Fifty-two male Kivircik lambs were used to investigate the influences of finish weight (LOW: 25–2... more Fifty-two male Kivircik lambs were used to investigate the influences of finish weight (LOW: 25–26 kg, MEDIUM: 30–31 kg and HIGH: 35–36 kg) and production system (CON: concentrate-based system, PAS: pasture-based system) on carcass and meat quality characteristics. CON lambs (n=27) were weaned at 76 d of age and then finished on concentrate feed and alfalfa hay until slaughter. PAS lambs (n=25) grazed on native pasture in the day-time and sucked their dams until slaughter. CON group grew 30% faster during the experimental period; therefore significantly fewer days were required to reach the target weight. CON lambs had higher cold carcass weight, cold dressing percentage, and produced fattier carcasses compared with those of PAS system. PAS lambs had lower meat lightness values than CON ones. CON system produced more tender meat than PAS system in terms of shear force and sensory evaluation results. Intramuscular fat of the PAS lambs had higher percentage of ∑PUFA and ∑n-3 PUFA, and...
Study was conducted to determine the effects of genotype and sex on the technological properties ... more Study was conducted to determine the effects of genotype and sex on the technological properties and fatty acid composition of duck meat. Native (n = 15) and Peking (n = 15) ducks were slaughtered at 10 wk old, and meat samples were taken from M. pectoralis major (breast) and M. peroneus longus (thigh). The pH24, drip loss, expressed juice, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), color variables, fatty acid composition, and sensory characteristics were examined. Ultimate pH of breast meat in Peking ducks (6.01) was higher than that of native ducks (5.82). The breast drip loss (3.40%) and cooking loss (31.23%) in native ducks were higher than those in Peking ducks (2.77 and 26.69%, respectively). The expressed juice of thigh meat in native ducks (8.23%) was higher than that of Peking ducks (6.52%). Genotype and sex had no significant influence on WBSF and meat color. Lightness (L*) values of breast and thigh skin were higher in Peking ducks than native ones. In panel evalua...
Carcass and meat quality of male and female Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated using 10 ... more Carcass and meat quality of male and female Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated using 10 carcasses from each gender. Gender had no influence on carcass characteristics, except warm carcass weight, which was 13% higher in males compared to females. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher ultimate pH and lightness (L*), but lower redness (a*) values than females. Meat samples aged for 21 days had lower values for expressed juice, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force compared with those of 7-day aged ones. Meat samples aged for 21 days had higher L* value at 1 h and 24 h after cutting, a* value at 1 h after cutting compared with those of 7-day aged meat samples. Gender had no effect on meat sensory characteristics. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher proportions of C14:0, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-3 and C20:4 n-6 and Σn-3 fatty acids and lower Σn-6/Σn-3 ratio compared with female water buffaloes.
Tropical animal health and production, Jan 3, 2018
The aim of the study was to compare the certain carcass and meat quality traits and also fatty ac... more The aim of the study was to compare the certain carcass and meat quality traits and also fatty acid composition of goat kids from indigenous breeds (Gokceada and Hair Goat) and dairy breeds (Saanen and Maltese). A total 40 male kids from Saanen, Gokceada, Maltese and Hair Goat breeds were collected from commercial farms after weaning. Kids were finished for 56 days with grower concentrate and alfalfa hay in the sheepfold until slaughter. Higher mean values were found for Saanen kids in terms of slaughter weight, hot carcass weight and real dressing compared with Maltese, Hair Goat and Gokceada kids under the same intensive conditions. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between breeds in terms of instrumental meat quality traits, except meat colour. Meat from Gokceada and Hair Goat kids had higher lightness and Hue angle values than Saanen kids after 24 h of blooming. High meat redness values were observed for Saanen kids after 0 and 1 h of blooming. Panellist a...
Tropical animal health and production, Jan 16, 2015
Effects of suckling length (45, 75 and 120 days) and birth type (single and twin) on lamb growth,... more Effects of suckling length (45, 75 and 120 days) and birth type (single and twin) on lamb growth, slaughtering and carcass quality characteristics were investigated using 40 Kivircik lambs. SC-45 and SC-75 lambs were weaned at 45 and 75 days of age, respectively, whilst SC-120 lambs remained with their mothers until the end of the experimental period. Lambs from all studied groups were slaughtered at 120 days of age. Weaning treatment caused a decrease in average daily gain in SC-45 and SC-75 lambs, and therefore, final weight was higher in SC-120 lambs than lambs from weaned groups. SC-120 lambs had higher empty body weight, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass measurements, carcass fatness (proportions of the kidney knob and channel fat, subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in pelvic limb) and non-carcass fatness (omental and mesenteric fat proportion) than weaned lambs. As a conclusion, the potential losses in meat production due to weaning should be considered before ...
