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The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of short-term starvation and re-feeding on oxidative stress in Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874). After two weeks adaptation to new conditions, a total number of 270... more
The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of short-term starvation and re-feeding on oxidative stress in Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi (Günther, 1874). After two weeks adaptation to new conditions, a total number of 270 fingerlings were distributed into nine 300-L fiberglass tanks, equipped with aeration system in three treatments including 4, 8 and 16 days starvation (each in 3 replicates). After starvation, all groups were fed for 32 days. At the beginning of trial and at the end of starvation and re-feeding periods, blood samples were collected, plasma was separated and activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were assayed. Based on the results, no significant difference was observed in SOD activity at the end of starvation and also after re-feeding between the different treatments. At the end of starvation the activity of the CAT and GPX increased significantly in 8 and 16 days of starvation g...
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Effects of different levels of dietary nucleotides (NT) were studied on muscle amino acid profile of rain bow trout with an average weight 11.35±0.32 over 8 weeks. This experimental was carried out in 700 L circular tanks with 40 fish per... more
Effects of different levels of dietary nucleotides (NT) were studied on muscle amino acid profile of rain bow trout with an average weight 11.35±0.32 over 8 weeks. This experimental was carried out in 700 L circular tanks with 40 fish per tank. NT was added to the diet at the rates of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2%. Fish were fed 5 times a day at a rate of 3-5% body weight. After 8 weeks of feeding, the fish fed 0.2% NT showed higher SGR and WG (%) compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in fish fed 0.2% NT compared to the fish fed 0.15% NT. The results showed that dietary supplementation of NT has significant effect on His, Arg, Thr, Val, Ilu, Leu, Phe, Lys, Glu, Ser, Gly, Tyr+Phe, TEAA and TNEAA. In fish fed 0.2% NT, total essential amino acid (EAA) content was significantly higher among the experimental groups.
In the present study, the effect of density on transportation stress in Mesopotamichthys sharpey fingerlings was evaluated. For this purpose, four different densities, including 40, 80, 120 and 160 g/l were used as treatments each with 3... more
In the present study, the effect of density on transportation stress in Mesopotamichthys sharpey fingerlings was evaluated. For this purpose, four different densities, including 40, 80, 120 and 160 g/l were used as treatments each with 3 replicates. Simulation of transport procedure was carried out for 4 hrs. The blood samples were collected from the fish prior to loading from the stocking tank (control), after 4 hrs of transportation and from released fish into recovery glass tanks at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hrs after transportation during recovery period. For blood sampling, fish immediately anesthetized by adding 2% 2-phenoxy ethanol and the blood samples were prepared. The cortisol, glucose and lactate value of plasma were measured. The results showed a significant increase in cortisol and glucose levels (in highest density) after transportation in all treatments (P 0.05). The results showed that only cortisol level was significantly different with basal level at 96 hrs. Our findin...
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Fish oil in the diet of fish is constantly at the risk of oxidation. In this study, the effects of feeding sturgeon hybrid (Huso huso ♂ ×Acipenser ruthenus ♀) with different levels of oxidized fish oil (OFO) on thyroid hormones were... more
Fish oil in the diet of fish is constantly at the risk of oxidation. In this study, the effects of feeding sturgeon hybrid (Huso huso ♂ ×Acipenser ruthenus ♀) with different levels of oxidized fish oil (OFO) on thyroid hormones were investigated. Three experimental diets were made by replacing 0 (control), 50 and 100% OFO were made. Ninety hybrid sturgeon, with the initial weights of 212.6 ± 07g were distributed in 9 fiberglass tanks (2 m3) randomly after 2 weeks of adaptation with experimental conditions. Feeding was done three times daily (08:00, 14:00 and 20:00) for 6 weeks for satisfaction. At the end of the period, blood samples were taken and their serum was separated. Serum thyroxine and triiodotyronine were measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples. Serum thyroxine, triiodotyronine and thyroxine/triiodotyronine level showed no significant changes related to dietary OFO. Our findings showed that dietary-OFO had no effect on blood thyroid hormones levels.
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This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary Immunogen prebiotic on growth, hematological indices and body composition of rainbow trout fingerlings. A basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2... more
This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of dietary Immunogen prebiotic on growth, hematological indices and body composition of rainbow trout fingerlings. A basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 percent prebiotic to formulate five experimental diets. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 13.76±0.54 g. After 8 weeks of feeding trial, fish fed diets with prebiotic showed the highest final weight and SGR, and lowest in fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better when the fish were fed with 0.15 percent prebiotic. There were significant differences in hematological parameters including hematocrit, RBC, WBC, HB, lymphocyte and neutrophil counts in fish fed by dietary prebiotic (P<0.05). At the end of feeding trial, the fish fed 0.1% diet showed higher whole body protein. The fish fed with 0.15% diet exhibited lower levels of lipid and ash. ...
