1 The spread of foreign languages, especially French, under European colonial rule inspired certa... more 1 The spread of foreign languages, especially French, under European colonial rule inspired certain Arabic writers and scholars in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century to look at ways to develop the Arabic language. This happened because they felt that foreign languages had started to overtake Arabic because they were easier to read (ZAKĪ 1901: 2). In this paper, I will discuss the use of punctuation marks in Arabic texts since the mid-nineteenth century as an example of the evolution of Arabic writing due to European influence. I will explain the reasons why punctuation marks were integrated into Arabic texts, quoting Arabic writers and scholars from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. These include Zaynab Fawwāz, 2 the first writer to address the issue of punctuation marks in Arabic writings (FAWWĀZ 2007: 105-107), and ʾAḥmad Zakī 3 who officially integrated punctuation into the Arabic language (ZAKĪ 1912). I will also explain the opposition...
The spread of foreign languages, especially French, under European colonial rule inspired certain... more The spread of foreign languages, especially French, under European colonial rule inspired certain Arabic writers and scholars in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century to look at ways to develop the Arabic language. This happened because they felt that foreign languages had started to overtake Arabic because they were easier to read (ZAKĪ 1901: 2). In this paper, I will discuss the use of punctuation marks in Arabic texts since the mid-nineteenth century as an example of the evolution of Arabic writing due to European influence. I will explain the reasons why punctuation marks were integrated into Arabic texts, quoting Arabic writers and scholars from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. These include Zaynab Fawwāz, the first writer to address the issue of punctuation marks in Arabic writings (FAWWĀZ 2007: 105-107), and ʾAḥmad Zakī who officially integrated punctuation into the Arabic language (ZAKĪ 1912). I will also explain the opposition that ...
Nous presentons dans ce travail un apercu historique et actuel des signes de ponctuation dans les... more Nous presentons dans ce travail un apercu historique et actuel des signes de ponctuation dans les ecrits arabe, avec une etude contrastive sur l'utilisation des signes de ponctuation dans differentes langues comme le francais et l'anglais. Dans ce travail nous essayons de tracer l'histoire de la ponctuation dans le monde arabe par trois etapes : - etudier d'abord l'existence et les definitions de la notion de separation entre phrases dans les ecritures arabes, - puis etudier la notion de pause dans le texte coranique, -ensuite chercher dans les documents du dix-neuvieme et du vingtieme siecle les raisons de l'integration des signes de ponctuation employes en Europe dans les ecrits arabes. L'apercu actuel des signes de ponctuation dans ce travail est base sur l'analyse de plusieurs corpus de natures diverses : des corpus litteraires et journalistiques de differents pays arabes. Ces analyses de corpus seraient un essai de generaliser les regles d'emploi de chaque signe de ponctuation et pour voir si, en effet, nous pouvons generaliser l'emploi de la ponctuation, la considerant ainsi comme independante du style individuel de l'ecrivain. A la fin de ce travail, nous presentons une etude comparative entre la ponctuation arabe, francaise et anglaise. Cette etude est effectuee a partir des analyses de corpus bilingues (francais-arabe, arabe-francais, arabe-anglais, anglais-arabe) afin de voir a quel point la ponctuation arabe est inspiree de la ponctuation anglaise et francais, et pour etudier la relation entre ponctuation et traduction.
Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2016 Issue 1, 2016
1. IntroductionPunctuation can be defined as the use of spacing and conventional signs to help th... more 1. IntroductionPunctuation can be defined as the use of spacing and conventional signs to help the understanding of the handwritten and printed texts. Punctuation marks are used to create sense, clarity and stress in sentences and they are also used to structure and organize the text.The punctuation rules vary with language and register. Some punctuation aspects of are stylistic choices. For language such Arabic, the punctuation marks are relatively a modern innovation since Arabic did not use punctuation and therefore the punctuation rules in Arabic are not always consistently used. From a Natural Language Processing (NLP) perspective, punctuation marks can be useful in the automatic sentence Segmentation tasks, since the sentences boundaries and phrase boundaries can be estimated according to punctuation marks. Moreover and as shown by a number of studies, the absence of punctuation could be confusing both for humans and computers.Furthermore, many NLP systems trained on well form...