The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for racing times, which are needed f... more The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for racing times, which are needed for a selection program of Thoroughbred horses in Turkey. The racing records used in the study were obtained from the Turkish Jockey Club. The trait used in the study was racing time for racing distances of 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, and 2400 m. The data from each racing distance were analyzed separately. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure using the DFREML program. Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.177 to 0.353, depending on the racing distance. While estimates of heritability were highest for the 2 shortest distances (1200 and 1300 m), it was lowest for 2400 m, the longest distance. Estimates of pe 2 were lower at shorter distances than at longer distances. Estimates of repeatability varied from 0.289 to 0.404, depending on the racing distance. These results indicated that a moderate level of genetic progress is possible for r...
Governments have to supply adequate and balanced nutrition sources to the public. A balanced diet... more Governments have to supply adequate and balanced nutrition sources to the public. A balanced diet should consist of 0.75 grams of protein in each kilogram of a person's weight and %42 of this protein intake should be from animal origins. In developed countries, daily intake of protein from animal origins is higher than in developing countries. The protein supply quantity from animal products was reported by FAO in 2011 and amounted to 57.50 (g/capita/day) in Europe, 13.80 (g/capita/day) in low income food deficiency countries, 32.80 (g/capita/day) in Turkey. The differences of protein supply quantity between developed, developing and underdeveloped countries could be linked with the level of industrial structure of animal breeding. Animal breeding has an industrial structure in developed countries while it forms a significant source of income for people living in rural areas in developing countries. In Turkey animal breeding has a complex structure with associations building mod...
Fifty-two male Kivircik lambs were used to investigate the influences of finish weight (LOW: 25–2... more Fifty-two male Kivircik lambs were used to investigate the influences of finish weight (LOW: 25–26 kg, MEDIUM: 30–31 kg and HIGH: 35–36 kg) and production system (CON: concentrate-based system, PAS: pasture-based system) on carcass and meat quality characteristics. CON lambs (n=27) were weaned at 76 d of age and then finished on concentrate feed and alfalfa hay until slaughter. PAS lambs (n=25) grazed on native pasture in the day-time and sucked their dams until slaughter. CON group grew 30% faster during the experimental period; therefore significantly fewer days were required to reach the target weight. CON lambs had higher cold carcass weight, cold dressing percentage, and produced fattier carcasses compared with those of PAS system. PAS lambs had lower meat lightness values than CON ones. CON system produced more tender meat than PAS system in terms of shear force and sensory evaluation results. Intramuscular fat of the PAS lambs had higher percentage of ∑PUFA and ∑n-3 PUFA, and...
Study was conducted to determine the effects of genotype and sex on the technological properties ... more Study was conducted to determine the effects of genotype and sex on the technological properties and fatty acid composition of duck meat. Native (n = 15) and Peking (n = 15) ducks were slaughtered at 10 wk old, and meat samples were taken from M. pectoralis major (breast) and M. peroneus longus (thigh). The pH24, drip loss, expressed juice, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), color variables, fatty acid composition, and sensory characteristics were examined. Ultimate pH of breast meat in Peking ducks (6.01) was higher than that of native ducks (5.82). The breast drip loss (3.40%) and cooking loss (31.23%) in native ducks were higher than those in Peking ducks (2.77 and 26.69%, respectively). The expressed juice of thigh meat in native ducks (8.23%) was higher than that of Peking ducks (6.52%). Genotype and sex had no significant influence on WBSF and meat color. Lightness (L*) values of breast and thigh skin were higher in Peking ducks than native ones. In panel evalua...
Carcass and meat quality of male and female Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated using 10 ... more Carcass and meat quality of male and female Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated using 10 carcasses from each gender. Gender had no influence on carcass characteristics, except warm carcass weight, which was 13% higher in males compared to females. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher ultimate pH and lightness (L*), but lower redness (a*) values than females. Meat samples aged for 21 days had lower values for expressed juice, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force compared with those of 7-day aged ones. Meat samples aged for 21 days had higher L* value at 1 h and 24 h after cutting, a* value at 1 h after cutting compared with those of 7-day aged meat samples. Gender had no effect on meat sensory characteristics. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher proportions of C14:0, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-3 and C20:4 n-6 and Σn-3 fatty acids and lower Σn-6/Σn-3 ratio compared with female water buffaloes.
