A. Willemsen und H. Kik (Hrsg.), Dorestad and its networks. Communities, Contact and Conflict in Early Medieval Europe. Papers on Archaeology from the Leiden Museum of Antiquities 25, 2021
Computed Tomographic Measurements on the Early Imperial Roman Shields from Kalkriese (Lkr. Osnabr... more Computed Tomographic Measurements on the Early Imperial Roman Shields from Kalkriese (Lkr. Osnabrück). New Conclusions about the Construction, Production and Advantages of Roman Plywood Shields. The shield edge fragments from Kalkriese have been known and published for years. New scientific methods have made it possible for the first time to examine the individual layers of the plywood shields non-invasively and much more precisely than before. The results obtained allow a new perspective on the production and design of Roman plywood shields and open up possibilities for comparison with finds from other regions. Three core theses could be worked out: 1) it must be assumed that the plywood shields were considerably lighter; 2) for this reason the use of the shield in battle must be reconsidered; 3) the shield edges with remnants of silver foil decoration prove that decorated weapons were used in battle.
In: Hieb- und stichfest. Waffenkunde und Living History. Festschrift für Alfred Geibig. Jahrbuch der Coburger Landesstiftung 63 (Petersberg 2019) 47-59., 2019
Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht Formen und Verwendung von Schilden und Schildbuckeln von der v... more Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht Formen und Verwendung von Schilden und Schildbuckeln von der vorrömischen Eisenzeit bis ans Ende des Frühmittelalters. Der geographische Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Nordeuropa, dem römischen Reich sowie dem Karolingerreich und dem angelsächsischen Raum.
In: L. Deutscher/ M. Kaiser /S. Wetzler (Hrsg.), The Sword: Form and Thought. [Proceedings of the second Sword Conference 19/20 November 2015 Deutsches Klingenmuseum Solingen] (Woodbridge 2019) 61-88., 2019
Throughout history armour and weapons have been not merely the preserve of the warrior in battles... more Throughout history armour and weapons have been not merely the preserve of the warrior in battles and warfare, but potent symbols in their own right (the sword of chivalry, the heraldic shield) representing the hunt and hall as well as the battlefield. This series aims to provide a forum for critical studies of all aspects of arms and armour and their technologies, from the end of the Roman Empire to the dawn of the modern world; both new research and works of synthesis are encouraged.
In the literature about swords, their use has predominantly not been analysed. This article tries... more In the literature about swords, their use has predominantly not been analysed. This article tries to reconstruct some aspects of the use of Viking Age swords from Northern and Eastern Europe. The reconstruction is based on biomechanics, martial arts principles, late medieval fencing books and
VLFBERHT or ULFBERHT is the most frequent inscription on Viking Age sword blades. The majority of... more VLFBERHT or ULFBERHT is the most frequent inscription on Viking Age sword blades. The majority of these swords have been found in Scandinavia, much less in the Frankish Empire so that it might seem that they have been produced in Scandinavia. But this is most probably a result of different burial customs. The blades were most probably produced in
ABSTRACTLuristan Iron Mask Swords have been recovered mostly from illegal diggings in the 1920s. ... more ABSTRACTLuristan Iron Mask Swords have been recovered mostly from illegal diggings in the 1920s. The about 90 known objects are characterized by a disk-shaped pommel on the top of the handle with two mounted bearded heads on two sides. According to the similarity in form and radiocarbon (14C) measurements on two swords from museum collections, an overall short production period was assumed around 1000 BC (Moorey 1991; Rehder 1991). Here we present the results of metallurgical analysis and 14C measurements for three newly acquired Luristan swords, which were donated to the Royal Museums of Art & History, Brussels. Metallurgical analysis indicates an iron production via the bloomary furnace technique. Analyzed samples show large slag inclusions (Fayalite, Wüstite, glass) within a mostly ferritic and pearlitic iron. The carbon contents varied between 0.2 wt% to around 0.8 wt%). 14C measurements on thermally extracted carbon give 14C ages between 2800 BP–3360 BP (calibrated ∼1745 BC–900...