يهدف البحث إلى تحليل الوحدات اللغويّة المستخدمة للحديث عن مرض كوفيد 19 في المقالات الصحفيّة ودراس... more يهدف البحث إلى تحليل الوحدات اللغويّة المستخدمة للحديث عن مرض كوفيد 19 في المقالات الصحفيّة ودراسة تطوّرها من تسميات إلى كلمات إلى مصطلحات، كما ويهدف إلى تحديد منهجيّة خلق المصطلحات العربيّة بشكلٍ عام وخلق مصطلحات مرتبطة بكوفيد 19 بشكلٍ خاص وكيف أثّر هذا الوباء على خلق مصطلحاته كون النصوص العلميّة حوله تهمّ المختصّين وغير المختصّين على حدٍّ سواء. اعتمدنا في تحليلنا على مدوّنة تتألّف من عدّة مقالات ومواقع صحفيّة عربيّة من بلدان مختلفة. The research aims to analyze the linguistic units used to talk about COVID 19 in press articles and to study their evolution from designations to words and then terms. It also aims to define the methodology for creating Arabic terms in general and terms related to COVID 19 in particular. We demonstrate how this epidemic affected its terminology creation, as scientific texts about COVID 19 are of interest to specialists and non-specialists alike. Our analysis is based on a corpus composed of several articles and Arab press websites from different countries.
in Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020 (Yannis Haralambous, Ed.), Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 5, Brest: Fluxus Editions, 1081–1093., 2021
The objective of this paper is to address the problem of translating punctuation marks: is it rea... more The objective of this paper is to address the problem of translating punctuation marks: is it really possible to translate punctuation the same way we translate vocabulary? or is it only a transfer of the functional use of punctuation marks from a source language to a target language? In order to study the role of punctuation marks in translation theories and practice, we first attempt to iden tify the nature and function of punctuation from a traductological perspective. The second part of our paper is a FrenchArabic corpus analysis of the translation of punctuation marks. Our corpus analysis is based on Amin Maalouf's book Les identités meurtrières and its translation into Arabic.
Revue Conversations des études brachylogiques, 2020
Résumé
Cet article est un essai de démontrer l’importance de la création d’un arbre de domaine d... more Résumé
Cet article est un essai de démontrer l’importance de la création d’un arbre de domaine d’un domaine récent (2012) avant la création d’un dictionnaire spécialisé. Il s’agit d’un plan méthodique qui suggère des étapes à suivre avant d’aborder l’élaboration du dictionnaire de la nouvelle brachylogie ; un domaine récent mais dont la plupart des termes existe déjà dans les domaines voisins comme la linguistique, pour cela, mon travail est centré sur l’analyse cognitive des terme au lieu de l’analyse morphologique afin de donner une spécificité aux termes au sein de la nouvelle brachylogie, ce qui permettrai de considérer le domaine en tant que champ d’étude autonome à l’égard des domaines proches.
Mot clés : terminologie, concept, traits de substance, arbre de domaine.
Abstract
This article is an attempt to demonstrate the importance of creating a conceptual tree for a recent field (that was created in 2012) before creating its specialized dictionary. This is a methodical plan that suggests steps to follow before starting to develop the dictionary of new brachylogy; a recent field- but most of its terms already exist in neighboring fields such as linguistics; for this, my work is centered on the cognitive analysis of terms instead of a morphological analysis to give a specificity to the terms within the field of new brachylogy, which will make it possible to consider it as an autonomous field of study.
Key words: terminology, concept, intrinsic traits, conceptual tree of terms.
يعالج هذا المقال تعليم الناطق بغير العربيّة إثراء مخزونه المفرداتيّ للّغة العربيّة الفصحى. ويشرح... more يعالج هذا المقال تعليم الناطق بغير العربيّة إثراء مخزونه المفرداتيّ للّغة العربيّة الفصحى. ويشرح، بالتجربة العمليّة، كيفيّة الاستفادة من المعجم الورقيّ للّغة العربيّة المعاصرة لتحقيق هذا الغرض؛ حيث أنّ البحث في المعجم العربيّ يجبر الطالب على تفكيك الكلمة لتحديد جذرها ووزنها، وبالتالي يوظّف الطالب معرفته المكتسبة بقواعد الصّرف العربيّ لهذا الغرض كما ويدرك الأهميّة الدّلاليّة لوزن الكلمة، ممّا يساعده على فهم منطق تشكيل المفردات العربيّة وبالتالي يعطيه القدرة على التصرّف في النصّوص التي يقرؤها خارج الصف. يقدّم المقال منهجيّة محدّدة لاستخدام المعجم داخل الصف للمستوى ما قبل المتوسّط ويشرح الصّعوبات التي تواجه طلّاب هذا المستوى عند البحث في المعجم مع اقتراح حلول لكلّ صعوبة، ويقدّم آليّة تساعد على سدّ الثغرات الموجودة في متن المعجم العربيّ استناداً إلى نظريّة المعجم التفسيري التأليفي.
