Digital Image Analysis

A four-year study of site-specific weed control is presented in this paper. Weed seedling distribution was sampled and mapped prior to and after post-emergence herbicide application in four fields planted with maize, sugar beets, winter wheat and winter barley, rotating on one site. Herbicides and other weed control strategies were applied site-specifically according to the spatial variation of weed populations.

A rootbox is described which allows observation of an intact, entire root system. Roots are sandwiched against a plexiglass surface by a nylon mesh that is impermeable to roots, but permeable to water and nutrients. To quantify root growth non-destructively, roots of different size classes are traced onto acetate sheets using different color pens, and root lengths determined by digital image analysis.

This paper aimed to evaluate the fungicidal activity of essential oil from two Brazilian savannah species (Lippia origanoides Kunth and L. lacunosa Mart. & Schauer) and from clove [Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L. M. Perry], tested against two wood decay fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and Trametes versicolor). Additionally, it was tested an adapted diffusion method along with digital images to assess the biological response. Four essential oil concentrations (100, 50, 25 and 12.5%) were tested. It was found that the essential oil from L. origanoides showed the highest fungicidal activity against G. trabeum and T. versicolor in any concentration tested. This activity is attributed to thymol, the major component of L. origanoides, and its several modes of action. L. lacunosa also showed fungicidal activity but dependent on the concentration used. The results showed that, in some cases, the essential oils presented higher inhibitions indexes than a commercial fungicide. The use of digital images has demonstrated the feasibility of making easier biological essays especially those in which there is growth without a specific geometric shape. Besides that, it gives a more sensibility and reliability to the process, since it is more accurate than human visual measurement.

The superficial appearance and color of food are the first parameters of quality evaluated by consumers, and are thus critical factors for acceptance of the food item by the consumer. Although there are different color spaces, the most used of these in the measuring of color in food is the L*a*b* color space due to the uniform distribution of colors, and because it is very close to human perception of color. In order to carry out a digital image analysis in food, it is necessary to know the color measure of each pixel on the surface of the food item. However, there are at present no commercial L*a*b* color measures in pixels available because the existing commercial colorimeters generally measure small, non-representative areas of a few square centimeters. Given that RGB digital cameras obtain information in pixels, this article presents a computational solution that allows the obtaining of digital images in L*a*b* color units for each pixel of the digital RGB image. This investigat...

A new stereo vision tracker setup for virtual and augmented reality applications is presented in this paper. The performance, robustness and accuracy of the system are achieved under real-time constraints. The method is based on blobs extraction, two-...

Data mining and knowledge discovery in databases have been attracting a significant amount of research, industry, and media attention of late. There is an urgent need for a new generation of computational theories and tools to assist researchers in extracting useful information from the rapidly growing volumes of digital data

In comparing the patterns of violence committed by Alcibiades in the works of Thucydides, Plutarch, and Xenophon, significant differences emerge in the focus of the three authors and can be represented visually by "Eris. The Hamburg Information System on the Representation of Greek and Roman Violence." The fact that the interpretation of graphic findings-that is, second-order categories-nevertheless leads to highly plausible results demonstrates that this proof of concept was successful. The plausible results also suggest that, by using Eris, we will find previously undiscovered patterns of violence in the investigation of the big data of ancient texts. Graphs will thus serve as sources of inspiration that will open up new questions that have not yet entered our thinking due to the vast volumes of data.

Surviving silk textiles attributed to the Mediterranean and Near East c. AD 600-1300 are significant in both historic and technical terms. This paper presents some results from my dissertation research pertaining to yarn characteristics in 87 weft-faced compound weave figured silks found in ten museum collections. Objective measurement of diameter and inserted twist is aided by use of computer vision software tools. Yarn component analysis provides information about workshop production methods and suggests transmission of standard conventions throughout the Mediterranean and Near East c. AD 600-1300.

The present study was aimed at the investigation of egg quality characteristics of different poultry species by digital image analysis. The material of the study was comprised of eggs of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), rock partridge (Alectoris graeca), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and cross-chickens (Denizli x Leghorn F1). Values pertaining to egg quality characteristics were obtained using the conventional method and digital image analysis. Egg length, egg width and shape index values measured by digital image analysis were shown to correspond closely with values measured using the conventional method, within an accuracy range of 98.44-98.54%. As regards internal egg quality characteristics, high error rates were determined for albumen height (32.24%) and yolk diameter (13.44%) values measured by digital image analysis, in comparison to values obtained with the conventional method. In result, it was demonstrated that egg quality characteristics could be determined by digital image analysis, in close correspondence with the conventional method, provided that devices equipped with measurement scales and images with reference points are used. Özet Bu çalışma, farklı kanatlı türlerinde yumurta kalite özelliklerinin sayısal görüntü analizi ile belirlenebilmesinin araştırılması amacıyla yürütüldü. Çalışmada bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica), kaya keklik (Alectoris graeca), halkalı sülün (Phasianus colchicus) ve tavuk (Denizli x Leghorn) türlerine ait yumurtalar kullanıldı. Yumurta kalite özelliklerine ait değerler klasik metot ve sayısal görüntü analizi metotlarıyla belirlendi. Sayısal görüntü analizi ile yumurta boyu, yumurta eni ve şekil endeksine ait değerler bütün yumurtalarda klasik metot değerine genel olarak %98.44-98.54 oranları arasında yakın saptandı. İç kalite özelliklerinden ak yükseklik (%32.24) ve sarı çapı (%13.44) değerleri sayısal görüntü analizi ile klasik metottan yüksek hata oranında belirlendi. Sonuç olarak sayısal görüntü analiz metoduyla ölçüm skalasına sahip düzenekler ve referans noktasına sahip görüntüler kullanılarak yumurta kalite özellik değerlerinin klasik metoda oldukça yakın olarak belirlenebileceği ortaya konuldu. Eggs not only constitute an important protein source for a balanced diet, but are also significant in terms of the reproduction and continuity of poultry species. In this context, the term " egg quality " refers to these two main features of eggs and their indicative criteria. Egg quality standards require that table eggs are clean such that their consumption does not pose any risk for human health and that they remain intact. On the other hand, the quality of hatching eggs bears significance for embryonic development. For, embryonic development depends on the presence of an egg shell of adequate thickness and porosity; the existence of an airspace at the blunt pole of the egg; the nutritional value (wholesomeness) of the egg yolk and the protection provided by the albumen 1,2. Therefore, egg quality and the mainte