Research Interests: Geology and Oceanography
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) (EP) on growth and blood parameters in juvenile sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus). One hundred and eighty fish (mean weight 75±1SDg) divided into 12... more
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) (EP) on growth and blood parameters in juvenile sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus). One hundred and eighty fish (mean weight 75±1SDg) divided into 12 tanks (n=15) after adaptation period. Base diet was supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1 and 2g/Kg EP to formulate experimental diets. Fish were fed daily at a rate of 3% of body weight. After 60 days, all fish were weighted for growth analysis and blood samples were collected to assess hematological parameters. Results showed that growth indices were not significantly affected by EP extract (p>0.05). There was no notable differences in hematological parameters, including red blood cell, white blood cells, hemoglobin, lymphocyte and neutrophil percentage in treatments compared to the control group (p>0.05). Total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin to globulin ratio did not reveal any differences between experimental and control groups (p>...
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Fish larvae experience major cellular and biochemical changes during their early life stages.The aim of the present study was to evaluate alterations in the antioxidant status and values oflipid peroxidation and vitamin C content during... more
Fish larvae experience major cellular and biochemical changes during their early life stages.The aim of the present study was to evaluate alterations in the antioxidant status and values oflipid peroxidation and vitamin C content during the different life developmental stages ofHypophthalmichthys molitrix. Eggs and larvae were sampled at fertilization, organogenesis,eyed egg, hatch, active feeding, and 14 and 21 days after active feeding. An age dependentsignificant variation in SOD activity was seen during the period of study as the highest activityrecorded at the eyed egg stage (P 0.05). The overall trend of MDA concentration showedsignificant increase from fertilization toward 21 days after fertilization (P<0.05). Vitamin Ccontent showed an opposite pattern and decreased during the period of study (P<0.05). It can beconcluded that vitamin C plays a crucial role in the antioxidant defence system during the earlylife stages of H. molitrix as could prevent from increase of MDA...
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Aloe vera has been used worldwide both for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of some of its constituents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Aloe vera on the... more
Aloe vera has been used worldwide both for pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of some of its constituents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Aloe vera on the antioxidant defense and growth index in rainbow trout. 480 Rainbow trout, weighing 9.50 gr were divided into four group, group 1: normal group, group 2: 0.5 mg/kg Aloe vera concentration, group 3: 1 mg/kg Aloe vera concentration, group 4: 2 mg/kg Aloe vera concentration. Serum catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and growth index were estimated. Our results showed that growth was not significantly affected by Aloe vera extract. In experimental control groups, 0.5 and 2 concentration enzyme activities were significantly lower compared with control group. In conclusion, Aloe vera is not recommended for strengthen of antioxidant defenses.
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This study was done to evaluate the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). As liver is the main organ in the homeostatic adjustments to stress, we used a proteomics method to address molecular response in... more
This study was done to evaluate the effects of Bisphenol A (BPA) on Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). As liver is the main organ in the homeostatic adjustments to stress, we used a proteomics method to address molecular response in this tissue. Also, we compared the levels of vitellogenin in plasma and mucus to propose that the last one be a non-invasive method to analyze this biomarker. The fish received 1, 10, and 100 μg g-1 week-1 BPA intraperitoneally for two weeks. The samples were taken on days 0, 7, and 14. Plasma vitellogenin level increased as the highest value was recorded in the group with 100 μg g-1 week-1 of BPA. Changes in the mucus and blood vitellogenin showed a similar pattern, suggesting that mucus could be used for evaluating the changes in blood vitellogenin. Comparative proteomics was used to determine the proteome of the liver of A. baerii in the highest dose of BPA in comparison with the control. Sixteen proteins were identified that their expression chang...
Effects of different levels of dietary nucleotides (NT) were studied on growth indices and body composition of rainbow trout with average weight of 11.35±0.32 during 8 weeks. This experimental was carried out in 700 L circular tanks with... more
Effects of different levels of dietary nucleotides (NT) were studied on growth indices and body composition of rainbow trout with average weight of 11.35±0.32 during 8 weeks. This experimental was carried out in 700 L circular tanks with 40 fishes per tank. NT was added to the diet at a rate of 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 percent. Fish were fed 5 times daily at a rate of 3-5% body weight per day. At the end of feeding trial, the fish fed 0.2% NT showed higher whole body protein, and lower lipid and ash levels compared to the control group. Administration of dietary NT at the level of 0.2% seems to positively influence the proximate composition of fingerling rainbow trout.
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstocks with different ratio of plant oils to evaluate the changes in antioxidant defense status in the progenies. In the experimental... more
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of feeding rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) broodstocks with different ratio of plant oils to evaluate the changes in antioxidant defense status in the progenies. In the experimental diets, fish oil was replaced with different combination of plant oils including corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, and coconut oil, to gain different levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in the experimental diets. Fish fed eight weeks with experimental diets before reproduction. After spawning, samples were taken on days 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 after fertilization. The samples were homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatant was removed for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Results showed that SOD activity was significantly increased from the first sampling to day 35 in all treatment grou...
Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer is one of the most valuable marine fish species that is known to be tolerant to wide range changes of salinity. The species is able to live in freshwater, brackish and marine water, being an ideal model... more
Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer is one of the most valuable marine fish species that is known to be tolerant to wide range changes of salinity. The species is able to live in freshwater, brackish and marine water, being an ideal model species for studying the effects of salinity on physiological responses. The present study is aimed to evaluate the changes in expression levels of Na+ -K + ATPase (NKA) and Na+/K+/2Cl– (NKCC) genes in gill tissue of L. calcarifer kept in a range of salinities including freshwater (0 ppt), brackish water (15 ppt) and saline marine water (35 and 50 ppt). Totals of 180 individuals were randomly distributed into 12 fiberglass tanks (volume 300 L) that contained different water salinity variants. After 30 days of experimental captivity, fish were euthanized and gill tissues were collected for NKA and NKCC mRNAs expression analysis. The U shape expression pattern for both NKA and NKCC was recorded. The highest brachial expression was seen in 50 ppt that wa...
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The skin mucus in lower vertebrates such as fish with strong innate immune system has many unique and valuable bioactive compounds that can be used for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. This study was looking for the cytotoxic potential... more
The skin mucus in lower vertebrates such as fish with strong innate immune system has many unique and valuable bioactive compounds that can be used for inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. This study was looking for the cytotoxic potential of mucus from the two fish species, including round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and inducing apoptosis in MCF7 and LNCaP cancer cell lines via influencing P53 gene expression and cell cycle arrest. Results showed that the both mucus types have cytotoxic effects on the both cancer cell lines whereas they have no severe effect on normal primary fibroblast cells. In addition, round goby mucus and common carp mucus selectively induced apoptosis in the LNCaP and MCF7 cells, respectively, through up-regulating P53 gene and arresting cell cycle at the G1 phase. Taken together, this study suggested that the both mucus types can selectively influence P53 pathway and induce apoptosis in especial cancer cells. The skin mucus derived from round Goby and common Carp can be a promising candidate for investigation about apoptosis and molecular targeting therapy in cancer.
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In this study, the effects of different background colours on growth performance and physiological parameters of Epinephelus coioides were investigated. One hundred eighty E. coioides (average weight 18.16 ± 0.07 g) were distributed in... more
In this study, the effects of different background colours on growth performance and physiological parameters of Epinephelus coioides were investigated. One hundred eighty E. coioides (average weight 18.16 ± 0.07 g) were distributed in black, white and blue 300‐L tanks and fed to satiation for 60 days. The tank colour had no significant effect on the weight gain, condition factor, hepatosomatic index and specific growth rate (p > .05). The lowest amount of viscerosomatic index and the highest carcass protein were recorded in the white tank (p .05). Our findings showed that colours used in this study did not evoke stress and thus had no effect on growth, but some metabolic adaptation occurred in each colour to achieve optimum growth.
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ABSTRACT One hundred and eight juvenile Acanthopagrus latus were transported from their natural habitat and kept in tanks (300 L) with 20 ppt salinity for 14 days. After 24h starvation, the fish were exposed to salinity of 34, 12, and 5... more
ABSTRACT One hundred and eight juvenile Acanthopagrus latus were transported from their natural habitat and kept in tanks (300 L) with 20 ppt salinity for 14 days. After 24h starvation, the fish were exposed to salinity of 34, 12, and 5 ppt; then, blood samples were taken after 0, 2, 24, and 48h after the exposure. Blood electrolytes did not show significant changes in response to variation in the environmental salinities. Cortisol and ALP increased (not significantly) in all groups after 2h (P<0.05) and returned to the basal value within 24 h. Glucose and lactate levels increased significantly in all experimental groups after 2h (P<0.05) and returned to the basal value within 48 and 24h, respectively. Triglyceride did not show any significant change during the trial. Our findings showed juvenile A. latus could acclimate to a range of salinities from 5% to 35% within 48h. Also, the metabolic changes were more related to the time of sampling than the salinity challenge, suggesting that adaption occurred during the time of the study.
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Changes in environmental salinity are responsible for a variety of physiological stress responses in aquatic organisms. Induced stress is associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, which caused oxidative damage. In the... more
Changes in environmental salinity are responsible for a variety of physiological stress responses in aquatic organisms. Induced stress is associated with enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, which caused oxidative damage. In the present study, the effects of different environmental salinities on the antioxidant status in the gills of the yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus sheim, were assayed. Fish adapted to salinity of 20 ppt for 14 days, then suddenly challenged with experimental salinities including 5, 12 and 34 ppt and kept in new salinities for 14 days. Each treatment was done in three replicates. In each replicate, 12 fishes with an average initial weight of 100 ± 10 g were placed in 300-L tanks. Fish were fed 3 times daily 3% body weight. Gill samples were taken after 2 weeks. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were assayed in gill tissue. CAT, SOD and GPX activity did not show a significant difference between experimental groups. Like antioxidant enzymes, MDA content of gill was not significantly different between experimental groups. Our finding showed that salinity challenge as a stressor did not affect antioxidant–prooxidant equilibrium or a new equilibrium was created and did not evoke oxidative stress.