كلمات مفاتيح: اكتساب المفردات، الصرف العربي، المعجم العربي، المعجم التفسيري التأليفي.
This article discusses vocabulary teaching in TAFL (Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language), and the ways by which we can increase the foreign student’s Arabic mental lexicon. It shows how the Arabic paper dictionary can be beneficial for this purpose- since looking up a word in the Arabic dictionary forces the student to find its root and scheme, which puts into use his knowledge in Arabic morphology and enables him to see the semantic importance of each scheme. This will teach him the logic of Arabic word formation and will facilitate his reading in Arabic outside of class. In this article, we give a specific methodology to use the dictionary in class for pre-intermediate students and we highlight the difficulties that students at this level face when looking up a word. We also suggest solutions for each difficulty as well as a methodology to fill the gaps in the microstructure of Arabic dictionaries using the explanatory and combinatorial lexicology theory.
ضمن كتاب: تداخل النظريّات اللّسانيّة والنقديّة المعاصرة وتكاملها, 2019
يتناول هذا المقال دراسة عن التأثير التاريخي والتأثير الحالي للترجمة على الكتابة العربيّة بما يخ... more يتناول هذا المقال دراسة عن التأثير التاريخي والتأثير الحالي للترجمة على الكتابة العربيّة بما يخصّ استخدام علامات الترقيم. يتجلّى التأثير التاريخي للترجمة بكونها أوحت للكتّاب بضرورة ترقيم أعمالهم. أمّا عن تأثيرها الحالي، فسنحاول أن ندرس أثر الترجمة على قواعد الترقيم في اللّغة العربيّة وعلى الأسلوبيّة العربيّة بشكلٍ عام عن طريق دراسة تطوّر قواعد الترقيم في اللّغة العربيّة كي تتناسب مع قواعد اللّغة، وعن طريق دراسة أثر اللّغة الإنجليزيّة (كونها الأكثر ترجمةً إلى اللّغة العربيّة) على الأسلوبيّة العربيّة وبالتالي على ترقيم الكتابة العربيّة. يتحدّث الجزء الثالث من المقال عن الاختلافات المودجودة في قواعد الترقيم بين اللّغتين العربيّة والإنجليزيّة وعن كيفيّة تعامل المترجم مع هذه الاختلافات. كلمات مفتاح: ترجمة، علامات الترقيم، لغة عربيّة، لغة إنجليزيّة، الكتابة العربيّة.
Abstract
This article talks about the historical and current influence of translation on Arabic writing regarding the use of punctuation marks. The historical influence of translation is that it inspired writers to punctuate their literary texts. The current influence is a study of the influence of translation on punctuation rules and on Arabic stylistic in general; we, therefore, attempt to demonstrate the evolution of Arabic punctuation rules in order to conform to the language’s grammatical rules, as well as to study the influence of English (The most translated language into Arabic) in Arabic literary stylistics and as a result, in Arabic punctuation. The third part of this paper talks about the difference in punctuation rules between Arabic and English and how do translators today deal with these differences when translating. Key words: translation, punctuation marks, Arabic, English, Arabic writing.
Conversations: Journal of Brachylogical Studies, 2019
Brachylogical aspects in Simplified Technical English: Delocalization of Scientific Knowledge thr... more Brachylogical aspects in Simplified Technical English: Delocalization of Scientific Knowledge through Brachylogy
Simplified Technical English (STE) is a controlled language (also called standardized language) formed from English. It was initially created to write manuals in aerospace and defense industry and its use then expanded and is used by companies to write technical texts (usually machine use and maintenance instructions), the aim of this language is to make technical manuals understandable for people with little knowledge of English. Therefore, unlike the natural English language, STE has specific rules in writing and in the choice of words and terms in order to make sentences shorter, more precise and easier to understand. My article aims to explore aspects of brachylogy in STE and how they contributed to this language’s precision and readability.