Heidemarie Eilbracht, Orsolya Heinrich-Tamáska, Barbara Niemeyer, Ina Reiche und Hans-Ulrich Voß (Hrsg.), Über den Glanz des Goldes und die Polychromie. Technische Vielfalt und kulturelle Bedeutung vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Metallarbeiten (Bonn 2018) 351-362., 2018
Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica 49 (2017), 137-187, 2017
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden vier Schwerter aus der Sammlung des Museums für Vor- und Frühgesch... more Im vorliegenden Artikel werden vier Schwerter aus der Sammlung des Museums für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin behandelt. Drei davon stammen aus der Prussia-Sammlung, eins wurde aus Privatbesitz angekauft. Alle vier Schwerter zeigen auf ihren Klingen eine VLFBERHT-Inschrift.
F. Biermann, T. Kersting und A. Klammt (Hrsg.), Religion & Gesellschaft im nördlichen westslawischen Raum. [Beiträge der Sektion zur slawischen Frühgeschichte, 22. Jahrestagung des Mittel- und Ostdeutschen Verbandes für Altertumsforschung, Chemnitz, 29.-31. März 2016] (Langenweissbach 2017) 221-230., 2017
F. Biermann, T. Kersting und A. Klammt (Hrsg.), Die frühen Slawen – von der Expansion zu gentes und nationes. Teil 2: Allgemeine Beiträge [Beiträge der Sektion zur slawischen Frühgeschichte des 8. Deutschen Archäologiekongresses in Berlin, 06.-10. Oktober 2014] (Langenweissbach 2016) 181-192., 2016
Sunhild Kleingärtner, Timothy P. Newield, Sébastien Rossignol und Donat Wehner (Hrsg.), Landscapes and Societies in Medieval Europe East of the Elbe. Interactions Between Environmental Settings and Cultural Transformations (Toronto 2013)
A. Willemsen und H. Kik (Hrsg.), Dorestad and its networks. Communities, Contact and Conflict in Early Medieval Europe. Papers on Archaeology from the Leiden Museum of Antiquities 25, 2021
Computed Tomographic Measurements on the Early Imperial Roman Shields from Kalkriese (Lkr. Osnabr... more Computed Tomographic Measurements on the Early Imperial Roman Shields from Kalkriese (Lkr. Osnabrück). New Conclusions about the Construction, Production and Advantages of Roman Plywood Shields. The shield edge fragments from Kalkriese have been known and published for years. New scientific methods have made it possible for the first time to examine the individual layers of the plywood shields non-invasively and much more precisely than before. The results obtained allow a new perspective on the production and design of Roman plywood shields and open up possibilities for comparison with finds from other regions. Three core theses could be worked out: 1) it must be assumed that the plywood shields were considerably lighter; 2) for this reason the use of the shield in battle must be reconsidered; 3) the shield edges with remnants of silver foil decoration prove that decorated weapons were used in battle.
In: Hieb- und stichfest. Waffenkunde und Living History. Festschrift für Alfred Geibig. Jahrbuch der Coburger Landesstiftung 63 (Petersberg 2019) 47-59., 2019
Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht Formen und Verwendung von Schilden und Schildbuckeln von der v... more Der vorliegende Artikel untersucht Formen und Verwendung von Schilden und Schildbuckeln von der vorrömischen Eisenzeit bis ans Ende des Frühmittelalters. Der geographische Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf Nordeuropa, dem römischen Reich sowie dem Karolingerreich und dem angelsächsischen Raum.
In: L. Deutscher/ M. Kaiser /S. Wetzler (Hrsg.), The Sword: Form and Thought. [Proceedings of the second Sword Conference 19/20 November 2015 Deutsches Klingenmuseum Solingen] (Woodbridge 2019) 61-88., 2019
Throughout history armour and weapons have been not merely the preserve of the warrior in battles... more Throughout history armour and weapons have been not merely the preserve of the warrior in battles and warfare, but potent symbols in their own right (the sword of chivalry, the heraldic shield) representing the hunt and hall as well as the battlefield. This series aims to provide a forum for critical studies of all aspects of arms and armour and their technologies, from the end of the Roman Empire to the dawn of the modern world; both new research and works of synthesis are encouraged.
