Africa
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Afrĭca (-ae, f.) est secunda a maxima et secunda a frequentissima orbis terrarum continens, bis post Asiam. Circa 30.2 milliones chiliometrorum quadratorum (11.7 milliones milium quadratorum) habens, inter quae insulae adiacentes, 6 centesimas superficiei Telluris et 20.4 centesimas areae terrestris contegit.[1] Continens, circa 1.0 billiones hominum in sexaginta quinque terris publicis habens (anno 2009), circa 14.72 centesimas orbis terrarum hominum sustinet.
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Africa a Mari Mediterraneo ad septentriones, Canali Suesiensi Marique Rubro secundum Paeninsulam Sinaiticam ad septentrionalem et orientem, Oceano Indico ad meridiem et orientem, et Oceano Atlantico ad occidentem cingitur. Continens Madagascariam variosque archipelagos comprehendit, et quinquaginta quattuor civitates suarum iurum agnitas habet, cum duabus civitatibus partim agnitis.
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Africa, praecipue media Africa Orientalis, late inter communitate scientifica origo putatur speciei Hominis sapientis et cladi Hominidarum, ut archaeologicum primarum Hominidarum et eorum maiorum inventum monstrat, cum posterioribus populis qui abhinc annorum circa septem milliones vixerunt—inter quos Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Australopithecus africanus, A. afarensis, Homo erectus, H. habilis, et H. ergaster—primo homine hodierno in Aethiopia ex tempore abhinc circa annorum 200 000 invento.
Africa, aequatorem varicans, multas regiones climaticas complectitur; quae est sola continens quae a zona temperata septentrionali ad zonam temperatam australem patet.[2] Exspectata auctus oeconomici velocitas Africana fuit circa 5.0 centesimae anno 2010 et 5.5 centesimae anno 2011.[3]
Civitas Africana numero incolarum prima est Nigeria. Continentis deserta latissima sunt Sahara.
Planities partem maiorem Africae occupant, desertis et savannis et iangalis opertae. Africae mons altissimus est Kilimandiarus (5895 m), et secundus Mons Nyssaeus (5199 m), utrique enim in Africa Orientali siti. Mons Atlas (4165 m) in Africa Septentrionali, Tibesti et Emi Koussi montes in Sahara, Mons Draconis in Africa Australi patent. Planities montana Abyssiniae est elevatio Africae latissima.
Etymologia
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Afri antiquitus erat nomen Carthaginiensibus adhibitum qui in Africa Septentrionali in terra nunc Tunisia habitabant. Eorum nomen usitate cum verbo Punico afar 'pulvis' conectitur, sed coniectura anno 1981[4] adfirmavit id ex vocabulo Berberico ifri vel ifran 'caverna', 'cavernae' deduci, ad homines qui in cavernis habitabant spectante.[5] Verba Africa et Ifri vel Afer[5] sunt nomen Banu Ifran ex Algeria et Tripolitania tribus Yafran (populi Berberensis) deductum.[6]
Karthago in dicione Romana caput Provinciae Africanae facta est, quod litoralem hodiernae Libyae partem comprehendebat.[7] Suffixum Latinum -ica aliquando terram designat (e.g., in Celtica ex Celtibus, nomine a Iulio Caesare usurpato). Ifriqiya, posterius regnum Musulmanum (nunc Tunisia), etiam formam nominis conservavit.
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Fluvii maiores
[recensere | fontem recensere]- Nilus (6800 km, 4200 mi), qui a Niansa sive Victoria Lacu in Mare Mediterraneum defluit
- Congus, qui in Oceanum Atlanticum defluit
- Niger fluvius, qui in Oceanum Atlanticum defluit
- Senega,[8] qui in Oceanum Atlanticum defluit
- Zambezi, qui in Oceanum Indicum defluit
- Limpopum, qui in Oceanum Indicum defluit
- Shari, se in lacum Tzadiam iactans
- Cubangum, quod Calaharam exsiccat
- Benues
Plantae
[recensere | fontem recensere]Civitates Africae
[recensere | fontem recensere]Aegyptus
Aethiopia
Africa Australis
Algerium
Angolia
Beninum
Botswana
Burkina
Burundia
Cameronia
Dzibutum
Erythraea
Gabonia
Gambia
Gana
Guinea
Guinea Aequatorensis
Guinea Bissaviensis
Insulae Comorianae
Insulae Sancti Thomae et Principis
Insulae Seisellenses
Kenia
Lesothum
Liberia
Libya
Litus Eburneum
Madagascaria
Malavium
Malium
Marocum
Mauritania
Mauritia
Mons Leoninus
Mozambicum
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Promontorium Viride
Respublica Africae Mediae
Respublica Congensis
Respublica Democratica Congensis
Ruanda
Senegalia
Somalia
Sudania
Sudania Australis
Swazia
Tanzania
Togum
Tunesia
Tzadia
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabua
Selectae gentes Africanae
[recensere | fontem recensere]Notae
[recensere | fontem recensere]- ↑ April Pulley Sayre, Africa (Twenty-First Century Books, 1999), ISBN 0761313672.