This master's thesis is intended as a foundation for further development of methods for digital marine osteoarchaeology. The main purpose of this thesis was to examine and problematise the process of locating, documenting, and analyzing skeletal remains in marine archaeological, and other hard to reach sites. Three forms of osteological analysis' was performed and assessed: one based on analysis of physical skeletal remains, another based on 2D documented skeletal remains, and a third on analysis on 3D reconstructed skeletal remains. The secondary purpose of this thesis was to problematise the taphonomic effects on bodies, body parts, and bones in marine environments, necessary for the evaluation of the different methods. The analysis' has been conducted on source material provided by the research projects for the naval ships Mars and Gribshunden, the National Maritime Museum of Sweden, the Sandby Borg project, and the Çatalhöyük project. In addition, a test was carried out, with eight volunteer osteology students at Campus Gotland, Uppsala University, during a seminar exercise. The results collected through the osteological analysis' performed on the three different formats and the students osteology exercise could be used in order to highlight a variation of data available in the different formats. The results was then used in order to create a basis for future digital documentation methods that may be applied in the field. The secondary aim of this thesis was addressed through the use of the naval ships Mars and Gribshunden as case examples in order to address the limited amount of skeletal remains located so far at the marine archaeological sites.

The present study was aimed at the investigation of egg quality characteristics of different poultry species by digital image analysis. The material of the study was comprised of eggs of the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), rock partridge (Alectoris graeca), ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and cross-chickens (Denizli x Leghorn F1). Values pertaining to egg quality characteristics were obtained using the conventional method and digital image analysis. Egg length, egg width and shape index values measured by digital image analysis were shown to correspond closely with values measured using the conventional method, within an accuracy range of 98.44-98.54%. As regards internal egg quality characteristics, high error rates were determined for albumen height (32.24%) and yolk diameter (13.44%) values measured by digital image analysis, in comparison to values obtained with the conventional method. In result, it was demonstrated that egg quality characteristics could be determined by digital image analysis, in close correspondence with the conventional method, provided that devices equipped with measurement scales and images with reference points are used. Özet Bu çalışma, farklı kanatlı türlerinde yumurta kalite özelliklerinin sayısal görüntü analizi ile belirlenebilmesinin araştırılması amacıyla yürütüldü. Çalışmada bıldırcın (Coturnix coturnix japonica), kaya keklik (Alectoris graeca), halkalı sülün (Phasianus colchicus) ve tavuk (Denizli x Leghorn) türlerine ait yumurtalar kullanıldı. Yumurta kalite özelliklerine ait değerler klasik metot ve sayısal görüntü analizi metotlarıyla belirlendi. Sayısal görüntü analizi ile yumurta boyu, yumurta eni ve şekil endeksine ait değerler bütün yumurtalarda klasik metot değerine genel olarak %98.44-98.54 oranları arasında yakın saptandı. İç kalite özelliklerinden ak yükseklik (%32.24) ve sarı çapı (%13.44) değerleri sayısal görüntü analizi ile klasik metottan yüksek hata oranında belirlendi. Sonuç olarak sayısal görüntü analiz metoduyla ölçüm skalasına sahip düzenekler ve referans noktasına sahip görüntüler kullanılarak yumurta kalite özellik değerlerinin klasik metoda oldukça yakın olarak belirlenebileceği ortaya konuldu. Eggs not only constitute an important protein source for a balanced diet, but are also significant in terms of the reproduction and continuity of poultry species. In this context, the term " egg quality " refers to these two main features of eggs and their indicative criteria. Egg quality standards require that table eggs are clean such that their consumption does not pose any risk for human health and that they remain intact. On the other hand, the quality of hatching eggs bears significance for embryonic development. For, embryonic development depends on the presence of an egg shell of adequate thickness and porosity; the existence of an airspace at the blunt pole of the egg; the nutritional value (wholesomeness) of the egg yolk and the protection provided by the albumen 1,2. Therefore, egg quality and the mainte

This paper presents a new method for whole-field stress analysis based on a symbiosis of two techniques—classical photoelasticity and modern digital image analysis. The resulting method is called ‘half-fringe photoelasticity (HFP)’. Classical photoelasticity demands materials with high birefringence, which leads to extensive use of plastics as model materials. Since the behavior of these materials is often different from that of the prototype materials, their use distorts the similitude relationships. In many contemporary problems this distortion is untenable. HFP offers a way out of this dilemma. It permits materials and loads to be chosen so that no more than one half of a fringe order appears in the area of interest. Thus, for example, glass, which behaves linearly up to high stress levels and over a wide range of temperatures, could be used as model material. Alternatively, models from polymeric materials could be used under very low load in order to stay within the linear part of the stress-strain diagram and to prevent large deformations. The half-fringe-photoelasticity system, which is described here, utilizes the resulting low levels of birefringence for effective stress analysis. This paper describes the system. It outlines a calibration routine and illustrates its application to two simple problems using glass models.