Papers
Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, Dec 26, 2022
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The Holocene, 2022
In the lowlands and uplands of Central Europe, which were inhabited continuously from the very st... more In the lowlands and uplands of Central Europe, which were inhabited continuously from the very start of the Holocene to the present times, it is difficult to find territories suitable for investigation of natural baselines. For this reason, we picked the complicated rocky terrain of one upland area in NE Bohemia called Adrspach because, based on the absence of archeological finds, it was supposed to have never been deforested or managed by people. The remote and inhospitable character of this particular area further encouraged this assumption. To our great surprise, however, high-resolution pollen analyses, supplemented by analyses of non-pollen palynomorphs and microscopic charcoals reveals that the local forest ecosystem had a dynamic development over entire Holocene. We were able to correlate this high-resolution understanding of vegetation successions with repeated fire disturbances. Was this fire disturbance dynamic natural? Subsequent archeological exploration and excavation i...
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Quaternary International, 2021
The northern Bohemian sandstone region brings an exceptionally rich record of Mesolithic settleme... more The northern Bohemian sandstone region brings an exceptionally rich record of Mesolithic settlement, particularly in the form of fireplaces as key structures to be studied when addressing cooking and consumption practices. A large number of different fireplace structures – including kettle-shaped pits and surface or sunken fireplaces, some lined with stones – can be interpreted in terms of performing roasting, boiling, steaming or smoking procedures. The organic remains directly associated with them reveal which resources were exploited and almost certainly consumed, although in many cases they seem to have been discarded into the fire after processing. A Mesolithic inland settlement of northern Bohemia was undoubtedly economically based on the exploitation of plant and animal resources occurring in varied local forest and river environments. According to the evidence, hazelnuts were a staple component of the plant diet, probably processed using roasting hearths. Some fireplaces als...
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Environmental Archaeology
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Památky archeologické
The main objective of the article is to present knowledge of newly discovered sites in the mounta... more The main objective of the article is to present knowledge of newly discovered sites in the mountainous environment of Šumava (Bohemian Forest). The fieldwork in 2011–2019 identified a total of 30 new sites that can be dated to the Late Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. The research of prehistoric settlement of the mountainous regions of Bohemia remained a neglected topic for many years. The presence of hunters-gatherers in the mountains in the Mesolithic was documented by isolated finds from the Ore Mountains and a far greater number from Šumava in south Bohemia. This study presents the result of research conducted in three identified locations: in the floodplains of the Roklanský Stream, the Upper Vltava (Moldau) and the Křemelná Stream. The article documents that the network of sites in this space is relatively dense. Although remnants of intact situations are documented in rare cases, the dating of the majority of sites is based solely on lithic assemblages of varying size. Du...
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Archeologické rozhledy, 2018
The article expands the existing modest knowledge of the Neolithic occupation of south Bohemia. T... more The article expands the existing modest knowledge of the Neolithic occupation of south Bohemia. The core of the work is an analysis of assemblages from excavations of the Dehtáře and Radčice settlement areas and at the newly discovered site of Mažice conducted in the 2015 and 2016. Analyses of the pottery decoration and radiocarbon dating confirmed occupation in the Šárka phase of the Linear Pottery culture. Simultane ously, the dominant use of chert of the Ortenburger Jura was proven in this period for the production of chipped stone tools. Analyses of basic categories of finds create a framework for the revision of the super regional contacts of the south Bohemian Neolithic population. The strong connection between south Bohe mia and the eastern part of the Bavarian Danube Region and settlement in the vicinity of the Austrian city of Linz was recorded for the late phase of the Linear Pottery culture. Focusing the north Třeboň Basin region, the possible coexistence of huntergatherer and agricultural communities is also discussed.
Příspěvek rozšiřuje dosavadní skromné poznatky o neolitickém osídlení jižních Čech. Jádrem práce je ana lýza nálezových souborů z výzkumů sídelních areálů v Dehtářích, Radčicích a na nově objevené lokalitě Mažice uskutečněných v sezonách 2015 a 2016. Analýza keramického materiálu a radiokarbonová datace potvrdily osídlení v šáreckém stupni kultury s lineární keramikou (LnK). Zároveň bylo v tomto období ve výrobě štípaných kamenných nástrojů prokázáno dominantní užívání rohovců ortenburské jury. Analýzy základních kategorií nálezů dále tvoří rámec pro revizi nadregionálních kontaktů jihočeských neolitiků. Zvláště pro pozdní stupeň LnK bylo zaznamenáno silné propojení jižních Čech s východní částí bavorského Podunají a osídlením v okolí rakouského Lince. Na příkladu severního Třeboňska je taktéž diskutována možná koexistence loveckosběračských a zemědělských komunit.