Tropical animal health and production, Jan 3, 2018
The aim of the study was to compare the certain carcass and meat quality traits and also fatty ac... more The aim of the study was to compare the certain carcass and meat quality traits and also fatty acid composition of goat kids from indigenous breeds (Gokceada and Hair Goat) and dairy breeds (Saanen and Maltese). A total 40 male kids from Saanen, Gokceada, Maltese and Hair Goat breeds were collected from commercial farms after weaning. Kids were finished for 56 days with grower concentrate and alfalfa hay in the sheepfold until slaughter. Higher mean values were found for Saanen kids in terms of slaughter weight, hot carcass weight and real dressing compared with Maltese, Hair Goat and Gokceada kids under the same intensive conditions. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between breeds in terms of instrumental meat quality traits, except meat colour. Meat from Gokceada and Hair Goat kids had higher lightness and Hue angle values than Saanen kids after 24 h of blooming. High meat redness values were observed for Saanen kids after 0 and 1 h of blooming. Panellist a...
Tropical animal health and production, Jan 16, 2015
Effects of suckling length (45, 75 and 120 days) and birth type (single and twin) on lamb growth,... more Effects of suckling length (45, 75 and 120 days) and birth type (single and twin) on lamb growth, slaughtering and carcass quality characteristics were investigated using 40 Kivircik lambs. SC-45 and SC-75 lambs were weaned at 45 and 75 days of age, respectively, whilst SC-120 lambs remained with their mothers until the end of the experimental period. Lambs from all studied groups were slaughtered at 120 days of age. Weaning treatment caused a decrease in average daily gain in SC-45 and SC-75 lambs, and therefore, final weight was higher in SC-120 lambs than lambs from weaned groups. SC-120 lambs had higher empty body weight, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, carcass measurements, carcass fatness (proportions of the kidney knob and channel fat, subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in pelvic limb) and non-carcass fatness (omental and mesenteric fat proportion) than weaned lambs. As a conclusion, the potential losses in meat production due to weaning should be considered before ...
The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for racing times, which are needed f... more The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for racing times, which are needed for a selection program of Thoroughbred horses in Turkey. The racing records used in the study were obtained from the Turkish Jockey Club. The trait used in the study was racing time for racing distances of 1200, 1300, 1400, 1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, and 2400 m. The data from each racing distance were analyzed separately. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure using the DFREML program. Estimates of heritability ranged from 0.177 to 0.353, depending on the racing distance. While estimates of heritability were highest for the 2 shortest distances (1200 and 1300 m), it was lowest for 2400 m, the longest distance. Estimates of pe 2 were lower at shorter distances than at longer distances. Estimates of repeatability varied from 0.289 to 0.404, depending on the racing distance. These results indicated that a moderate level of genetic progress is possible for r...
Governments have to supply adequate and balanced nutrition sources to the public. A balanced diet... more Governments have to supply adequate and balanced nutrition sources to the public. A balanced diet should consist of 0.75 grams of protein in each kilogram of a person's weight and %42 of this protein intake should be from animal origins. In developed countries, daily intake of protein from animal origins is higher than in developing countries. The protein supply quantity from animal products was reported by FAO in 2011 and amounted to 57.50 (g/capita/day) in Europe, 13.80 (g/capita/day) in low income food deficiency countries, 32.80 (g/capita/day) in Turkey. The differences of protein supply quantity between developed, developing and underdeveloped countries could be linked with the level of industrial structure of animal breeding. Animal breeding has an industrial structure in developed countries while it forms a significant source of income for people living in rural areas in developing countries. In Turkey animal breeding has a complex structure with associations building mod...
