanism that distribute aids to the most affected households, (ii) sustaining the households’ livelihoods by improving water supply and encouraging crop diversification and seed production, and (iii) developing an early warning system for climate extremes.

Cet ouvrage questionne le lien entre communication publique et développement territorial dans certaines zones fragiles et menacées du Maghreb. Il clôt la première phase du programme de recherche franco-maghrébin LOTH (Langages, objets, territoires et hospitalités) né en 2006 d’une collaboration entre le Centre de recherches sur les médiations (CREM EA 3476, Université de Lorraine – Metz) et le Laboratoire d’économie et sociétés rurales de l’Institut des régions arides (LESOR, IRA – Medenine, Tunisie), programme de recherche soutenu par l’AUF et le CNRS – ISCC. Dans une volonté de rapprocher les sciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC) et sciences économiques, ces travaux ouvrent des horizons de recherche inédits et induisent de nouveaux questionnements autour de notions telles que l’intelligence territoriale, le marketing territorial, la confiance entre acteurs du développement local, les perceptions et la valorisation de sites patrimoniaux…). La pluridisciplinarité – ...

The objective of this paper is to analyse the olive oil value chain (OVC) in the Governorate of Medenine (south-east of Tunisia) and the relationships between its main operators for an effective involvement and better performance and resilience of olive sector. Based on semi structured interviews and participatory multi-stakeholders’ workshops, OVC has been analysed and described. MACTOR approach has been applied to establish linkages among chain operators and activities in a partnership approach. Innovative interventions were proposed to strengthen farmers’ organizations to increase profitability of OVC. Empirical findings suggest that public-private-civil society partnerships are essential for the development of pro-poor approaches for uncovering technological and institutional innovations which may involve more inclusive olive oil value chains. The underpinnings of our argument will be of interest and value to both development practitioners and the research community engaged with...

La persistance/aggravation de la désertification dans les zones arides tunisiennes (Sghaier et al., 2007), ainsi que l’insuffisante connexion entre le monde scientifique et de la décision (Ouessar et al., 2006 ; Fetoui, 2011), ont fait émerger chez les acteurs du développement et les gestionnaires de ressources, une demande croissante en matière de développement d’outils opérationnels capables de produire des informations spatialisées adaptées à la prise en compte de la diversité des processus de désertification sur un même territoire. Or, la difficulté à comprendre la désertification dans ces zones se manifeste dans les interactions complexes entre les dynamiques socioéconomiques et biophysiques à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles. L’apport de ce travail réside tant dans les avancées sur la compréhension des causes et processus, que dans la proposition d’approches systémiques (climat-homme-espace-ressources), géographiques (paysage) et multi-acteurs, associées à des mét...

Participatory regional scenario building was carried out with stakeholders and local researchers in four meso-scale case studies (CS) in Africa. In all CS the improvement of food and / or water security and livelihood conditions was identified as the focal issue. A major concern was to analyze the impacts of different plausible future developments on these issues. The process of scenario development is of special importance as it helps to identify main drivers, critical uncertainties and patterns of change. Opportunities and constraints of actors and actions become clearer and reveal adaptation capacities. Effective strategies must be furthermore reasonable and accepted by local stakeholders to be implemented. Hence, developing scenarios and generating strategies need the integration of local knowledge. The testing of strategies shows how they play out in different scenarios and how robust they are. Reasons and patterns of social and natural vulnerability can so be shown. The scenar...