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The paper is focused on the period of cultural change at the turn of 6th and 5th millennia BC, wh... more The paper is focused on the period of cultural change at the turn of 6th and 5th millennia BC, when the uniform Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) occupying an extensive area disintegrated in several local groups or cultures, including the Stroked Pottery Culture (SBK) emerging in the regions of Bohemia and Saxony. The data comprising pottery, animal bones, lithics, as well as architectural attributes from Hrdlovka site, situated in northwest Bohemia, are presented. In accordance with the sites of Hrbovice-Chabařovice and DresdenProhlis a rather uninterrupted LBK/SBK transition has been observed, which contrasts with the image of “LBK crisis” observed in other regions. Lithics production and distribution networks of raw material seem to be stable. The change in stockkeeping strategies correlating with the transitional period are considered rather as modification of local environmental conditions. On the level of households, a similar architectural development has been documented at the Hrdlovka and Dresden-Prohlis sites. The processes of LBK/SBK transition in terms of cultural change are also discussed.
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This paper discusses the grinding stones deposit in feature 838 from the Neolithic site of Hrdlov... more This paper discusses the grinding stones deposit in feature 838 from the Neolithic site of Hrdlovka, northwest Bohemia, which spatially interferes with the longhouse 8 ground plan. According to the relative chronology, based on an analysis of the ceramics recovered from feature 838, the context belongs to the Late SBK, the last phase of Neolithic occupation of this settlement. The grinding tools were subjected to starch analysis, which proved that they were used prior to their deposition, as
evidenced also by macrolithic stone analysis that stated, that the grinding tools were used, broken and one was even burnt. The paper discusses the possible relationship between feature 838 and longhouse 8. The possibility of building offering, which represents a phenomenon known also from other Neolithic
settlement areas, is also discussed. The paper further presents hypothetical 3D images of longhouse 8 by presenting two versions of its virtual reconstruction that emphasise the presence of the grinding stones deposit and its possible importance.
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The article presents the methodological approach used in the case of a Neolithic building complex... more The article presents the methodological approach used in the case of a Neolithic building complex, where the subject of investigation is the long tripartite house III from the Hrdlovka site in the Czech Republic. A method of chronological analysis is suggested and demonstrated. The site located in northwest
Bohemia was excavated in the area of an open-cast mine between the years 1987 and 1990 as part of a rescue excavation. The house is an extraordinarily long building of a slightly trapezoid shape with a length of 47.5 m. Archaeological assemblages originating from sunken features around the
building enabled the formulation of the relative chronology, based on data acquired from ceramic fragments decoration, supported by a multivariate analysis. An analysis of ceramics individuals, lithics and animal bones combined with radiocarbon data made several argumentation steps possible,
attempting to shed some light on the house III chronological position with respect to the transitional Linear Pottery Culture/Stroked Pottery Culture (LBK IV/SBK I) period. The majority of the sunken features appertain to the house unit; however, certain sunken features in the chosen 5 perimeter were assigned as chronologically unrelated. Analysis of lithics recorded the use of local quartzite and northern Bohemian metabasite, while the investigation of animal bones detected a common structure of a domestic herd. Finally, the extraordinarily large house itself is discussed, representing an example of huge Neolithic architecture, which may have demonstrated prestige and power.
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Papaver Centre was constituted in 2013 at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Cz... more Papaver Centre was constituted in 2013 at the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Czech Republic. The name of centre represents common and interesting genus of plants which is distributed from Northern Africa across Europe to the polar latitudes. The aim of the Papaver Centre is to develop ties within the interdisciplinary team consisting of paleoecologists, archaeologists, and vegetation ecologists in order to create an effective space for the study of climatic, cultural as well as landscape changes. This paper describes recent educational and scientific activities of the centre. One of main results is realization series of international lectures of top scientists, which substantially improved capabilities of members in the Laboratory of Archaeobotany and Palaeoecology.
