Observation

PurposeAdjuvant chemotherapy for resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now accepted on the basis of several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that demonstrated improved survival. Although there is strong evidence that adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in stages II and IIIA NSCLC, its utility in stage IB disease is unclear. This report provides a mature analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9633, the only RCT designed specifically for stage IB NSCLC.Patients and MethodsWithin 4 to 8 weeks of resection, patients were randomly assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy or observation. Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed T2N0 NSCLC and had undergone lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel 200 mg/m2intravenously over 3 hours and carboplatin at an area under the curve dose of 6 mg/mL per minute intravenously over 45 to 60 minutes every 3 weeks for four cycles. The primary end point was overall survival.ResultsThree hundred-forty-four patients...

Computerised clinical decision support systems (CDSS) are increasingly being used by nurses to support their clinical practice. One of the factors which may affect how nurses use technology such as CDSS may be their clinical experience. This paper uses data from a wider study examining how nurses use CDSS to examine the role of experience in nurses' use of CDSS. Data was drawn from two sources; a secondary analysis of interviews from a study examining nurses' use of CDSS in telephone triage and the analysis of observations and interviews of nurses using CDSS in two case sites. Two themes arose from the analysis of the data; the integration of knowledge from CDSS and how experience affects CDSS use. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to our knowledge of the characteristics of the development of expertise in nursing.

A rootbox is described which allows observation of an intact, entire root system. Roots are sandwiched against a plexiglass surface by a nylon mesh that is impermeable to roots, but permeable to water and nutrients. To quantify root growth non-destructively, roots of different size classes are traced onto acetate sheets using different color pens, and root lengths determined by digital image analysis.

... This is shown as the following mark: ... Death is the only truth in our life. The body of your abbu [father] has disappeared but he will continue to be with us as a golden part of our memory and source of inspiration to be right when everything else seems wrong. Be his soul in peace. ...

People's behaviours play an important role in energy consumption, especially whilst dealing with high consumption, highly interactive appliances such as cookers. In a user observation study conducted among university students, participants were asked to perform a simple cooking task. Their behaviours were analysed and compared with a set of recommended practices. The electricity usage and time to complete the activity were also measured. The results show that participants performed in several different ways, presenting diverse ...

Many studies have investigated the relationship between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases but their results are heterogeneous. Meta-analyses were conducted to examine the association between exposure to periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases. Studies published between 1989 and 2007 were retrieved from seven databases. The included articles reported the results from observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies) and assessed the link between periodontal exposure and cardiovascular diseases as confirmed by one of the following criteria: diagnosed coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, mortality caused by cardiac pathology. The study characteristics were abstracted by independent researchers following a standardised protocol. The MOOSE guidelines for meta-analysis of observational studies were followed. From 215 epidemiological studies, 47 were observational, of which 29 articles could be combined by the meta-analysis m...

A coaching philosophy is a personal doctrine, or individual set of experiences and values, that guides a coach’s beliefs, actions, and coaching style (Huber, 2013). The humanistic coaching philosophy involves a collaborative coach/athlete process which considers individual athlete differences, abilities, and goals, with the long-term aim of developing a self-confident and selfregulated athlete (Lyle, 1999). Opposite of the traditional model where success is determined by wins or losses, within the humanistic approach winning is redefined so that the process is emphasized and achievement of individual athlete goals indicates success. Through coach interviews, athlete interviews, training session observations, and artifact collection, the aim of this case study was to explore the coaching philosophy and methods of a successful men’s NCAA Division I cross country coach and explore to what extent they are humanistic. Definition of success emerged as a primary theme where results indicat...

First robot-staff hotel launched in Japan in 2015 brings up the awareness of human-less hotel service. Prior studies have been investigating on robot usability, productivity improvement by robot, employee perceptions towards robot and the overall perceptions towards robot. However, the customer attitude towards robot appearance and their interaction were overlooked. This study adopted behavioural observations to investigate the action and reaction on customer behaviour towards hotel robotic staff in Japan. Findings indicated visitors have smiley face when they saw the robot but then keep a distance. When they first interact with the robot staff as they treat robot as a human stranger so they show hesitation to interact. More than half of the observees expressed compliment responses when they first saw the robot receptionists. The robot in the hotel is still at presentation level without comprehensive interactive ability.

La preocupacion del hombre en observar el cielo para conocer la influencia de los astros en los ciclos vegetativos ha existido desde siempre. El saber popular nos ha dejado en la tradicion una rica y variada metodologia para pronosticar el tiempo a traves de la observacion del clima en determinados dias del ano. Con diversas variantes, entre las que destaca la observacion de los ciclos de la luna, las Cabanuelas se nos presentan como el metodo popular de prediccion meteorologica por antonomasia, abarcando una interesante riqueza costumbrista que esta presente en todas las civilizaciones y en todos los momentos de la Historia, hasta nuestros dias. Al margen de comprobaciones mas o menos cientificas, las Cabanuelas se encuentran tan arraigadas en nuestra cultura popular que merecen, al menos, el respeto de los escepticos.