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ABSTRACT The severe decline in population of sturgeons due to pollution highlighted poor understanding about the immunotoxicological responses of sturgeons. This study was designed in three experiments to find out how nonylphenol (NP)... more
ABSTRACT The severe decline in population of sturgeons due to pollution highlighted poor understanding about the immunotoxicological responses of sturgeons. This study was designed in three experiments to find out how nonylphenol (NP) interrupts some pro‐inflammatory immune parameters in macrophages from Persian sturgeon (Acipencer persicous) as the oldest vertebrate model conserving intact innate immune system. After determination of IC50 values of NP (200 &mgr;M), some pro‐inflammatory immune parameters and induced apoptosis in macrophages at low dose (10 nM) and high dose (100 nM) of NP and of 17&bgr; estradiol (E2) (positive control) were determined after 6, 24 and 48 h of the exposure (as the first experiment). The two doses of NP induced pro‐inflammatory reaction and apoptosis with strong correlations, whereas this result was observed more obviously in high dose of E2. In the second experiments, the macrophages were exposed to the two doses of NP along with estrogen receptor alpha (ER&agr;) antagonist, which consequently decreased the induction of pro‐inflammatory reactions. Similarly, in the third experiment, NF‐KB and ER&agr; antagonists were used and pro‐inflammatory reactions decreased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Decreasing correlation between immune parameters following the second and third experiments verified interaction between ER&agr; and NF‐KB pathways. Thus, NP could be immune disrupter and apoptosis inducer in sturgeon macrophages in vitro, even in low dose. For the first time, this study revealed that NP can induce pro‐inflammatory reactions in macrophages derived from sturgeons. HighlightsImmunotoxicological responses in sturgeon ancient fish to xenoestrogenNonylphenol interrupts some pro‐inflammatory immune parameters in macrophages from Persian sturgeon.Nonylphenol has potential of apoptosis induction in Persian sturgeon macrophages in dose and time dependent manner.Synergistic interaction between ER&agr; and NF‐KB pathways after exposure to nonylphenol in Persian sturgeon macrophages.
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The main aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic high stocking density on liver proteome of rainbow trout. Rainbow trout juveniles (42.6 ± 2.3 g average body weight) were randomly distributed into six tanks at two... more
The main aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic high stocking density on liver proteome of rainbow trout. Rainbow trout juveniles (42.6 ± 2.3 g average body weight) were randomly distributed into six tanks at two stocking densities (low stocking density (LD) = 20 kg m(-3) and high stocking density (HD) = 80 kg m(-3)). Both treatments were performed in triplicate tanks for a period of 60 days. High stocking density caused a reduction in the growth performance compared with LD fish. Lysozyme activity increased with stocking density, while serum complement activity presented the opposite pattern. Serum cortisol and total protein levels did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) between experimental groups. The fish reared at high stocking density showed significantly lower osmolality and globulin values but higher albumin level. The HD group had significantly higher activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehy...
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Research Interests: Oceanography and Biology
Research Interests: Geology and Oceanography
144 juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta, after acclimation to laboratory conditions in sea water (40ppt) for one week, sea water was replaced with different salinities (5, 20 and 60ppt) and seawater (40ppt) as control. Samplings were... more
144 juvenile Sobaity, Sparidentex hasta, after acclimation to laboratory conditions in sea water (40ppt) for one week, sea water was replaced with different salinities (5, 20 and 60ppt) and seawater (40ppt) as control. Samplings were performed at 6 and 12 hours, 1, 2, 7 and 14 days after the time of changing in environmental salinities. Blood samples were collected for plasma cortisol, glucose and electrolytes analysis. According to the results, plasma levels of cortisol showed significant increases in 5 and 60 ppt environment in relation to control and 20ppt groups 12 hours from the beginning of the experiment. However in 24h samples up to the end of the experiment (14days) there were no significant differences among treatments. Plasma glucose levels showed a significant increase only at 12h sampling time in relation to 6 and 24hours in fish adapted to 5 and 60ppt. Plasma Ca ++ concentrations had no significant changes during experiment. Plasma Mg ++ amounts decreased significantly...
Aloe vera has been used worldwide in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of its constituents. This study was done to evaluate the effects of dietary aloe vera on growth and lipid... more
Aloe vera has been used worldwide in pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries due to the plethora of biological activities of its constituents. This study was done to evaluate the effects of dietary aloe vera on growth and lipid peroxidation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). A total number of 480 O. mykiss (mean weight 9.50 ± 0.85 g) were randomized into four experimental groups including one control and three experimental groups that aloe vera was incorporated in their diet at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g kg-1. Trial was done for eight weeks. Then biometry and blood sampling were done. Plasma malondialdehyde, ferric reducing ability of plasma and growth index were estimated at the end of study. The results showed that aloe vera extract did not affect growth indices. Malondialdehyde was increased in the experimental group compared to the control group but ferric reducing ability of plasma showed a decrease in experimental groups (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. Our findi...