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The present work attempts to provide an understanding of the issue of Mesolithic archaeobotany, e... more The present work attempts to provide an understanding of the issue of Mesolithic archaeobotany, especially in terms of plant use, woodland clearance, and a discussion concerning Mesolithic agriculture. Plant use patterns in hunter-gatherers are also presented and discussed. Special attention is
paid to taxa occurring within archaeological context at Mesolithic sites in Europe, particularly in the Czech Republic, along with ethnobotanical evidence for their use.
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The changes in Central Europe at the end of the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) are one of the most ... more The changes in Central Europe at the end of the Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) are one of the most discussed issues in recent Neolithic archaeology. The initial uniformity, which was reflected in some aspects of material culture, seems to have fallen apart into smaller regional cultures. This paper aims to present recently analysed Stroked Pottery Culture (SBK) material from the Hrdlovka and Hrobčice sites (Teplice district), in the Czech Republic. Ceramics, lithics and animal bones have been analysed at the chronological levels of Early and Late SBK. For comparison, other Northwest Bohemian contemporary sites with a sufficient amount of finds and state of processing have been chosen: Hrbovice and Vchynice, and partly also Mšeno. Within this framework, uniformity in ceramic decoration is reported in Early SBK, while greater variability is observed in Late SBK. The evidence for inter-regional contact is also documented. The ceramic assemblage from the Hrobčice site shows a relationship to some Polish regions, represented by Samborzec-Opatów or, more likely, Malice group vessel.
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The present work provides a literature review of the Neolithisation process in Central Europe. Ce... more The present work provides a literature review of the Neolithisation process in Central Europe. Certain particular aspects including genetics, stable isotope analysis, lithic studies, and demography have been dealt with in order to obtain the clearest possible picture of the process. It has become clear that the spread of agriculture involved a variety of mechanisms and cannot be merely explained by a simple model of migration or acculturation. In conclusion it will be argued that there is evidence which points to contact and interaction between local hunter gatherers and the earliest farming communities. It has recently become increasingly apparent that such a scenario provides a plausible explanation for the situation in the Czech Republic, where the spread of farming had traditionally been accepted as an example of agricultural colonization by farmers of LBK.
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Book chapters
This contribution aims to point out some basic issues connected with the Neolithic longhouse phen... more This contribution aims to point out some basic issues connected with the Neolithic longhouse phenomenon, focusing on the central European territory and its relation to the area of its origin. Chronologically, the work deals with the LBK (Linearbandkeramik) and its tradition, further developed by the
succeeding SBK (Stichbandkeramik). The issues mentioned above are briefly discussed on the basis of the literature and our own data from the Neolithic site of Hrdlovka, Czech Republic.
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Posters
IWGP 2022 poster, 2021
It is an honour and pleasure to invite you to the 19th Conference of the International Work Group... more It is an honour and pleasure to invite you to the 19th Conference of the International Work Group for Palaeoethnobotany (IWGP) which will be held in České Budějovice (Budweis in German), the capital of South Bohemia region and centre of academic life.
We are honoured to welcome you to the city founded by the Bohemian King Přemysl Otakar II in 1265 on the confluence of the Rivers Malše and Vltava (Moldau). The historic centre of the city offers beautiful scenery, inviting for walks and visits nice historical monuments. The city is world-famous for Budweiser beer, but also for the production of quality Kooh-i-Noor pencils.
IWGP in České Budějovice will offer the results of archaeobotanical research on a global scale at a time that is characterized in our field as a time of integration of many special methods and collaborating disciplines. You are very welcome at this conference and in our university city. We firmly hope that we will continue the rich tradition of our field and that we will meet in good health on scientific topics and in a friendly atmosphere.
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Papers - Medieval and Postmedieval Archaeology
Paper with Czech and German summary deals with topic of the archaeopark Netolice, South Bohemia, ... more Paper with Czech and German summary deals with topic of the archaeopark Netolice, South Bohemia, Czech Republic, which is developed by teachers and students of archaeology at the University of South Bohemia. The park is situated directly on the early medieval hillfort Na Jánu in Netolice and is constructed by method of direct reconstruction.