Les aspects brachylogiques dans l’Anglais Technique Simplifié (STE) : La délocalisation du savoir scientifique par la brachylogie
L'anglais technique simplifié (STE) est une langue contrôlée (aussi appelée langue normalisée ou langue limitée) formée à partir de l'anglais. Il a été créé à l'origine pour rédiger des manuels de maintenance dans l'industrie aérospatiale. Son utilisation a ensuite été étendue : Il est utilisé par les entreprises pour rédiger des textes techniques (généralement des instructions d'utilisation et de maintenance de machines). Cette langue a pour objectif de rendre les manuels techniques compréhensibles pour les personnes qui connaissent peu l’anglais. Par conséquent, contrairement à la langue anglaise naturelle, STE a des règles spécifiques concernant l'écriture et le choix des mots et des termes afin de rendre les phrases plus courtes, plus précises et plus faciles à comprendre. Mon article a pour objectif d’explorer les aspects de la brachylogie dans STE et de déterminer comment ils ont contribué à la précision et à la facilité de lire cette langue par les non anglophones.
Mots clés : brachylogy, simplicité, concision, précision, terminologie.
Revue Conversations des études brachylogiques, Num. 6, 2019
Brachylogie et caricature : La manière brève pour vulgariser l’actualité journalistique
La Brac... more Brachylogie et caricature : La manière brève pour vulgariser l’actualité journalistique
La Brachylogie dans la caricature est principalement nécessaire en raison de manque d’espace d’écriture dans le dessin. Mais nous considérons que la brachylogie dans cet art a une valeur sémantique importante ; Le choix d’un mot ou d’une phrase brève pour refléter une actualité journalistique ou critiquer une affaire sociale, a plus d’effet que des phrases longues au niveau communicationnelle car il facilite la transmission de l’information journalistique aux différentes tranches de la société, quelle que soit leur âge ou leur niveau d’éducation. Le but principal de la brachylogie dans cet art est donc la vulgarisation de l’information présente dans les articles de journaux, et par la vulgarisation de l’information, on crée une opinion publique collective. Dans le présent article, nous essayerons de donner une définition à la brachylogie employée dans la caricature et nous analyserons les « manières brèves » employés dans cet art afin de rendre l’information accessible à tous et afin de créer une opinion publique dominante dans la société. Mot clés : Brachylogie, caricature, sémantique, vulgarisation, opinion publique, stéréotype.
Brachylogy and caricature: Using brief writing to vulgarize journalistic news
Brachylogy in caricature is, in the first place, a necessity due to lack of written space. Nevertheless, we believe that brachylogy adds an important semantic value to this art; choosing a word or a brief sentence to represent current news or to criticize a social matter is a more effective way of communication with the reader than using long descriptive sentences because it facilitates the transmission of journalistic information to all groups of society regardless of age or level of education. Therefore, we see that the main objective of brachylogy in caricature is to vulgarize the journalistic information written in newspaper articles, and this vulgarization is a tool to create a collective public opinion. In this article, we will first attempt to define brachylogy in caricature, we will then analyze the ‘brief ways of writing’ used in this art in order to make journalistic information comprehensible for everyone, thus creating a dominant public opinion in society. Key words: Brachylogy, caricature, semantics, vulgarization, public opinion, stereotype.
We present our effort to build a large scale punctuated corpus for Arabic. We illustrate in detai... more We present our effort to build a large scale punctuated corpus for Arabic. We illustrate in details our punctuation annotation guidelines designed to improve the annotation work flow and the inter-annotator agreement. We summarize the guidelines created, discuss the annotation framework and show the Arabic punctuation peculiarities. Our guidelines were used by trained annotators and regular inter-annotator agreement measures were performed to ensure the annotation quality. We highlight the main difficulties related to the Arabic punctuation annotation that arose during this project.