- ↑ Africa: General Information (Visual Geography).
- ↑ IMF WEO Oct. 2010.
- ↑ Names of countries, Decret et Fantar, 1981.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Georgii Babington Michell, "The Berbers," Journal of Royal African People 1903:161, URL.
- ↑ Edward Lipinski, Itineraria Phoenicia (Peeters Publishers, 2004), p. 200, ISBN 9042913444, URL.
- ↑ "Consultos.com etymology"
- ↑ Lexicon universale Hofmann
Bibliographia
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- Asante, Molefi. 2007. The History of Africa. Routledge. ISBN 0415771390.
- Clark, J. Desmond. 1970. The Prehistory of Africa. Londinii: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 9780500020692.
- Crowder, Michael. 1978. The Story of Nigeria. Londinii: Faber. ISBN 9780571049479.
- Davidson, Basil. 1966. The African Past: Chronicles from Antiquity to Modern Times. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
- Gordon, April A., et Donald L. Gordon. 1996. Understanding Contemporary Africa. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 9781555875473.
- Khapoya, Vincent B. 1998. The African Experience: An Introduction. Upper Saddle River Novae Caesareae: Prentice Hall. ISBN 9780137458523.
- Malone, Jacqui. 1996. Steppin' on the Blues: the Visible Rhythms of African American Dance. Urbanae: University of Illinois Press. OCLC 891842452.
- Naipaul, V. S. 2010. The Masque of Africa: Glimpses of African Belief. Picador. ISBN 9780330472050.
- Prendergast, Mary E., et al. 2019. "Ancient DNA reveals a multistep spread of the first herders into sub-Saharan Africa." Science.
- Shillington, Kevin. 2005. History of Africa. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-59957-0.
- Welsh-Asante, Kariamu. 2009. African Dance. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-2427-8.
Nexus interni
- Africa Today
- Aloysius Cadamostus
- Gangnihessou
- Historia Africae
- Litterae Africae
- Ordo unitatis Africanae
- Unio Africana
Nexus externi
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Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Africam spectant. |
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Situs geographici et historici: Locus: 21°5′38″N 7°11′17″E • GeoNames • Thesaurus Getty • Commentatio Theodisce, Francogallice, Italice apud Lexicon historicum Helveticum • Store norske Lexikon • Treccani |
Civitates |
Aegyptus · Aethiopia · Africa Australis · Algerium · Angolia · Beninum · Botswana · Burkina · Burundia · Cameronia · Dzibutum · Erythraea · Gabonia · Gambia · Gana · Guinea · Guinea Aequatorensis · Guinea Bissaviensis · Insulae Comorianae · Insulae Sancti Thomae et Principis · Insulae Seisellenses · Kenia · Lesothum · Liberia · Libya · Litus Eburneum · Madagascaria · Malavium · Malium · Marocum · Mauritania · Mauritia · Mons Leoninus · Mozambicum · Namibia · Nigeria · Promontorium Viride · Respublica Africae Mediae · Respublica Congensis (Brazzapolis) · Respublica Democratica Congensis (Kinshasa) · Res publica Nigritana · Ruanda · Senegalia · Somalia · Swazia · Sudania · Sudania Australis · Tanzania · Togum · Tunesia · Tzadia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabua |
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Territoria |
Insula Sanctae Helenae · Sahara Occidentalis · Reunio · Maiotta · Insulae Madeirae · Rusadir · Septa · Insulae Canariae |