In the literature about swords, their use has predominantly not been analysed. This article tries... more In the literature about swords, their use has predominantly not been analysed. This article tries to reconstruct some aspects of the use of Viking Age swords from Northern and Eastern Europe. The reconstruction is based on biomechanics, martial arts principles, late medieval fencing books and
VLFBERHT or ULFBERHT is the most frequent inscription on Viking Age sword blades. The majority of... more VLFBERHT or ULFBERHT is the most frequent inscription on Viking Age sword blades. The majority of these swords have been found in Scandinavia, much less in the Frankish Empire so that it might seem that they have been produced in Scandinavia. But this is most probably a result of different burial customs. The blades were most probably produced in
ABSTRACTLuristan Iron Mask Swords have been recovered mostly from illegal diggings in the 1920s. ... more ABSTRACTLuristan Iron Mask Swords have been recovered mostly from illegal diggings in the 1920s. The about 90 known objects are characterized by a disk-shaped pommel on the top of the handle with two mounted bearded heads on two sides. According to the similarity in form and radiocarbon (14C) measurements on two swords from museum collections, an overall short production period was assumed around 1000 BC (Moorey 1991; Rehder 1991). Here we present the results of metallurgical analysis and 14C measurements for three newly acquired Luristan swords, which were donated to the Royal Museums of Art & History, Brussels. Metallurgical analysis indicates an iron production via the bloomary furnace technique. Analyzed samples show large slag inclusions (Fayalite, Wüstite, glass) within a mostly ferritic and pearlitic iron. The carbon contents varied between 0.2 wt% to around 0.8 wt%). 14C measurements on thermally extracted carbon give 14C ages between 2800 BP–3360 BP (calibrated ∼1745 BC–900...
Heidemarie Eilbracht, Orsolya Heinrich-Tamáska, Barbara Niemeyer, Ina Reiche und Hans-Ulrich Voß (Hrsg.), Über den Glanz des Goldes und die Polychromie. Technische Vielfalt und kulturelle Bedeutung vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Metallarbeiten (Bonn 2018) 351-362., 2018
Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica 49 (2017), 137-187, 2017
Im vorliegenden Artikel werden vier Schwerter aus der Sammlung des Museums für Vor- und Frühgesch... more Im vorliegenden Artikel werden vier Schwerter aus der Sammlung des Museums für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin behandelt. Drei davon stammen aus der Prussia-Sammlung, eins wurde aus Privatbesitz angekauft. Alle vier Schwerter zeigen auf ihren Klingen eine VLFBERHT-Inschrift.
F. Biermann, T. Kersting und A. Klammt (Hrsg.), Religion & Gesellschaft im nördlichen westslawischen Raum. [Beiträge der Sektion zur slawischen Frühgeschichte, 22. Jahrestagung des Mittel- und Ostdeutschen Verbandes für Altertumsforschung, Chemnitz, 29.-31. März 2016] (Langenweissbach 2017) 221-230., 2017
F. Biermann, T. Kersting und A. Klammt (Hrsg.), Die frühen Slawen – von der Expansion zu gentes und nationes. Teil 2: Allgemeine Beiträge [Beiträge der Sektion zur slawischen Frühgeschichte des 8. Deutschen Archäologiekongresses in Berlin, 06.-10. Oktober 2014] (Langenweissbach 2016) 181-192., 2016
Sunhild Kleingärtner, Timothy P. Newield, Sébastien Rossignol und Donat Wehner (Hrsg.), Landscapes and Societies in Medieval Europe East of the Elbe. Interactions Between Environmental Settings and Cultural Transformations (Toronto 2013)
The geomagnetic survey was conducted with a 16-sensor geomagnetic survey system Magneto MX v2, pr... more The geomagnetic survey was conducted with a 16-sensor geomagnetic survey system Magneto MX v2, property of the German Archaeological Institute. A 26 ha section of the site was covered, including the complete fortification and the adjoining area to the N, E and SE. The survey documented an outer fortification wall, rectangular in plan, encompassing an area of c. 8.6 ha. In front of the fortification wall there is a 4 m wide ditch with size of c. 360 x 290 m. The inner fortification is clearly visible in the NE section of the surveyed area. It has an elongated rectangular plan oriented E-W and measures 122 x 82 m (c. 1.2 ha). The walls reached width of 2.5 m and were probably constructed with stone blocks. A large number of anomalies in the interior of this fortification indicate most likely the remains of buildings. To the E-SE of the fortification were documented traces of 2 rectangular structures, the western one disturbing the ditch, as well as isolated circular anomalies.