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin E (vit E) and selenium nanoparticles (nanoSe) on liver proteome profile of rainbow trout under high density condition. To correlate the proteome modifications... more
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin E (vit E) and selenium nanoparticles (nanoSe) on liver proteome profile of rainbow trout under high density condition. To correlate the proteome modifications with physiological aspects, growth, serum metabolites (cortisol, glucose, lactate, ALT, AST, and ALP), and liver antioxidant-related parameters (SOD, GPx, CAT, and MDA) were also examined. A total of 1275 fish (average weight of 42.6 ± 2.3 g) were stocked into 12 tanks at a density of 80 kg m −3. The fish were divided into four groups according to diet: control (basal diet), vit E (500 mg kg − 1 vit E-supplemented diet), nanoSe (1 mg kg −1 nanoSe-supplemented diet), and combination (500 mg kg −1 vit E and 1 mg kg −1 nanoSe-supplemented diet). After 60 days, the best performance and health status of fish were observed in vit E and combination groups. Supplementation with nanoSe had no significant effects on growth performance. In addition, we compared liver proteome profiles of fish fed with a basal diet (control) and diets supplemented with vit E or nanoSe. Among the identified proteins, GRP78, ATPsyn-d, and HSP70 had an increased abundance in the vit E group, while HPPD and GAPDH showed a decreased abundance. In response to nanoSe supplementation, the expression of MDH, FAA, FBPA, TPI, GRHPR, GNMT, FDH, and Enol was increased. The proteomic data indicate that vit E or nanoSe supplementation can alter the expression of proteins involved in metabolic status of rainbow trout reared under high rearing density.
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A 60 day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (vit E), selenium nanoparticles (nanoSe), and their combination on humoral immune status and serum parameters of rainbow trout under high density... more
A 60 day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (vit E), selenium nanoparticles (nanoSe), and their combination on humoral immune status and serum parameters of rainbow trout under high density condition. A total of 1275 rainbow trout with an average weight of 42.6 ± 2.3 g were acclimatized, distributed into 15 tanks and divided into five experimental groups according to stocking density and diet: Normal control (20 kg m − 3 ; basal diet), Dense control (80 kg m − 3 ; basal diet), Vit E (80 kg m − 3 ; 500 mg kg − 1 vit E-supplemented diet), NanoSe (80 kg m − 3 ; 1 mg kg − 1 nanoSe-supplemented diet), and Combination (80 kg m − 3 ; 500 mg kg − 1 vit E and 1 mg kg − 1 nanoSe-supplemented diet). Each group consisted of three tanks. High stocking density reduced weigh gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, serum agglutination antibody titer, total antioxidant capacity, and globulin level, but increased lysozyme, albumin, and cholesterol levels when basal diet was fed. However, vit E supplementation to diets significantly improved growth performance and health status of rainbow trout. While the combination of nanoSe with vit E promoted the performance of the fish, supplementation with nanoSe had no significant effects on performance in rainbow trout under high density conditions, suggesting that the beneficial effects observed in the performance of the Combination group may be due to vitamin E alone.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E, nanoselenium (nanoSe), and their combination on growth and acute stress responses in rainbow trout previously subjected to chronic stress. The fish were... more
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E, nanoselenium (nanoSe), and their combination on growth and acute stress responses in rainbow trout previously subjected to chronic stress. The fish were divided into five groups according to stocking density and diet: Normal (20 kg m −3 ; basal diet), Dense (80 kg m −3 ; basal diet), Vit E (80 kg m −3 ; 500 mg kg −1 vitamin E-supplemented diet), NanoSe (80 kg m −3 ; 1 mg kg −1 nanoSe-supplemented diet), and Combination (80 kg m −3 ; 500 mg kg −1 vitamin E and 1 mg kg −1 nanoSe-supplemented diet). The fish in each group were weighed after 60 days. The best growth under high density condition was observed in fish fed on vitamin E-supplemented diets (Vit E and Combination groups). Following high stocking rearing, fish were subjected to an acute confinement stress by decreasing water volume in the tanks (200 kg fish m −3) for 45 min and sampled at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h post-stress to evaluate the fish performance to additional stressors. The levels of serum cortisol, glucose, lactate, alanine aminotransferase, as-partate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were significantly higher in the Dense group at most of time points after initiation of acute stress. The results showed that rainbow trout can reach adaptation to chronic stress conditions, resulting in intensified stress responses to an acute stressor. The data also showed that vitamin E-supplemented diets can exert positive effects on the welfare of chronically stressed rainbow trout subjected to an additional acute stressor.
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For evaluating effects of green tea in fish received oxidized oil this study was done. Lipid of diet was replaced by oxidized fish oil (OFO) in 0, 50 and 100%. Green tea extract (GTE) was added to diet in 3 levels, 0, 5 and 100 mg/kg... more
For evaluating effects of green tea in fish received oxidized oil this study was done. Lipid of diet was replaced by oxidized fish oil (OFO) in 0, 50 and 100%. Green tea extract (GTE) was added to diet in 3 levels, 0, 5 and 100 mg/kg giving a total of 9 experimental diets. Two hundred and seventy sturgeon hybrid (Huso huso ♀ × Acipenser ruthenus ♂), mean weight of 211.71 ± 0.23 g randomly divided in 27 fiberglass tanks with 700 l volume after 2 weeks adaptation. After 6 weeks, biometry was done to evaluate growth performance and blood samples were taken. The result showed that feeding with OFO had no effects on condition factor and specific growth rate. However, in fish fed GTE feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio improved slightly. Red blood cells were not affected by OFO and GTE while in fish received GTE and both GTE and OFO white blood cells increased significantly (P<0.05). Immunological parameters, (IgM, ACH50 and Lysozyme) showed significant increase in compare to control (P<0.05). Our findings showed that feeding of sturgeon hybrid with OFO had no effects on growth but GTE improved feeding performance. Also OFO had no effects on immune function.