This research aims to provide an analytical study on the use of punctuation by sarcastic Arabic w... more This research aims to provide an analytical study on the use of punctuation by sarcastic Arabic writers, including satirical novels and articles. An analysis of the use of punctuation in ironic texts is different from the standard analysis of punctuation marks because of the communicative nature of irony that aims to influence readers through the choice of words and through text segmentation. This leads the reading process by highlighting certain passages in the sentence without the other. The use of colloquial words and expressions in irony produces an informal text, which requires a study of the pausal impact of punctuation regardless of the grammatical structure of the sentence. Due to the nature of satirical texts and the fact that Arabic satirical writers do not abide by a "common standard" to punctuate their work, but to their own " individual standard " by which they punctuate their books, we suggest semiotic analysis as a suitable way to study the functions of punctuation marks in satirical texts. In this article we suggest a semiotic method to analyze punctuation marks used in ironic texts. We apply this method to the works of famous sarcastic Arabic writers.
عنوان محاضرتي "مهارات البحث للمهن اللغوية". إنّ المهن اللغويّة الرائجة هي كتابة المحتوى، التوطين ... more عنوان محاضرتي "مهارات البحث للمهن اللغوية". إنّ المهن اللغويّة الرائجة هي كتابة المحتوى، التوطين اللّغوي والترجمة... وهي المهن المطلوبة حاليّاً من خرّيجي اللّغات أو الترجمة. تركّز المحاضرة على مهارات البحث اللازمة لممارسة هذه المهن باللغة العربية: أنواع البحوث اللغوية اللازمة، صعوبات البحث اللغوي العربي ، وطرق تأطير البحث اللغوي لضمان نتائج صحيحة.
1 The spread of foreign languages, especially French, under European colonial rule inspired certa... more 1 The spread of foreign languages, especially French, under European colonial rule inspired certain Arabic writers and scholars in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century to look at ways to develop the Arabic language. This happened because they felt that foreign languages had started to overtake Arabic because they were easier to read (ZAKĪ 1901: 2). In this paper, I will discuss the use of punctuation marks in Arabic texts since the mid-nineteenth century as an example of the evolution of Arabic writing due to European influence. I will explain the reasons why punctuation marks were integrated into Arabic texts, quoting Arabic writers and scholars from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. These include Zaynab Fawwāz, 2 the first writer to address the issue of punctuation marks in Arabic writings (FAWWĀZ 2007: 105-107), and ʾAḥmad Zakī 3 who officially integrated punctuation into the Arabic language (ZAKĪ 1912). I will also explain the opposition...
The spread of foreign languages, especially French, under European colonial rule inspired certain... more The spread of foreign languages, especially French, under European colonial rule inspired certain Arabic writers and scholars in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century to look at ways to develop the Arabic language. This happened because they felt that foreign languages had started to overtake Arabic because they were easier to read (ZAKĪ 1901: 2). In this paper, I will discuss the use of punctuation marks in Arabic texts since the mid-nineteenth century as an example of the evolution of Arabic writing due to European influence. I will explain the reasons why punctuation marks were integrated into Arabic texts, quoting Arabic writers and scholars from the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century. These include Zaynab Fawwāz, the first writer to address the issue of punctuation marks in Arabic writings (FAWWĀZ 2007: 105-107), and ʾAḥmad Zakī who officially integrated punctuation into the Arabic language (ZAKĪ 1912). I will also explain the opposition that ...
Nous presentons dans ce travail un apercu historique et actuel des signes de ponctuation dans les... more Nous presentons dans ce travail un apercu historique et actuel des signes de ponctuation dans les ecrits arabe, avec une etude contrastive sur l'utilisation des signes de ponctuation dans differentes langues comme le francais et l'anglais. Dans ce travail nous essayons de tracer l'histoire de la ponctuation dans le monde arabe par trois etapes : - etudier d'abord l'existence et les definitions de la notion de separation entre phrases dans les ecritures arabes, - puis etudier la notion de pause dans le texte coranique, -ensuite chercher dans les documents du dix-neuvieme et du vingtieme siecle les raisons de l'integration des signes de ponctuation employes en Europe dans les ecrits arabes. L'apercu actuel des signes de ponctuation dans ce travail est base sur l'analyse de plusieurs corpus de natures diverses : des corpus litteraires et journalistiques de differents pays arabes. Ces analyses de corpus seraient un essai de generaliser les regles d'emploi de chaque signe de ponctuation et pour voir si, en effet, nous pouvons generaliser l'emploi de la ponctuation, la considerant ainsi comme independante du style individuel de l'ecrivain. A la fin de ce travail, nous presentons une etude comparative entre la ponctuation arabe, francaise et anglaise. Cette etude est effectuee a partir des analyses de corpus bilingues (francais-arabe, arabe-francais, arabe-anglais, anglais-arabe) afin de voir a quel point la ponctuation arabe est inspiree de la ponctuation anglaise et francais, et pour etudier la relation entre ponctuation et traduction.
Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings Volume 2016 Issue 1, 2016
1. IntroductionPunctuation can be defined as the use of spacing and conventional signs to help th... more 1. IntroductionPunctuation can be defined as the use of spacing and conventional signs to help the understanding of the handwritten and printed texts. Punctuation marks are used to create sense, clarity and stress in sentences and they are also used to structure and organize the text.The punctuation rules vary with language and register. Some punctuation aspects of are stylistic choices. For language such Arabic, the punctuation marks are relatively a modern innovation since Arabic did not use punctuation and therefore the punctuation rules in Arabic are not always consistently used. From a Natural Language Processing (NLP) perspective, punctuation marks can be useful in the automatic sentence Segmentation tasks, since the sentences boundaries and phrase boundaries can be estimated according to punctuation marks. Moreover and as shown by a number of studies, the absence of punctuation could be confusing both for humans and computers.Furthermore, many NLP systems trained on well form...
يهدف البحث إلى تحليل الوحدات اللغويّة المستخدمة للحديث عن مرض كوفيد 19 في المقالات الصحفيّة ودراس... more يهدف البحث إلى تحليل الوحدات اللغويّة المستخدمة للحديث عن مرض كوفيد 19 في المقالات الصحفيّة ودراسة تطوّرها من تسميات إلى كلمات إلى مصطلحات، كما ويهدف إلى تحديد منهجيّة خلق المصطلحات العربيّة بشكلٍ عام وخلق مصطلحات مرتبطة بكوفيد 19 بشكلٍ خاص وكيف أثّر هذا الوباء على خلق مصطلحاته كون النصوص العلميّة حوله تهمّ المختصّين وغير المختصّين على حدٍّ سواء. اعتمدنا في تحليلنا على مدوّنة تتألّف من عدّة مقالات ومواقع صحفيّة عربيّة من بلدان مختلفة. The research aims to analyze the linguistic units used to talk about COVID 19 in press articles and to study their evolution from designations to words and then terms. It also aims to define the methodology for creating Arabic terms in general and terms related to COVID 19 in particular. We demonstrate how this epidemic affected its terminology creation, as scientific texts about COVID 19 are of interest to specialists and non-specialists alike. Our analysis is based on a corpus composed of several articles and Arab press websites from different countries.
in Proceedings of Grapholinguistics in the 21st Century, 2020 (Yannis Haralambous, Ed.), Grapholinguistics and Its Applications, Vol. 5, Brest: Fluxus Editions, 1081–1093., 2021
The objective of this paper is to address the problem of translating punctuation marks: is it rea... more The objective of this paper is to address the problem of translating punctuation marks: is it really possible to translate punctuation the same way we translate vocabulary? or is it only a transfer of the functional use of punctuation marks from a source language to a target language? In order to study the role of punctuation marks in translation theories and practice, we first attempt to iden tify the nature and function of punctuation from a traductological perspective. The second part of our paper is a FrenchArabic corpus analysis of the translation of punctuation marks. Our corpus analysis is based on Amin Maalouf's book Les identités meurtrières and its translation into Arabic.
Revue Conversations des études brachylogiques, 2020
Résumé
Cet article est un essai de démontrer l’importance de la création d’un arbre de domaine d... more Résumé
Cet article est un essai de démontrer l’importance de la création d’un arbre de domaine d’un domaine récent (2012) avant la création d’un dictionnaire spécialisé. Il s’agit d’un plan méthodique qui suggère des étapes à suivre avant d’aborder l’élaboration du dictionnaire de la nouvelle brachylogie ; un domaine récent mais dont la plupart des termes existe déjà dans les domaines voisins comme la linguistique, pour cela, mon travail est centré sur l’analyse cognitive des terme au lieu de l’analyse morphologique afin de donner une spécificité aux termes au sein de la nouvelle brachylogie, ce qui permettrai de considérer le domaine en tant que champ d’étude autonome à l’égard des domaines proches.
