Naja
Classis : Reptilia
Ordo : Squamata
Subordo : Serpentes
Familia : Elapidae
Genus : Naja
Laurenti, 1768
Naja est genus anguium venenosorum familiae Elapidarum. Species huius generis late per mundum veterem extenduntur et agnoscuntur. Fiunt species in regiones per Africam, Asiam Meridio-Occidentalem, Asiam Meridianam, et Asiam Meridio-Orientalem. Angues quos tirones insigniter cum Najis confundunt sunt Hemachatus haemachatus et Ophiophagus hannah, proprie generum monotypicorum Hemachati[1] et Ophiophagi.[2][3] Typus generis est Naja naja.
Generi Najae a viginti ad viginti duae species descriptae olim erant, sed genus nuper identidem emendatum est, ut fontes academici magnopere variant.[4] Emendatio autem anni 2009, latissime accepta,[5] docet genera Boulengerinam et Paranajam eadem ac Naja esse. Secundum illam emendationem, generi Najae nunc sunt 38 species.[6]
Descriptio
[recensere | fontem recensere]Species Najae longitudine variant, et corpora plurimarum sunt tenuia. Plurimae usque ad 1.84 metra longae crescunt; longitudines autem maximae sunt 3.1 fere metra, Naja melanoleuca fortasse longissima.[7] Omnes species anteriorem corporis quartam supra solum tollere, collumque complanare ad maiores videndas possunt.
Venenum
[recensere | fontem recensere]| Gradus | Species | LD50 subcutis |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Naja oxiana | 0.10 mg/kg[8] |
| 2 | Naja philippinensis | 0.14 mg/kg[9][10] |
| 3 | Naja samarensis | 0.21 mg/kg[11] |
| 4 | Naja melanoleuca | 0.225 mg/kg[8][12] |
| 5 | Naja siamensis | 0.25 mg/kg[8] |
| 6 | Naja atra | 0.28 mg/kg[8][13] |
| 7 | Naja naja | 0.29 mg/kg[8][13] |
| 8 | Naja nivea | 0.37 mg/kg[13] |
| 9 | Naja kaouthia | 0.47 mg/kg[8] |
| 10 | Naja sumatrana | 0.60 mg/kg[14] |
Taxinomia
[recensere | fontem recensere]| Naja |
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Nexus interni
Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]
- ↑ Spawls, S; Branch, B (1995). The Dangerous Snakes of Africa (1st. ed.). Ralph Curtis Books. ISBN 9780883590294.
- ↑ Zhao, E; Adler, K (1993). Herpetology of China (1st ed.). Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles. pp. 522. ISBN 9780916984281.
- ↑ Vogel, G (31 Martii 2006). Terralog: Venomous Snakes of Asia, Vol. 14 (1 ed.). Frankfurt Am Main: Hollywood Import & Export. pp. 148. ISBN 978-3936027938.
- ↑ "Naja". apud Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ↑ Wallach, Van; Wüster, W; Broadley, Donald G. (2009). "In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae)". Zootaxa 2236 (1): 26–36.
- ↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedWuster18 - ↑ "Naja melanoleuca - General Details, Taxonomy and Biology, Venom, Clinical Effects, Treatment, First Aid, Antivenoms". WCH Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Queensland.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 Lapsus in citando: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedIJEB - ↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedNP - ↑ Brown 1973: 81.
- ↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedM67 - ↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedErZug - ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Minton, SA (1974). Venom diseases. Springfield Illinoesiae: Thomas Publisher, Limited, Charles C.. ISBN 978-0-398-03051-3.
- ↑ Tan, N.H., Choy, S.K., Chin, K.M., et Gnanajothy, P. (1994). "Cross-reactivity of monovalent and polyvalent Trimeresurus antivenoms with venoms from various species of Trimeresurus (lance-headed pit viper) snake". Toxicon 32 (7): 849–853.
Bibliographia
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Broadley, Donald G. 1974. A review of the cobras of the Naja nigricollis complex in southwestern Africa (Serpentes, Elapidae). Windhoek, S.W. Africae: Staatsmuseum.
- Brown, John H. 1973. Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Campifonte Illinoesiae: Charles C. Thomas. ISBN 978-0-398-02808-4. Editio interretialis.
- Laurenti, Iosephus Nicolaus. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum. Vindobonae: Joan Thomae. Editio interretialis.
- Van Wallach, Wolfgang Wüster, et Donald Broadley. 2009. "In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae)." Zootaxa 2236 (1): 26–36. PDF.
Nexus externi
[recensere | fontem recensere]
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Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Najam spectant. |
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Vide Najam in Victionario. |
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Situs scientifici: • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Fossilworks |
- Battaglia, V. 2006. Cobra. Naja. Dinosoria.com.