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Books and Chapter in Books
In 2022, the 19th IWGP conference in České Budějovice offered the results of archaeobotanical res... more In 2022, the 19th IWGP conference in České Budějovice offered the results of archaeobotanical research on a global scale at a time characterized in our field as a time of integration of many special methods and collaborating disciplines. The Abstract Book offers primary information on topics and results. The scope of archaeobotanical research today is far broader, both geographically and methodologically, than it was at the beginnings of this scientific discipline. The current research builds on a strong foundation laid by decades of previous research, and rich connections with specialists across archaeology, evolutionary ecology, and paleoecology. The 19th IWGP conference will be hosted in České Budějovice, and it will follow a long tradition of focusing on plant macrofossils. Nonetheless, the scientific committee seeks to promote intra-disciplinary archaeobotanical research by including studies that effectively integrate macrobotanical methods with other lines of evidence. For example, we encourage the submission of abstracts for studies that take an ethnoarchaeological approach and lean on ethnobotany for the interpretation of the archaeobotanical record. Archaeobotany is today and has long been a foundational method in the archaeological sciences, and macrobotanical, as well as microbotanical analyses, have proven to be indispensable tools for the reconstruction of past landscapes and subsistence strategies. Broader scope and greater integration between methods will allow for the acquisition of wider archaeobotanical knowledge.
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Uploads
Příspěvek rozšiřuje dosavadní skromné poznatky o neolitickém osídlení jižních Čech. Jádrem práce je ana lýza nálezových souborů z výzkumů sídelních areálů v Dehtářích, Radčicích a na nově objevené lokalitě Mažice uskutečněných v sezonách 2015 a 2016. Analýza keramického materiálu a radiokarbonová datace potvrdily osídlení v šáreckém stupni kultury s lineární keramikou (LnK). Zároveň bylo v tomto období ve výrobě štípaných kamenných nástrojů prokázáno dominantní užívání rohovců ortenburské jury. Analýzy základních kategorií nálezů dále tvoří rámec pro revizi nadregionálních kontaktů jihočeských neolitiků. Zvláště pro pozdní stupeň LnK bylo zaznamenáno silné propojení jižních Čech s východní částí bavorského Podunají a osídlením v okolí rakouského Lince. Na příkladu severního Třeboňska je taktéž diskutována možná koexistence loveckosběračských a zemědělských komunit.
evidenced also by macrolithic stone analysis that stated, that the grinding tools were used, broken and one was even burnt. The paper discusses the possible relationship between feature 838 and longhouse 8. The possibility of building offering, which represents a phenomenon known also from other Neolithic
settlement areas, is also discussed. The paper further presents hypothetical 3D images of longhouse 8 by presenting two versions of its virtual reconstruction that emphasise the presence of the grinding stones deposit and its possible importance.
Bohemia was excavated in the area of an open-cast mine between the years 1987 and 1990 as part of a rescue excavation. The house is an extraordinarily long building of a slightly trapezoid shape with a length of 47.5 m. Archaeological assemblages originating from sunken features around the
building enabled the formulation of the relative chronology, based on data acquired from ceramic fragments decoration, supported by a multivariate analysis. An analysis of ceramics individuals, lithics and animal bones combined with radiocarbon data made several argumentation steps possible,
attempting to shed some light on the house III chronological position with respect to the transitional Linear Pottery Culture/Stroked Pottery Culture (LBK IV/SBK I) period. The majority of the sunken features appertain to the house unit; however, certain sunken features in the chosen 5 perimeter were assigned as chronologically unrelated. Analysis of lithics recorded the use of local quartzite and northern Bohemian metabasite, while the investigation of animal bones detected a common structure of a domestic herd. Finally, the extraordinarily large house itself is discussed, representing an example of huge Neolithic architecture, which may have demonstrated prestige and power.
paid to taxa occurring within archaeological context at Mesolithic sites in Europe, particularly in the Czech Republic, along with ethnobotanical evidence for their use.
succeeding SBK (Stichbandkeramik). The issues mentioned above are briefly discussed on the basis of the literature and our own data from the Neolithic site of Hrdlovka, Czech Republic.
We are honoured to welcome you to the city founded by the Bohemian King Přemysl Otakar II in 1265 on the confluence of the Rivers Malše and Vltava (Moldau). The historic centre of the city offers beautiful scenery, inviting for walks and visits nice historical monuments. The city is world-famous for Budweiser beer, but also for the production of quality Kooh-i-Noor pencils.
IWGP in České Budějovice will offer the results of archaeobotanical research on a global scale at a time that is characterized in our field as a time of integration of many special methods and collaborating disciplines. You are very welcome at this conference and in our university city. We firmly hope that we will continue the rich tradition of our field and that we will meet in good health on scientific topics and in a friendly atmosphere.
