Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Ingénierie Architecturales

In the context of this paper, we pose the question of the conditions of possible link and reconciliation between CAD and other courses provided as part of the national diploma of architect. For this purpose, we expose our CAD-teaching experience at the national school of architecture and urban planning of Tunis. We start with a contextualization by the introduction of BIM’s academic and professional contributions and Revit as one of the essential software of the BIM. In second report, we report the main experiments that marked this experience. First, an introduction to HBIM through the restitutive parametric modeling of historical and archaeological monuments (under Revit) ; secondly , a BIM’s experiment oriented to introduce the digital model as a transdisciplinary application and a pedagogical support that brings the CAD course closer to other courses (including the architectural project), finally the modeling of an iconic architectural models of the history and theory of architecture. We conclude with a retrospective review of this pedagogic experience.

This paper presents a large part of the results of a doctoral research entitled 'Syntactic modelling of the city and housing in the Phoenician-Punic era in the central sphere of the Mediterranean'. It constitutes a contribution in the field that formalizes the fundamental and complex link between architecture and society and as its title states; it combines and crosses two disciplines, archaeology and architecture. Mainly, this paper focuses on the urban dwelling in the Carthaginian territories along its natural borders and its political expansion in the central Mediterranean and during the first millennium BC. It apprehends domestic architecture as one of the most expressive reflections of the collective identity and the personality of a culture and considers that the house carries cultural information in its form and its space configuration and has the merit to inform about social and symbolic aspects of this occult civilization that suffers from a documentary deficit, partiality and lack of objectivity of literary sources. Our main purpose is to try to understand if these houses could maintain, at the level of their spatiality and visibility, a unity that could identify them respectively as an architectural genotype. The application of the syntactic approach (permeability and visibility analyses) to the study of an exhaustive sample of urban houses from several Phoenician-Punic territories (185 urban dwellings in all, from the African-Punic territory-Carthage metropolis and Kerkouane Punic City-, Sicily-the Punic dwellings of Selinunte-and Sardinia-Monte Sirai Phoenician-Punic city) allowed to detect the spatial and visual logic and to confirm the famous historical passage of the ancient geographer Strabon. The latter postulates that the existence of a certain number of distinctive Phoenician-Punic morphological characters. The study allowed to achieve a typological classification of canonical types of Phoenician-Punic houses; to identify their functional, spatial and visual organization based on a strong dichotomy between private and public domain; to deduce the common and repetitive organizing principles that give this domestic architecture its particular identity (its genotype); to establish the relation between the symbolic aspects related to this kind of spatial organization which is expressed by a repulsive faculty, segregation, privacy and dominance; and finally to state some previews on this society, which gains on segregation and folds on itself. These results corroborate some findings of archaeological research and historical discourse suggesting that this culture, despite the fact that it succeeded in marking humanity by its many inputs that had contributed to Africa's conversion and integration into the Mediterranean had failed to challenge and accept the other. Keywords Phoenician-Punic domestic space, household archaeology, permeability graph analysis, visibility graph analysis, socio-symbolic expressions and socio-cultural dimensions.

This paper presents a large part of the results of a doctoral research entitled ‘Syntactic modelling of the city and housing in the Phoenician-Punic era in the central sphere of the Mediterranean’. It constitutes a contribution in the field that formalizes the fundamental and complex link between architecture and society and as its title states; it combines and crosses two disciplines, archaeology and architecture. Mainly, this paper focuses on the urban dwelling in the Carthaginian territories along its natural borders and its political expansion in the central Mediterranean and during the first millennium BC. It apprehends domestic architecture as one of the most expressive reflections of the collective identity and the personality of a culture and considers that the house carries cultural information in its form and its space configuration and has the merit to inform about social and symbolic aspects of this occult civilization that suffers from a documentary deficit, partiality ...

he Phoenician and Punic urban space has been little dealt with outside the archaeological field,
which, for almost half a century, has devoted numerous excavations and publications to it which
have, considerably enriched the knowledge on the subject. It is a field that has been struck by its
originality and elaboration, which led the geographer and historian of the 1st century B.C Strabo
to assert in a famous passage that a certain number of particular morphological characteristics
distinguished the Phoenician cities, using a noun that refers to the meaning of "form", "external
appearance" or "general appearance", which makes Strabo a precursor in the morphological
approach of urban phenomena. The Space Syntax perspective applied to the study of the two
best-preserved Phoenician and Punic agglomerations and the least subject to controversy
(Kerkouane in African territory and Monte Sirai in Sardinia), has allowed us to study the flexible
urban structure of ancient Phoenician cities and has offered us a non-invasive approach to the
investigation of urban archaeology and a valuable amount of spatial data that can reveal
suggestive features of the nature of urban communities that lived between the fortifications of
these two cities. Through this paper, while focusing our study on these two settlements as part of
a comparative approach and using the hypothetical restitution based on the virtual simulation and
the syntactic analysis (the analysis of visibility and the axial analysis developed by using
Dephtmap software), we will confirm the famous passage of the ancient geographer Strabo; we
have tried to interpret and restore the behaviour of the residents and visitors of these Phoenician
and Punic settlements in order to bring out the particularities of this urban organization on the
functional, spatial and finally social level by emphasizing the structuring of the private space,
This is a complementary and indistinguishable entity that constitutes this unit which is "the city"
and which has the merit of informing on social and symbolic aspects of its culture and that it can
only be considered as a part of an entire social and spatial system that encompasses it.

