S. Alasahan

Abstract This study intended to investigate slaughter, carcass and meat quality characteristics of Damascus male kids reared under different production systems and antioxidant effect (Vit E). The kids, housed in pen groups and grazing groups, were equally divided for production systems and later each group was again equally divided for determination of Vit E effect. Production systems and Vit E were found to have no significant effect on slaughter and carcass traits. Differences between production systems were found significant for meat pH 24 , water holding capacity, cooking loss, tenderness, ether-extractable lipid and some color characteristics and concentrate feed supplemented with Vit E was effective on TBARS values. Each of the fatty acids except C18:2 n6 was affected by the production system but Vit E influence was superior on long-chain fatty acids. Grazing kids had a lower percentage of total SFA, n6, n6/n3, AI and TI ratio, while kids housed in pens had the lowest percentage of total UFA, NV and n3 ratio. On the other hand, kids that consumed supplemental Vit E had a higher percentage of total UFA, ratio of UFA/SFA, n3 and lower percentage of SFA, ratio of n6/n3, AI, TI compared to the kids fed by non-supplemental concentrate feed with Vit E. In accordance with the meat fatty acid composition, meat obtained from the kids that grazed and consumed supplemental Vit E was healthier than that of those housed in pen kids and non-supplemental Vit E consumed kids.

This study was aimed at determining the effects of various levels of dietary olive cake meal (OCM) on certain blood parameters and breast muscle fatty acid and cholesterol levels. For this purpose, 400 day-old Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks of both sexes were randomly assigned to four trial groups, each including five replicates of 20 animals. The quail were fed on a maize and soybean meal-based basal diet supplemented with 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of OCM for six weeks. Dietary supplementation with 5% and 7.5% of OCM decreased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood serum, and increased cholesterol levels in the breast muscle. Dietary supplementation with various levels of OCM decreased saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid levels, and increased monounsaturated fatty acid and total unsaturated fatty acid levels in the breast muscle. As a result, it was concluded that, olive cake meal, which contains a high level of...

The present study was aimed at the investigation of egg quality characteristics of different poultry species by digital image analysis. The material of the study was comprised of eggs of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), rock partridge (Alectoris graeca), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and cross-chickens (Denizli x Leghorn F1). Values pertaining to egg quality characteristics were obtained using the conventional method and digital image analysis. Egg length, egg width and shape index values measured by digital image analysis were shown to correspond closely with values measured using the conventional method, within an accuracy range of 98.44-98.54%. As regards internal egg quality characteristics, high error rates were determined for albumen height (32.24%) and yolk diameter (13.44%) values measured by digital image analysis, in comparison to values obtained with the conventional method. In result, it was demonstrated that egg quality characteristics could be determined by digital image analysis, in close correspondence with the conventional method, provided that devices equipped with measurement scales and images with reference points are used. Özet Bu çalışma, farklı kanatlı türlerinde yumurta kalite özelliklerinin sayısal görüntü analizi ile belirlenebilmesinin araştırılması amacıyla yürütüldü. Çalışmada bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica), kaya keklik (Alectoris graeca), halkalı sülün (Phasianus colchicus) ve tavuk (Denizli x Leghorn) türlerine ait yumurtalar kullanıldı. Yumurta kalite özelliklerine ait değerler klasik metot ve sayısal görüntü analizi metotlarıyla belirlendi. Sayısal görüntü analizi ile yumurta boyu, yumurta eni ve şekil endeksine ait değerler bütün yumurtalarda klasik metot değerine genel olarak %98.44-98.54 oranları arasında yakın saptandı. İç kalite özelliklerinden ak yükseklik (%32.24) ve sarı çapı (%13.44) değerleri sayısal görüntü analizi ile klasik metottan yüksek hata oranında belirlendi. Sonuç olarak sayısal görüntü analiz metoduyla ölçüm skalasına sahip düzenekler ve referans noktasına sahip görüntüler kullanılarak yumurta kalite özellik değerlerinin klasik metoda oldukça yakın olarak belirlenebileceği ortaya konuldu. Eggs not only constitute an important protein source for a balanced diet, but are also significant in terms of the reproduction and continuity of poultry species. In this context, the term " egg quality " refers to these two main features of eggs and their indicative criteria. Egg quality standards require that table eggs are clean such that their consumption does not pose any risk for human health and that they remain intact. On the other hand, the quality of hatching eggs bears significance for embryonic development. For, embryonic development depends on the presence of an egg shell of adequate thickness and porosity; the existence of an airspace at the blunt pole of the egg; the nutritional value (wholesomeness) of the egg yolk and the protection provided by the albumen 1,2. Therefore, egg quality and the mainte

The effect of 1 to 2-, 3 to 4-, 5 to 6-, 7 to 8-, 9 to 10-, 11 to 12-, and 13 to 14-d storage periods on quality characteristics and hatchability of partridge (Alectoris graeca) eggs was studied. There was no significant effect of storage period on egg weight, shell weight, shell ratio, and shell thickness as external quality characteristics of partridge eggs (P > 0.05). Storage periods affected internal quality characteristics of partridge eggs (P < 0.05). An increase in yolk ratio (P < 0.05) and decrease in albumen ratio, yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit (P < 0.001) occurred when storage periods were lengthened. However, storage period had no significant effect on hatchability (P > 0.05). This study shows that long storage periods do not have negative effects on hatchability of partridge eggs to the extent that occurs in other poultry species. Because of a lack of knowledge about this subject, these studies will be useful in terms of successful intensive partridge breeding.