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Lipid content of diet is very susceptible to oxidation, especially when stored for a long time, so for evaluating protective effects of green tea in fish received oxidized oil this study was done. Lipid content of diet was replaced by... more
Lipid content of diet is very susceptible to oxidation, especially when stored for a long time, so for evaluating protective effects of green tea in fish received oxidized oil this study was done. Lipid content of diet was replaced by oxidized fish oil (OFO) in 0, 50 and 100%. Green tea extract (GTE) was added to diet in 3 levels, 0, 5 and 100 mg/kg giving a total of 9 experimental diets. Two hundred and seventy sturgeon hybrid of Sterlet (Huso huso ♀ × Acipenser ruthenus ♂) with initial weight of 212.6±0.7 g after 2 weeks adaptation randomly divided in 27 fiberglass tanks with 700 L volume. Fish were fed satiated three times daily. After 6 weeks, biometry was done to evaluate growth performance and blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis. The result showed that feeding with oxidized oil had no effects on growth. However, in fish fed GTE growth indices improved slightly. Feeding with OFO reduced serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein, while increased high density lipoprotein. Dietary GTE moderated the effects of OFO on lipid metabolism. Feeding with the OFO increased activity of serum superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde contents. In fish received both OFO and GTE reduced activity of serum antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde content was recorded in compare to fish fed only OFO. According to the result of the present study, it can be argued that feeding of sturgeon hybrid of Sterlet with OFO has negative effects on lipid metabolism and antioxidant status, whereas GTE dosages used in this study has protective effect on fish from the adverse effects of oxidized oil.
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Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which is used as a food additive but also has medicinal applications. This study investigated its effects on placental histomorphology and survival of mice neonates.... more
Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which is used as a food additive but also has medicinal applications. This study investigated its effects on placental histomorphology and survival of mice neonates. Eighty Balb/C pregnant mice were randomly distributed into one control and three experimental groups (n=20). The control group received only distilled water, whereas experimental groups were administered intraperitoneally C. tinctorius extract at doses of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 mg/kg during the organogenesis period (6(th) to 16(th) day of gestation). On the 17(th) day of gestation, half of the animals were euthanized; their fetuses and placentas were removed and histomorphological study was performed. In the rest of the animals after parturition, the number of neonates was counted. Survival rates were periodically calculated for neonates within days 5, 15, 25, and 42 after birth. The results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that treatment with 1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg C. tinctorius extract caused reduction in the trophoblastic giant cells ratio and increasing in the proportion of labyrinthine interhemal membrane (LIM). Moreover, the size of the labyrinthine zone per whole placenta, weight, diameter, and thickness of the placenta in the mice administered with 1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg C. tinctorius extract became lower than those of controls (p&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05). In addition, in the treated mice with 1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg C. tinctorius extract, the number of neonate was drastically decreased on days 5, 15, 25, and 42 after birth. It is concluded that treatment with C. tinctorius extract in doses of 1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg induces toxic changes in the placental structure so caution should be paid to popular consumption of this plant both as an alternative medicine and as a food additive.
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This study was conducted to determine the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth, some immune responses and gut lactic acid bacteria of common carp. Four experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% MOS were... more
This study was conducted to determine the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth, some immune responses and gut lactic acid bacteria of common carp. Four experimental diets containing 0%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.20% MOS were prepared. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish with initial average weight of approximately 14 g. After eight weeks, survival rate was high in all treatments with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Growth performance including final weight, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) did not differ among the treatments. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better when the fish were fed 0.05 to 0.20% MOS diets. The alternative complement activity, lysozyme activity and serum total Ig were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) greater in fish fed 0.20% MOS diets. Although the total intestinal bacterial counts were not affected by dietary treatment (p > 0.05), the lactic acid bacteria levels were significantly elevated in fi...
Plasma chemistry, lipid metabolism and vitellogenin gene expression of captive Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus were studied in different maturity stages. A total of 32 fish were sampled, and maturity stages were identified on the... more
Plasma chemistry, lipid metabolism and vitellogenin gene expression of captive Sterlet sturgeon Acipenser ruthenus were studied in different maturity stages. A total of 32 fish were sampled, and maturity stages were identified on the basis of histological criteria and direct observation. Females were classified to four groups: previtellogenic, vitellogenic, post-vitellogenic, and atresia. Blood, gonad and liver tissue samples were taken through non-lethal biopsy. Our results showed that plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase activity, albumin and total protein increased during ovarian development and were highest at post-vitellogenic stage. The lowest amounts in atresia stage demonstrate that lipid and energy imbalance was related to reabsorption and digestion of the yolk. These results suggested that the VLDL was the main plasma lipoprotein component of Sterlet. We determined that lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activity increased during vitellogenesis process which suggested the role of lipase enzymes in regulating blood lipid metabolism. RT-PCR analysis indicates that Vitellogenin (VTG) mRNA could be detected both in livers and ovaries of female Sterlet. Throughout the study, the expression level of VTG gene showed an increase both in ovaries and in livers reaching its peak at late vitellogenesis stage. This strongly indicated a relation between VTG mRNA and ovarian development.
