Eggshell

During the manipulation of hen eggs from the farm to the consumer due to action of external forces and weak mechanical strength of shell, the eggs break. The goal of egg producers is to reduce losses when breaking eggs during the production and placement, and thus increase revenues. Each egg can be damaged by external forces whose values are greater than maximum strength of the egg shell. Direct and indirect methods are used to determine the quality of eggs and shell strength. By direct methods, strength of the shell can be determined on the basis of puncture force measurements, impact forces, quasi-static compression forces and free fall forces on a known surface. In our research, a device was constructed for the realization of experiment and a direct method for determining strength of eggs was applied on the basis of measured breaking force of the shell. The device for measuring strength of eggs by the direct method of puncture eggshell was constructed and applied at the Faculty o...

According to Central Statistics Agency, chicken egg production in 2020 reached 5,044,394.99 tons. 10% of whole chicken eggs are shells that just become waste. The calcium content in eggshell is about 19.20%. Therefore, chicken eggshell flour has the potency to be used as material in food processing, one of that is cookies. Cookies is one of the bakery product made from wheat flour which tastes sweet and is very popular. The aim of this study were to determine the effect of chicken eggshell flour addition to the chemical, microbiological, and sensory characteristics of cookies. The study carried out with three attempts and two repetitions, with 5%, 8%, and 10% chicken eggshell flour addition to wheat flour to make cookie dough. Based on sensory analysis, the best attempt was cookies with 5% chicken eggshell flour in addition in wheat flour. This cookie contains 4.22% water, 6.73% protein, 25.14% fat, 2.38% ash, 61.53% total carbohydrates, and 0.72% calcium. The microbiological charact eristics showed the TPC number was 4,42x103 cfu/g and no colonies were found in the EMB test. The results of hedonic test showed that the panels slightly liked the taste, color, texture parameters, and liked aroma and overall parameters.

This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of uronic acid in chicken eggshell membranes and to compare chemical compositions among the inner and outer eggshell membranes and the organic matter of eggshell. We report here for the first time the occurrence of uronic acid in chicken eggshell membranes. Uronic acid concentrations were similar (P > 0.05) between the inner shell membrane and outer shell membrane but approximately fivefold higher (P < 0.05) in the organic matter of eggshell. Sialic acid concentrations were (

Eggs have been a food staple on many peoples plates globally for centuries. The manner in which they have been consumed is that of simply separating the shell into two pieces in order to access the content and discarding the shell. This process of discarding the eggshells has also for centuries contributed to tremendous waste generation due to the excessive count of eggs that are consumed annually. As much research has been done in the area of eggshell re-use, this research has mainly focused on agricultural re-uses of eggshells. This paper examines the dif erent characteristics of eggshellsfrom three common animalsthat produce eggs, namely, chickens, ostriches’ and ducks. It then highlights how each dif erent eggshell may be beneficial in the manufacture of concrete and also highlights the drawbacks of why in some cases it would not be beneficial. It was found that the pre-dominant component in all three eggshell types is calcium carbonate. It was also found that the content of magnesium in chicken eggshells is higher than in duck eggshells, making it more suited in the use of concrete since magnesium is a pertinent material in the composition of concrete. It was also noted that the calcium carbonate in ostrich eggshells is much lower than in chicken eggshells. Thisshowed that itstillremains more beneficial to use chicken eggshells over ostrich eggshells since calcium carbonate is also an essential component in concrete. Consideration of a variety of eggshells such as ostrich eggshells and duck eggshells in comparison to chicken eggshells has shown that when considering the use of eggshell powder in concrete production, the more technically suited eggshell types are those that emanate from chickens.

This study aimed to evaluate eggshell wastes, which have the potential to turn into high value-added products in paper industry. Membrane-removed eggshell wastes were subjected to certain processes of washing, drying, grinding, and sieving. The final product of eggshell calcium carbonate (ECC) was used in office paper production as filler, and its possible effect on physical and optical properties of papers was investigated. Mixed office wastes were turned pulp using as raw material of office paper production. Moreover, the effects of ECC was compared with the use of industrial calcium carbonates of ground (GCC) and precipitated (PCC) forms as filler. Breaking lengths of the papers were shown to reduce up to 65.2, 76.6, and 64.1% by a 30% usage of GCC, PCC, and ECC fillers, respectively. PCC and GCC were more effective in improved optical properties of papers than ECC. The brightness values were measured to be 96.8, 98.4, and 93.1 ISO% with a 30% dosage of GCC, PCC, and ECC fillers, respectively. These results suggested that ECC can be used as filler in paper industry.

Ostrich eggshell bead-making appears relatively early in regions inhabited by ostriches. This type of personal ornamentation emerged in Central Asia together with human populations associated with the laminar Initial Upper Paleolithic culture about 45,000 uncal BP or slightly earlier. Eggshell beads and pendants occur in Central Asia until the Middle Holocene, while the technology of bead-making underwent changes throughout this period. Although beads and eggshell fragments are quite common in Paleolithic sites, ostrich bones are extremely rare. Ostrich taxonomy is based on eggshell analysis, principally on shell thickness variability. Here, we present the results of an additional investigative approach aimed at taxonomic determination - analysis of eggshell pore patterns. We applied this method to samples found over a wide area in Mongolia - from the Middle Selenga Basin in the north to the Gobi Desert in the south. Samples of beads and eggshells were recovered from archaeological ...