Mot clés : terminologie, concept, traits de substance, arbre de domaine.
Abstract
This article is an attempt to demonstrate the importance of creating a conceptual tree for a recent field (that was created in 2012) before creating its specialized dictionary. This is a methodical plan that suggests steps to follow before starting to develop the dictionary of new brachylogy; a recent field- but most of its terms already exist in neighboring fields such as linguistics; for this, my work is centered on the cognitive analysis of terms instead of a morphological analysis to give a specificity to the terms within the field of new brachylogy, which will make it possible to consider it as an autonomous field of study.
Key words: terminology, concept, intrinsic traits, conceptual tree of terms.
يعالج هذا المقال تعليم الناطق بغير العربيّة إثراء مخزونه المفرداتيّ للّغة العربيّة الفصحى. ويشرح... more يعالج هذا المقال تعليم الناطق بغير العربيّة إثراء مخزونه المفرداتيّ للّغة العربيّة الفصحى. ويشرح، بالتجربة العمليّة، كيفيّة الاستفادة من المعجم الورقيّ للّغة العربيّة المعاصرة لتحقيق هذا الغرض؛ حيث أنّ البحث في المعجم العربيّ يجبر الطالب على تفكيك الكلمة لتحديد جذرها ووزنها، وبالتالي يوظّف الطالب معرفته المكتسبة بقواعد الصّرف العربيّ لهذا الغرض كما ويدرك الأهميّة الدّلاليّة لوزن الكلمة، ممّا يساعده على فهم منطق تشكيل المفردات العربيّة وبالتالي يعطيه القدرة على التصرّف في النصّوص التي يقرؤها خارج الصف. يقدّم المقال منهجيّة محدّدة لاستخدام المعجم داخل الصف للمستوى ما قبل المتوسّط ويشرح الصّعوبات التي تواجه طلّاب هذا المستوى عند البحث في المعجم مع اقتراح حلول لكلّ صعوبة، ويقدّم آليّة تساعد على سدّ الثغرات الموجودة في متن المعجم العربيّ استناداً إلى نظريّة المعجم التفسيري التأليفي.
كلمات مفاتيح: اكتساب المفردات، الصرف العربي، المعجم العربي، المعجم التفسيري التأليفي.
This article discusses vocabulary teaching in TAFL (Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language), and the ways by which we can increase the foreign student’s Arabic mental lexicon. It shows how the Arabic paper dictionary can be beneficial for this purpose- since looking up a word in the Arabic dictionary forces the student to find its root and scheme, which puts into use his knowledge in Arabic morphology and enables him to see the semantic importance of each scheme. This will teach him the logic of Arabic word formation and will facilitate his reading in Arabic outside of class. In this article, we give a specific methodology to use the dictionary in class for pre-intermediate students and we highlight the difficulties that students at this level face when looking up a word. We also suggest solutions for each difficulty as well as a methodology to fill the gaps in the microstructure of Arabic dictionaries using the explanatory and combinatorial lexicology theory.
ضمن كتاب: تداخل النظريّات اللّسانيّة والنقديّة المعاصرة وتكاملها, 2019
يتناول هذا المقال دراسة عن التأثير التاريخي والتأثير الحالي للترجمة على الكتابة العربيّة بما يخ... more يتناول هذا المقال دراسة عن التأثير التاريخي والتأثير الحالي للترجمة على الكتابة العربيّة بما يخصّ استخدام علامات الترقيم. يتجلّى التأثير التاريخي للترجمة بكونها أوحت للكتّاب بضرورة ترقيم أعمالهم. أمّا عن تأثيرها الحالي، فسنحاول أن ندرس أثر الترجمة على قواعد الترقيم في اللّغة العربيّة وعلى الأسلوبيّة العربيّة بشكلٍ عام عن طريق دراسة تطوّر قواعد الترقيم في اللّغة العربيّة كي تتناسب مع قواعد اللّغة، وعن طريق دراسة أثر اللّغة الإنجليزيّة (كونها الأكثر ترجمةً إلى اللّغة العربيّة) على الأسلوبيّة العربيّة وبالتالي على ترقيم الكتابة العربيّة. يتحدّث الجزء الثالث من المقال عن الاختلافات المودجودة في قواعد الترقيم بين اللّغتين العربيّة والإنجليزيّة وعن كيفيّة تعامل المترجم مع هذه الاختلافات. كلمات مفتاح: ترجمة، علامات الترقيم، لغة عربيّة، لغة إنجليزيّة، الكتابة العربيّة.