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The aim of this study was to compare effects of triploidy induction on basal physiological and immunological characteristics in rainbow trout at three developmental stages including fertilized eggs, eyed eggs and fry. Eggs and milt were... more
The aim of this study was to compare effects of triploidy induction on basal physiological and immunological characteristics in rainbow trout at three developmental stages including fertilized eggs, eyed eggs and fry. Eggs and milt were taken from eight females and six males. The gametes were pooled to minimize the individual differences. After insemination, the eggs were incubated at 10°C for 10min. Half of the fertilized eggs were then subjected to heat shock for 10min submerged in a 28°C water bath to induce triploidy. The remainder were incubated normally and used as diploid controls. Three batches of eggs were randomly selected from each group and were incubated at 10-11°C under the same environmental conditions in hatchery troughs until the fry stage. The first-feeding offspring were also reared under the same environmental and nutritional conditions for 38 days. Triplicate samples of 30 eggs (10 eggs per trough) from each group were selected 1.5h post-fertilization and at the eyed stage. Based on red blood cell analysis, nine diploid and nine triploid fish were also selected for study. The triploidy induction success rate was 87.1%. While diploid fish had greater body weights than those in the heat-shock treatment group, weight gain (WG%) was not different between the fry of the diploid and heat-shock treatment groups. Of thyroid hormones measured, 3,5,3&amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3) was less (P&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.05) in eyed eggs of the heat-shock treatment group, but thyroxine (T4) was greater in fry of the heat-shock treatment group as compared to those that were diploid. Cortisol concentration was greater in fry of the heat-shock treatment group as compared to those that were diploid suggesting that fry in the triploid state may be more susceptible to stressors. Concentrations of immune variables (lysozyme, ACH50, albumin, IgM, total protein, globulin and complement) were either comparable or greater in fry of the heat-shock treatment group suggesting that the immune system is not impaired in fish as a result of triploidy induction.
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Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which had been classified as a fertility regulator in the traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate its possible effects on the ovarian... more
Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which had been classified as a fertility regulator in the traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate its possible effects on the ovarian histomorphology and the levels of female reproductive hormones in the mice. Sixty adult female Balb/C mice were selected and randomly divided into one control and three experimental groups (n= 15). The control group received only distilled water, while experimental groups were administered intraperitoneally C. tinctorius extract at doses of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 mg/kg/day for 49 consecutive days. In the end of experiments, blood samples were collected and the sera were analyzed for the levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. Ovarian tissue samples were also taken and histomorphological changes of the ovaries were examined using optical microscope. The quantitative results were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. The present findings showed ...
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Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which is used as a food additive but also has medicinal applications. This study investigated its effects on placental histomorphology and survival of mice neonates.... more
Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) is a member of the asteraceae family which is used as a food additive but also has medicinal applications. This study investigated its effects on placental histomorphology and survival of mice neonates. Eighty Balb/C pregnant mice were randomly distributed into one control and three experimental groups (n=20). The control group received only distilled water, whereas experimental groups were administered intraperitoneally C. tinctorius extract at doses of 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 mg/kg during the organogenesis period (6(th) to 16(th) day of gestation). On the 17(th) day of gestation, half of the animals were euthanized; their fetuses and placentas were removed and histomorphological study was performed. In the rest of the animals after parturition, the number of neonates was counted. Survival rates were periodically calculated for neonates within days 5, 15, 25, and 42 after birth. The results were evaluated by one-way ANOVA. The results showed that treat...
Electromagnetic fields is a subject that all organisms in world are somehow affected with it. This study was designed to evaluate the probably effects of electromagnetic fields on liver tissue of trouts. 20 male trouts weighing... more
Electromagnetic fields is a subject that all organisms in world are somehow affected with it. This study was designed to evaluate the probably effects of electromagnetic fields on liver tissue of trouts. 20 male trouts weighing averagely300±38.5 were randomly divided in two groups, including control and treatment group. Treatment group was exposed to electromagnetic field (pulsed electromagnetic field with triangular form with a frequency of 9 MHz with power of 10 ml T) 2 hour/day for 7 days. In the final day of experiment, for tissue assessment; the specimens from liver were immersion imprisoned overnight in 10% neutral buffered formalin to be fixed. Then the specimens were mounted to allow 5-μm sections. Sections were stained via hematoxylin and eosin method and photographed directly using a stereo microscope and then they were studied in respect of structural changes. In the exposed fishes to electromagnetic fields Histologic changes were consist of hepatic congestion and also he...