Intention to adopt clinical decision support systems in a developing country: effect of fessional autonomy, involvement and belief) explains 47 % of the variance in the intention to use CDSS. This is significantly higher than Sambasivan et al. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2012, 12:142

Zooarchaeological research carried out on South-American ostrich eggshells from late pre-Hispanic site Arroyo Talainín 2 (ca. 1100–300 BP, Sierras of Córdoba, Argentina) is presented in this paper. The resource importance has been assessed focusing mainly on its economic and political dimensions for social-unit integration rather than its classical use as a seasonal indicator. Eggshells taxonomic identification was performed by quantifying shell-pore density, and determining two Rheidae species: greater rhea (Rhea americana) and lesser rhea (Rhea pennata). High frequencies of burned eggshell fragments indicate an unequivocal association between this resource and the human occupations recorded at this site. Regional-scale data suggests that egg consumption took place disassociated from the main-residential camps. These locations were rock-shelters occupied by small-dispersed household groups or large-group food processing and consumption sites such as Arroyo Talainín 2. Thus, a flexi...

Developmental defects of enamel in primary teeth and association with early life course onth old children in Conclusion: Children with the history of low birth weight were more likely than their normal birth weight Masumo et al. BMC Oral Health 2013, 13:21

Ostrich eggshell bead-making appears relatively early in regions inhabited by ostriches. This type of personal ornamentation emerged in Central Asia together with human populations associated with the laminar Initial Upper Paleolithic culture about 45,000 uncal BP or slightly earlier. Eggshell beads and pendants occur in Central Asia until the Middle Holocene, while the technology of bead-making underwent changes throughout this period. Although beads and eggshell fragments are quite common in Paleolithic sites, ostrich bones are extremely rare. Ostrich taxonomy is based on eggshell analysis, principally on shell thickness variability. Here, we present the results of an additional investigative approach aimed at taxonomic determination - analysis of eggshell pore patterns. We applied this method to samples found over a wide area in Mongolia - from the Middle Selenga Basin in the north to the Gobi Desert in the south. Samples of beads and eggshells were recovered from archaeological ...

The presence of dissolved crude oil in water poses significant environmental hazards to aquatic lives. Components of dissolved oil, BTEX which are carcinogenic can cause cancer after a long time of exposure. Eggshell, a potential biosorbent was used to remove both dissolved and dispersed oil in produced water. It was conditioned to provide good oil uptake in its natural form. The biosorbent material was characterized using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, BET and EDS techniques. The results showed that eggshell contains calcium, carbon and oxygen in proportions of 37.4, 48.5 and 14.1 atomic percent respectively. Biosorption experiments with the eggshell biosorbent showed that it can be used for crude oil removal from produced water providing almost 100% at concentration of 1.8 g eggshell/L of produced water and oil concentration as high as 194 mg/l. Several kinetic models were tested and it was discovered that the biosorbent followed pseudo-second order biosorption kinetics. The value of q e deduce...

Sunbury Press (2016) A well-respected chef in New York City has decided to fulfill a lifelong dream, to open a restaurant that is devoted entirely to "eggy" creations in the smart Wall Street area of the City. Working with an inspired architect, John erects his restaurant in the shape of a Fabergé egg, modeled after those remarkable masterpieces that were offered each year by the Czar to his beloved wife in the years leading up to the Russian Revolution. Fabergé Restaurant becomes 'the' destination for the wealthiest of NYC clients, but it's also the place where a plan is Hatched by three former college roommates to counterfeit billions of dollars and shake the United States economy to its very yolk. A rollicking novel filled with intrigue, passion and voluptuous egg recipes, Hatched is a sumptuous treat.

Egg production in egg laying hen depends on the action and interaction of hereditary and environmental factors. The number and nature of these factors, the physiological factors of their action, and their share of the egg production, though not enough known yet, raise a series of questions for aviculturists concerning the continuous improvement of poultry improvement technologies and of raising and exploiting poultry. Individual egg production varies within very broad limits, being determined partially by the functioning of the reproductive tract in females (under neuro-hormonal control and strongly influenced by outer environmental conditions). Besides all this, the number of eggs is also influenced by other factors.

Background: The cause of tako tsubo cardiomyopathy remains unclear. We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate if a common pathophysiological denominator could be outlined. Methods: Within 3 days following symptom presentation and again after 3 months we investigated all patients coming to our institution and diagnosed with tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. Patients underwent extensive biochemical screening. Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiac autonomic function was studied by heart rate variability and signal-averaged electrocardiogram and posttraumatic stress and depression were investigated by questionnaires (the Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome 10-Questions Inventory, PTSS-10 and the Montgomery-Åsberg depression rating scale, self rated version, MADRS-S). Results: During 2 years, 13 consecutive patients were included. Markers of myocardial damage and heart failure were slightly to moderately...

A cross-sectional survey on knowledge and perceptions of health risks associated with arsenic mining, varied widely with regard to the health hazards of mercury and arsenic. In these communities there was Charles et al. BMC Public Health 2013, 13:74

Background: The cause of coronary disease inframortality in Spain is unknown. The aim of this study is to identify Spanish towns with very low ischemic heart disease mortality, describe their health and social characteristics, and analyze the relationship with a series of contextual factors. Methods: We obtained the number of deaths registered for each of 8,122 Spanish towns in the periods 1989-1998 and 1999-2003. Expected deaths, standardized mortality ratio (SMR), smoothed Relative Risk (RR), and Posterior Probability (PP) of RR&gt; 1 were calculated using Bayesian hierarchical models. Inframortality was defined as any town that displayed an RR below the 10 th percentile, an SMR of under 1 for both sexes, and a PP of RR&gt; 1 less than or equal to 0.002 for male and 0.005 for female mortality, during the two periods covered. All the remaining towns, except for those with high mortality classified as “tourist towns”, were selected as controls. The association among socioeconomic, h...