Cet article reprend les résultats préliminaires d’un travail de mastère portant sur l’architecture domestique punique : Il propose d’aborder l’étude spatiale de l’habitat punique en essayant d’inspecter le postulat  qui fait de cette architecture domestique émane d’un savoir faire architectural.
Nous nous intéresserons plus précisément à  l’organisation de l’habitat et de l’espace urbain Carthaginois. Nous nous interrogerons aussi sur la structuration de l’espace privé, semi-public et public,  qui sont en effet des entités complémentaires et indissociables formant une unité à savoir « la ville ».
Il présente des résultats relatifs au premier axe de cette recherche qui caractérise morphologiquement l’espace domestique punique et met en exergue les modalités de son organisation. La méthode utilisée
pour étudier les singularités, dans un corpus de plus  que 30 habitats puniques, est d’essence typologique,  architecturologique et morphosyntaxique.
Ce présent article qui donne un aperçu sur l’approche  méthodologique adoptée se veut également une  contribution dans le champ formalisant le lien  fondamental et complexe entre architecture et  archéologie.

Dans cet article, nous nous intéressons à exposer un retour d’expérience
pédagogique dans le cadre de l’enseignement de la CAO Conception Assistée par Ordinateur à l’école nationale d’architecture et d’urbanisme de Tunis : un apprentissage opérationnalisé et mis à l’épreuve auprès des étudiant-es de la 4ème année (diplôme national d’architecte). D’abord, il s'agit de montrer que la CAO dont le BIM et HBIM sont vus comme des évolutions spécialisées et l'histoire de l'architecture, champs apparemment distincts peuvent faire l'objet d'approches transversales et que l'enseignement de la CAO ne peut se limiter au juste apprentissage et maitrise des outils de modélisation paramétrique mais qu’il doit dépasser ces aspects strictement instrumentaux afin de montrer que cet outil est un atout majeur pour la connaissance interdisciplinaire, la transmission et la production de savoir. Nous commençons par mettre en contexte l’enseignement, ses notions opératrices et ses objets de modélisation (les villas palladiennes) pour ensuite nous intéresser au cadre pédagogique par l’exploration des différentes étapes du processus de modélisation
engagé afin de bien illustrer le rôle positif de cette méthode pour la manipulation et le transfert des savoir-faire architecturaux dans le cadre d’une modélisation paramétrique historique .En conclusion, un bilan, des atouts et des limitations de l’expérimentation pédagogique seront proposées.

Ce papier débute avec un aperçu sur la politique patrimoniale en Tunisie en matière de gestion des connaissances et d’inventaire numérique relative à l’information patrimoniale. Cette partie consiste à dresser un bilan sur les différents programmes et projets d’inventaire numérique engagés par le ministère de la culture tunisien. Ensuite, elle étudie les limites face aux enjeux actuels, en matière de la mise en valeur et de la promotion culturelle, de ces programmes qui furent et demeurent d’un apport certain et incontestable, reconnu par tous les acteurs actifs du patrimoine culturel. Enfin et dans une perspective prospective, nous présentons une tentative de vision stratégique ‘pour promouvoir’ l’un de nos sites culturels les plus emblématiques (le site archéologique de Carthage) en se basant principalement sur une conception prospective et anticipative qui présume l’utilisation des nouvelles connaissances et des techniques de gestion de l’information au service de l’inaltérabilité ,la durabilité de ce patrimoine et d’en assurer l’accessibilité par le public.

In an era of changes in the means of representation and communication in architecture and following a few years of teaching of CAD, an operational methodology for the recognition and management of cultural heritage has been defined proposing to students of the National School of Architecture and Urban Planning of Tunis, explorations of objects in design related to architectural heritage and based on the manipulation of the achievements and architectural know-how proclaiming that in a similar way to teaching of architecture that cannot be limited to the practice of the project, the CAD teaching cannot be limited to the learning and mastery of modelling tools, but must go beyond these strictly instrumental aspects in order to show that modelling(BIM) is a tool of knowledge in its own right and to take advantage of this transversal or hybrid dimension that characterises it (conservation of the Cultural heritage is an excellent path for exploring this dimension).