ABSTRACT Cyprinus carpio is a stenohaline species but can tolerate some ranges of changes in environmental salinities, so histomorphological methods and Na + -K + ATPase and Aquaporin 3 immunohistochemistry were performed on common carp... more
ABSTRACT Cyprinus carpio is a stenohaline species but can tolerate some ranges of changes in environmental salinities, so histomorphological methods and Na + -K + ATPase and Aquaporin 3 immunohistochemistry were performed on common carp kidney as an osmoregulatory organ in experimental groups and control in order to investigate their possible roles during salinity challenge. Five groups of fish (n=25) with salinities ranging from 3, 6, 9 and 12 g/l marine salt and a control group (tap water) were used. The experiment was continued for two weeks. Kidney samples from control and experimental groups were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and were embedded in paraffin. The Na + -K + ATPase and Aquaporin 3 intensity of the immunostaining and the renal tubules dilation had direct relation with environmental salinities, and showed the involvement of these proteins in physiological responses to environmental salinity. Furthermore, in the salinities 9 and 12 g/l epithelium of the renal tubules, profound histomorphological alteration was present.
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Phenolic compounds are common water pollutants and include a wide variety of organic chemicals. The effects of three sublethal concentrations of phenol on liver histology and some biochemical parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss after 8... more
Phenolic compounds are common water pollutants and include a wide variety of organic chemicals. The effects of three sublethal concentrations of phenol on liver histology and some biochemical parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss after 8 weeks exposure were investigated in this study. A total of 80 rainbow trout (O. mykiss) were randomly divided into four groups (n = 20). Control group was kept in water without any add-on material, while experimental groups were exposed to the concentration of 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg/L of phenol solution. At the end of the study period, the weight of liver, condition factor (CF) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were measured. Tissue and blood samples were taken separately for histologic evaluation and serum biochemical parameters assay, respectively. In fish treated with phenol, significant reduction in liver weight, CF, HSI ratio, diameter of hepatocytes and hepatocytes nuclear diameter (p < 0.05) was recorded. Total protein and albumin decreased significa...
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ABSTRACT In the present study, the impacts of phenol, a pollutant of inland water habitats, were investigated on Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish (weight0300±7.5 g, total length 018.58± 3.8 cm) were subjected to 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mg/l of... more
ABSTRACT In the present study, the impacts of phenol, a pollutant of inland water habitats, were investigated on Oncorhynchus mykiss. The fish (weight0300±7.5 g, total length 018.58± 3.8 cm) were subjected to 0.6, 1.2, and 2.4 mg/l of phenol concentration for 8 weeks. At the end of study, blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture by heparinized syringes, and hematological assays were done by standard methods. Red blood cell counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular hemoglo-bin concentration value decreased after phenol exposure while white blood cells counts showed an increase. The values of mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpus-cular volume were not affected by phenol treatment. Our findings showed that hematological parameters can be used as diagnostic indices to evaluate the health status of O. mykiss after exposure to phenol.
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The objective of the present study was to examine the antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the early stages of development (fertilized egg, eyed egg, alevin and fry) as an effect of triploidy induction. Eggs... more
The objective of the present study was to examine the antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the early stages of development (fertilized egg, eyed egg, alevin and fry) as an effect of triploidy induction. Eggs and milt were taken from eight females and six males. After insemination, the eggs were incubated at 10°C for 10min. Half of the fertilized eggs were then subjected to heat-shock for 10min submerged in a 28°C water bath to induce triploidy. The remainder were incubated normally and used as diploid controls. Three batches of eggs were randomly selected from each group (control and heat-shocked) and were incubated at 10-11°C under the same environmental conditions in hatchery troughs until the fry stage. Triplicate samples of fertilized eggs from each experimental group were randomly selected 1.5h post-fertilization and at the eyed egg stage of development (18 days post-fertilization, dpf). At 27 dpf, triplicate samples of alevins were chosen from each group. Based on ploidy determination experiment performed on both groups, nine diploid and nine triploid fry (76 dpf) were also selected. The triploidy induction success rate was 87.1%. Vitamin C was in lesser concentrations in fertilized eggs and eyed eggs of the heat-shock treatment group as compared with eggs of the diploid group. Alevins of the heat-shock treatment group had a lower superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity than alevins of the diploid group. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level was greater in fertilized eggs and alevins of the heat-shock treatment group as compared to diploids. Catalse (CAT) activity was greater in fertilized eggs, alevins and fry of the heat-shock treatment group than those of the diploid group. Malondialdehyde (MDA), as an index of lipid peroxidation, was in greater concentration in fertilized eggs of the group that was heat-shocked, but it was lesser in alevins and fry of the group in which the eggs were heat-shocked as compared to diploid counterparts. The results demonstrate that heat-shock treatment leads to changes in the values of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT and GPx, and low molecular weight free-radical scavengers such as vitamin C, as well as level of lipid peroxidation.
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... 310 Effect of Opium Addiction on Some Serum Parameters in Rabbit Sajad Mami, Mehdi Eghbali, Javad Cheraghi, Fatemeh Mami, 1 1 1 2 Mehdi Pourmahdi Borujeni and Amir Parviz Salati 2 3 ... inconsistent with the findings of Mohamadi et... more
... 310 Effect of Opium Addiction on Some Serum Parameters in Rabbit Sajad Mami, Mehdi Eghbali, Javad Cheraghi, Fatemeh Mami, 1 1 1 2 Mehdi Pourmahdi Borujeni and Amir Parviz Salati 2 3 ... inconsistent with the findings of Mohamadi et al. [7] groups (P#0.05). ...