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of lameness on milk yield of Holstein cows.... more This study was carried out to investigate the effects of lameness on milk yield of Holstein cows. Data includes 204045 daily milk yields from 477 Holstein cows collected in a private farm. The milk productions per day were recorded based on automated milk weight measurements at each milking. The GLM procedure was used to analyze data. The model included fixed effects of parity, week of lactation, months in milk and whether a cow ever became lame. All these effects were found to be significant (P<0.001). The decrease in milk production in cows having lameness began two weeks before the diagnosis of lameness and continued until four weeks after the diagnosis. After the 4 th week of the illness the milk production returned back to its normal level. The milk production was 31.0 kg/day for cows that had not yet been diagnosed lame, 27.3 kg/day in the first week of lameness, 27.2 kg/day in the second week of lameness and 30.1 kg/day in the 4 th week of lameness. The results of this study showed that lameness has a significant impact on milk production.
The objectives of the study were to investigate the fixed effects, which are considered to influe... more The objectives of the study were to investigate the fixed effects, which are considered to influence the ewe productivity, and to estimate the genetic parameters for ewe productivity traits of Turkish Merino sheep. Data and pedigree information for Turkish Merino sheep used in this study were collected at the Marmara Animal Breeding Research Institute from 1996 to 2002. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure using DFREML programme. The effects of year and age of ewe were significant for fertility, litter size at born (LSB), litter size at weaning (LSW), litter weight at born (LWB) and litter weight at weaning (LWW). The least squares means of fertility, LSB, LSW, LWB and LWW were 0.904, 1.422, 1.358, 6.689 kg and 41.577 kg, respectively. The means of total number of lambs born (TLB), total number of lambs weaned (TLW), total birth weight of lambs (TWB) and total weight of lambs weaned (TWW) per ewe over four lambing opportunities were 5.48, 5.25, 25.61 kg and 162.47 kg, respectively. Estimates of heritability for fertility, LSB, LSW, LWB and LWW were 0.0250, 0.0533, 0.0430, 0.0462 and 0.0255, respectively; and repeatability for these traits were 0.1242, 0.0787, 0.0772, 0.0882 and 0.0715, respectively. The low estimates of heritability and repeatability for ewe productivity traits indicate that selection based on ewe's own performance may result in slow genetic improvement. Therefore, selection for ewe productivity traits of Turkish Merino ewes should be based on female relatives of ewes or on correlated traits, which have high and positive genetic correlation with ewe productivity traits.
Turkey has a very young human population, which is increasing rapidly. Therefore the need for foo... more Turkey has a very young human population, which is increasing rapidly. Therefore the need for foods of animal origin is also increasing. When the pig production being very low in Turkey is taken into consideration, the significance of ruminant breeding can be understood. When the changes in ruminant populations from 1980 to 2003 are investigated it can be seen that there is a serious decline. The cattle population decreased from 15 million to 10 million; sheep population from 46 million to 27 million; goat population from 19 million to 7 million and water buffalo population from 1 million to 160 thousand. Despite of the decline in numbers, these populations are still important sources to cover the demand for foods of animal origin. Most of the sheep, goat and water buffalo and 43% of the cattle populations are composed of indigenous breeds. Although these indigenous breeds have low production levels they can continue their productions under harsh climate, poor feeding and management conditions, which they have adapted in hundreds of years and serve their breeders as food for life and economic income. By the planned, scientific use of artificial insemination, embryo transfer, improvements in biotechnology, animal breeding and feeding, the production potential of the ruminant populations in Turkey can be improved in a reasonable time period. While changing the genetic and breeding structure of animals to satisfy the demands of a growing human population, the conservation of genetic resources should always be provided. The long-term improvement of animal breeding in Turkey will be possible by the better use of ruminant breeding potential of the country.
There is a well-organized dominance hierarchy between livestock animals and individuals' rank of ... more There is a well-organized dominance hierarchy between livestock animals and individuals' rank of getting use of sources is determined by dominance and recessive relationships. For the purpose of determining important factors in the formation of dominance hierarchy, researches were conducted with wild/mountain sheep and the principal physiological factors that determine dominance rank were reported as horn presence / size, live weight / body mass size and conformation. In Turkey there are various local sheep breeds which have adapted to feeding facilities and climatic conditions where they live and they have significant differences in terms of body size and some of morphological traits. The principal purpose of the present study was to make a comparative identification of the factors which determine dominance hierarchy in Hemşin, Sakız and Karagül rams. To describe the dominance hierarchy, dominance index and social rank parameters were used and the best regression equations that describe the dominance index and social rank for each breed were developed by using regression analyses with independent variables such as live weight, body measurements and testosterone level. The second purpose of the study was to compare the biochemical and haematological stress
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