The Late Chalcolithic site Avren-Koriata was identified during field surveys in 2014. The site is... more The Late Chalcolithic site Avren-Koriata was identified during field surveys in 2014. The site is located at the junction of two creeks, on a promontory and a terrace with a slope to the SW (fig. 1). It consists of a small tell-like settlement with a defensive topographic position on the tip of the promontory and „off-tell“ structures situated to the E-NE of it (fig. 2). The geomagnetic survey was conducted with a geomagnetic survey system Magneto MX v2, property of the German Archaeological Institute, in a section of 3,2 ha in the “off-tell” area. Several clusters of anomalies with various shapes were recorded (fig. 3), which may be related to pits with currently unknown function (storage, ritual, for clay, graves). The higher concentration of anomalies is in the NW and SE section of the site and is possibly related to the site topography. In the E part of the surveyed area, a curved linear anomaly connects the two creeks. This feature has most probably an anthropogenic origin and may represent a fortification ditch.
Investigations in the fortified area of the settlement focused on two buildings. The burnt buildi... more Investigations in the fortified area of the settlement focused on two buildings. The burnt building of the latest period of occupation, which was partly uncovered in 2014-2015, was excavated to its floor level. The structure had an irregular rectangular plan and an area of 85-90 m2. A clay platform and a domed clay oven were located in its southwest corner, while an oval-shaped clay storage bin was uncovered in situ in its northeast part. The floor inventory was scanty, suggesting that the building was emptied and abandoned before the fire. Excavations continued in a building from an earlier phase of occupation. Here, several concentrations of smashed ceramic vessels were documented in situ. Evidence for the construction style was absent. Geophysical survey was conducted on an area of about 14 ha adjoining the excavation site to the north. The southern part of the surveyed area shows a conglomeration of pit features of likely anthropogenic origin. Judging from the surface finds, the features may date to the Late Chalcolithic.
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Papers by Ingo Petri
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin behandelt. Drei davon stammen aus der Prussia-Sammlung, eins wurde aus
Privatbesitz angekauft. Alle vier Schwerter zeigen auf ihren Klingen eine VLFBERHT-Inschrift.
Staatliche Museen zu Berlin behandelt. Drei davon stammen aus der Prussia-Sammlung, eins wurde aus
Privatbesitz angekauft. Alle vier Schwerter zeigen auf ihren Klingen eine VLFBERHT-Inschrift.
on a promontory and a terrace with a slope to the SW (fig. 1). It consists of a small tell-like settlement with a defensive topographic position on the tip of the promontory and „off-tell“ structures situated to the E-NE of it (fig. 2). The geomagnetic survey was conducted with a geomagnetic survey system Magneto MX v2, property of the German Archaeological
Institute, in a section of 3,2 ha in the “off-tell” area. Several clusters of
anomalies with various shapes were recorded (fig. 3), which may be related to pits with currently unknown function (storage, ritual, for clay,
graves). The higher concentration of anomalies is in the NW and SE section of the site and is possibly related to the site topography. In the E part of the surveyed area, a curved linear anomaly connects the two creeks. This feature has most probably an anthropogenic origin and may represent a fortification ditch.
corner, while an oval-shaped clay storage bin was uncovered in situ in its northeast part. The floor inventory was scanty,
suggesting that the building was emptied and abandoned before the fire.
Excavations continued in a building from an earlier phase of occupation. Here, several concentrations of smashed ceramic vessels were documented in situ. Evidence for the construction style was absent.
Geophysical survey was conducted on an area of about 14 ha adjoining the excavation site to the north. The southern part of the surveyed area shows a conglomeration of pit features of likely anthropogenic origin. Judging from the surface finds, the features may date to the Late Chalcolithic.