Sanchita Chatterjee

Human trafficking is a complex problem that exists for generations. Both during and after crises like Covid-19, human trafficking thrives to survive while damaging aspects of developmental activities. However, such factors increase the vulnerability of several groups to potential trafficking during a crisis. The situation of medical emergency can put some people in situations where their families' safety is jeopardised. The paper discusses the dynamics of human trafficking with its extended vulnerabilities due to the global pandemic of Covid-19. It also identifies several factors that heighten the insecurity of the vulnerable population in India within countries of origin, transit and dest ination. It also seeks to understand on how economic instability triggered by the pandemic created a huge loophole within the governmental structure that created fresh conditions of susceptibility in the huge informal labour market in the region.

Human trafficking, for the manipulation of migrant labour, is a violation of human rights. The spike in human trafficking is partly due to the rapid expansion of labour migration in the neoliberal period. The former Soviet zone has become one of the world's major human migration sections in the last decade. The article analyses the case of migration and trafficking in Tajikistan as remittances amounted to nearly half of the country's gross domestic product. In Tajikistan, lack of economic prospects, increasing poverty level, presence of blurred boundaries, leads to the cycle of illicit migration flows which resulted in human trafficking. Human trafficking is a multidimensional issue exacerbated in the countries of destination by poverty and gaps in economic openings versus unmet labour hassles and stern migration commandments. The migration of the Tajik people shortly began after the independence of the country and largely to support subsistence to the families leaving behin...

Human trafficking, for the manipulation of migrant labour, is a violation of human rights. The spike in human trafficking is partly due to the rapid expansion of labour migration in the neoliberal period. The former Soviet zone has become one of the world's major human migration sections in
the last decade. The article analyses the case of migration and  trafficking in Tajikistan as remittances amounted to nearly half of the country's gross domestic product. In Tajikistan, lack of economic prospects, increasing poverty level, presence of blurred boundaries, leads to the cycle of illicit migration flows which resulted in human trafficking. Human trafficking is a multidimensional issue exacerbated in the countries of destination by poverty and gaps in economic openings versus unmet labour hassles and stern migration commandments. The migration of the Tajik people shortly began after the independence of the country and largely to support subsistence to the families leaving behind. Majority of these migrants prefer Russian federation as their main destination to work where corruption and human trafficking problem is huge. There are limited governing bodies to regulate recruiters' activities, so migrant workers are at the mercy of recruiters who are known to charge exorbitant fees that indebted migrant worker before arriving in their destination countries. Labour trafficking is a global humanitarian issue but there is scarcely any quantitative research on the issue. This study examined labour abuse indicators among  migrant Tajik workers in the Russian Federation and the subsequent human trafficking risks with fresh vulnerabilities created by the  economic crises and the covid-19 pandemic in 2020.

After having a thriving experience from India"s Look East Policy, Indian policymakers initiated Connect Central Asia policy in 2012 to develop its relations with the energy-rich region of Central Asia which would give a boost to its foreign policy on various aspects. India"s growing concern for the development of International North-South Transport Corridor as a part of Central Asia policy linking Iran with other Central Asian countries bypassing Pakistan is a major competition between china"s developments of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). India"s engagement to develop Chabahar port in Iran bypassing Pakistan to improve its relation with Central Asia is a very good alternative to improve economic engagement with the Central Asian countries which have a huge hydropower potential.