This study intended to investigate slaughter, carcass and meat quality characteristics of Damascus male kids reared under different production systems and antioxidant effect (Vit E). The kids, housed in pen groups and grazing groups, were equally divided for production systems and later each group was again equally divided for determination of Vit E effect. Production systems and Vit E were found to have no significant effect on slaughter and carcass traits. Differences between production systems were found significant for meat pH 24 , water holding capacity, cooking loss, tenderness, ether-extractable lipid and some color characteristics and concentrate feed supplemented with Vit E was effective on TBARS values. Each of the fatty acids except C18:2 n6 was affected by the production system but Vit E influence was superior on long-chain fatty acids. Grazing kids had a lower percentage of total SFA, n6, n6/n3, AI and TI ratio, while kids housed in pens had the lowest percentage of total UFA, NV and n3 ratio. On the other hand, kids that consumed supplemental Vit E had a higher percentage of total UFA, ratio of UFA/SFA, n3 and lower percentage of SFA, ratio of n6/n3, AI, TI compared to the kids fed by non-supplemental concentrate feed with Vit E. In accordance with the meat fatty acid composition, meat obtained from the kids that grazed and consumed supplemental Vit E was healthier than that of those housed in pen kids and non-supplemental Vit E consumed kids.

The study was carried out to determine some body measurements of male and female rock partridges of varying age (hatching-14 weeks), and to demonstrate the correlations between these measurements and live weight. Body measurements increased with advancing age. The differences between live weights were significant at 6 and 14th weeks (P<0.05 to 0.01). Shank length and shank width (at the os tarsometatarsus) were found to be greater in males between the 8 and 14th weeks of age (P<0.01). Differences between the two sexes in length of head were significant at 4 and 14th weeks (P<0.05 to 0.01). As of the second week, a high significant correlation (0.366 to 0.751) was determined among all body measurements and live weight (P<0.001). The most decisive body measurements used in the determination of live weight were shank width, head length and shank length. The lowest prediction (R 2 = 12.5%) was determined during the hatching period. However, the highest prediction (R 2 = 81.4%) was determined in the 4th week, and generally prediction increased with advancing age (P<0.001). Some body measurements of male and female rock partridges of varying age and the correlation of these measurements with live weight were determined in the study. This study concludes that some body measurements, which can be easily obtained, can be used in the prediction of live weight and as criteria in selection for live weight.

The effect of 1 to 2-, 3 to 4-, 5 to 6-, 7 to 8-, 9 to 10-, 11 to 12-, and 13 to 14-d storage periods on quality characteristics and hatchability of partridge (Alectoris graeca) eggs was studied. There was no significant effect of storage period on egg weight, shell weight, shell ratio, and shell thickness as external quality characteristics of partridge eggs (P > 0.05). Storage periods affected internal quality characteristics of partridge eggs (P < 0.05). An increase in yolk ratio (P < 0.05) and decrease in albumen ratio, yolk index, albumen index, and Haugh unit (P < 0.001) occurred when storage periods were lengthened. However, storage period had no significant effect on hatchability (P > 0.05). This study shows that long storage periods do not have negative effects on hatchability of partridge eggs to the extent that occurs in other poultry species. Because of a lack of knowledge about this subject, these studies will be useful in terms of successful intensive partridge breeding.

The present study was aimed at the investigation of egg quality characteristics of different poultry species by digital image analysis. The material of the study was comprised of eggs of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), rock partridge (Alectoris graeca), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and cross-chickens (Denizli x Leghorn F1). Values pertaining to egg quality characteristics were obtained using the conventional method and digital image analysis. Egg length, egg width and shape index values measured by digital image analysis were shown to correspond closely with values measured using the conventional method, within an accuracy range of 98.44-98.54%. As regards internal egg quality characteristics, high error rates were determined for albumen height (32.24%) and yolk diameter (13.44%) values measured by digital image analysis, in comparison to values obtained with the conventional method. In result, it was demonstrated that egg quality characteristics could be determined by digital image analysis, in close correspondence with the conventional method, provided that devices equipped with measurement scales and images with reference points are used. Özet Bu çalışma, farklı kanatlı türlerinde yumurta kalite özelliklerinin sayısal görüntü analizi ile belirlenebilmesinin araştırılması amacıyla yürütüldü. Çalışmada bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica), kaya keklik (Alectoris graeca), halkalı sülün (Phasianus colchicus) ve tavuk (Denizli x Leghorn) türlerine ait yumurtalar kullanıldı. Yumurta kalite özelliklerine ait değerler klasik metot ve sayısal görüntü analizi metotlarıyla belirlendi. Sayısal görüntü analizi ile yumurta boyu, yumurta eni ve şekil endeksine ait değerler bütün yumurtalarda klasik metot değerine genel olarak %98.44-98.54 oranları arasında yakın saptandı. İç kalite özelliklerinden ak yükseklik (%32.24) ve sarı çapı (%13.44) değerleri sayısal görüntü analizi ile klasik metottan yüksek hata oranında belirlendi. Sonuç olarak sayısal görüntü analiz metoduyla ölçüm skalasına sahip düzenekler ve referans noktasına sahip görüntüler kullanılarak yumurta kalite özellik değerlerinin klasik metoda oldukça yakın olarak belirlenebileceği ortaya konuldu. Eggs not only constitute an important protein source for a balanced diet, but are also significant in terms of the reproduction and continuity of poultry species. In this context, the term " egg quality " refers to these two main features of eggs and their indicative criteria. Egg quality standards require that table eggs are clean such that their consumption does not pose any risk for human health and that they remain intact. On the other hand, the quality of hatching eggs bears significance for embryonic development. For, embryonic development depends on the presence of an egg shell of adequate thickness and porosity; the existence of an airspace at the blunt pole of the egg; the nutritional value (wholesomeness) of the egg yolk and the protection provided by the albumen 1,2. Therefore, egg quality and the mainte