Příspěvek rozšiřuje dosavadní skromné poznatky o neolitickém osídlení jižních Čech. Jádrem práce je ana lýza nálezových souborů z výzkumů sídelních areálů v Dehtářích, Radčicích a na nově objevené lokalitě Mažice uskutečněných v sezonách 2015 a 2016. Analýza keramického materiálu a radiokarbonová datace potvrdily osídlení v šáreckém stupni kultury s lineární keramikou (LnK). Zároveň bylo v tomto období ve výrobě štípaných kamenných nástrojů prokázáno dominantní užívání rohovců ortenburské jury. Analýzy základních kategorií nálezů dále tvoří rámec pro revizi nadregionálních kontaktů jihočeských neolitiků. Zvláště pro pozdní stupeň LnK bylo zaznamenáno silné propojení jižních Čech s východní částí bavorského Podunají a osídlením v okolí rakouského Lince. Na příkladu severního Třeboňska je taktéž diskutována možná koexistence loveckosběračských a zemědělských komunit.
evidenced also by macrolithic stone analysis that stated, that the grinding tools were used, broken and one was even burnt. The paper discusses the possible relationship between feature 838 and longhouse 8. The possibility of building offering, which represents a phenomenon known also from other Neolithic
settlement areas, is also discussed. The paper further presents hypothetical 3D images of longhouse 8 by presenting two versions of its virtual reconstruction that emphasise the presence of the grinding stones deposit and its possible importance.
Bohemia was excavated in the area of an open-cast mine between the years 1987 and 1990 as part of a rescue excavation. The house is an extraordinarily long building of a slightly trapezoid shape with a length of 47.5 m. Archaeological assemblages originating from sunken features around the
building enabled the formulation of the relative chronology, based on data acquired from ceramic fragments decoration, supported by a multivariate analysis. An analysis of ceramics individuals, lithics and animal bones combined with radiocarbon data made several argumentation steps possible,
attempting to shed some light on the house III chronological position with respect to the transitional Linear Pottery Culture/Stroked Pottery Culture (LBK IV/SBK I) period. The majority of the sunken features appertain to the house unit; however, certain sunken features in the chosen 5 perimeter were assigned as chronologically unrelated. Analysis of lithics recorded the use of local quartzite and northern Bohemian metabasite, while the investigation of animal bones detected a common structure of a domestic herd. Finally, the extraordinarily large house itself is discussed, representing an example of huge Neolithic architecture, which may have demonstrated prestige and power.
paid to taxa occurring within archaeological context at Mesolithic sites in Europe, particularly in the Czech Republic, along with ethnobotanical evidence for their use.
succeeding SBK (Stichbandkeramik). The issues mentioned above are briefly discussed on the basis of the literature and our own data from the Neolithic site of Hrdlovka, Czech Republic.
We are honoured to welcome you to the city founded by the Bohemian King Přemysl Otakar II in 1265 on the confluence of the Rivers Malše and Vltava (Moldau). The historic centre of the city offers beautiful scenery, inviting for walks and visits nice historical monuments. The city is world-famous for Budweiser beer, but also for the production of quality Kooh-i-Noor pencils.
IWGP in České Budějovice will offer the results of archaeobotanical research on a global scale at a time that is characterized in our field as a time of integration of many special methods and collaborating disciplines. You are very welcome at this conference and in our university city. We firmly hope that we will continue the rich tradition of our field and that we will meet in good health on scientific topics and in a friendly atmosphere.
This book presents a complex analysis of the Hrdlovka Neolithic settlement in Northwest Bohemia (Czech Republic). As the site was occupied without interruption from the Linear Pottery (Linearbandkeramik, LBK) to the Stroked Pottery (Stichbandkeramik, SBK) phase, development of many phenomena could be observed in the long-term perspective, especially the Neolithic longhouse architecture. With many well-preserved LBK and post-LBK longhouse ground plans and recorded constructional details, the Hrdlovka site can be regarded as one of the best examples of Neolithic architecture in Central Europe.
which are mainly focused on the issues of paleoecology, archaeobotany and archaeozoology. The present paper discusses the teaching of environmental archaeology and projects focusing on Europe,
but also on some areas of Africa. The text provides background information on the teaching and research projects that have taken place over the last ten years, but also on the research and scientific directions that the department is currently pursuing.