Abstract
This article talks about the historical and current influence of translation on Arabic writing regarding the use of punctuation marks. The historical influence of translation is that it inspired writers to punctuate their literary texts. The current influence is a study of the influence of translation on punctuation rules and on Arabic stylistic in general; we, therefore, attempt to demonstrate the evolution of Arabic punctuation rules in order to conform to the language’s grammatical rules, as well as to study the influence of English (The most translated language into Arabic) in Arabic literary stylistics and as a result, in Arabic punctuation. The third part of this paper talks about the difference in punctuation rules between Arabic and English and how do translators today deal with these differences when translating. Key words: translation, punctuation marks, Arabic, English, Arabic writing.
Conversations: Journal of Brachylogical Studies, 2019
Brachylogical aspects in Simplified Technical English: Delocalization of Scientific Knowledge thr... more Brachylogical aspects in Simplified Technical English: Delocalization of Scientific Knowledge through Brachylogy
Simplified Technical English (STE) is a controlled language (also called standardized language) formed from English. It was initially created to write manuals in aerospace and defense industry and its use then expanded and is used by companies to write technical texts (usually machine use and maintenance instructions), the aim of this language is to make technical manuals understandable for people with little knowledge of English. Therefore, unlike the natural English language, STE has specific rules in writing and in the choice of words and terms in order to make sentences shorter, more precise and easier to understand. My article aims to explore aspects of brachylogy in STE and how they contributed to this language’s precision and readability.
Les aspects brachylogiques dans l’Anglais Technique Simplifié (STE) : La délocalisation du savoir scientifique par la brachylogie
L'anglais technique simplifié (STE) est une langue contrôlée (aussi appelée langue normalisée ou langue limitée) formée à partir de l'anglais. Il a été créé à l'origine pour rédiger des manuels de maintenance dans l'industrie aérospatiale. Son utilisation a ensuite été étendue : Il est utilisé par les entreprises pour rédiger des textes techniques (généralement des instructions d'utilisation et de maintenance de machines). Cette langue a pour objectif de rendre les manuels techniques compréhensibles pour les personnes qui connaissent peu l’anglais. Par conséquent, contrairement à la langue anglaise naturelle, STE a des règles spécifiques concernant l'écriture et le choix des mots et des termes afin de rendre les phrases plus courtes, plus précises et plus faciles à comprendre. Mon article a pour objectif d’explorer les aspects de la brachylogie dans STE et de déterminer comment ils ont contribué à la précision et à la facilité de lire cette langue par les non anglophones.
Mots clés : brachylogy, simplicité, concision, précision, terminologie.
Revue Conversations des études brachylogiques, Num. 6, 2019
Brachylogie et caricature : La manière brève pour vulgariser l’actualité journalistique
La Brac... more Brachylogie et caricature : La manière brève pour vulgariser l’actualité journalistique
La Brachylogie dans la caricature est principalement nécessaire en raison de manque d’espace d’écriture dans le dessin. Mais nous considérons que la brachylogie dans cet art a une valeur sémantique importante ; Le choix d’un mot ou d’une phrase brève pour refléter une actualité journalistique ou critiquer une affaire sociale, a plus d’effet que des phrases longues au niveau communicationnelle car il facilite la transmission de l’information journalistique aux différentes tranches de la société, quelle que soit leur âge ou leur niveau d’éducation. Le but principal de la brachylogie dans cet art est donc la vulgarisation de l’information présente dans les articles de journaux, et par la vulgarisation de l’information, on crée une opinion publique collective. Dans le présent article, nous essayerons de donner une définition à la brachylogie employée dans la caricature et nous analyserons les « manières brèves » employés dans cet art afin de rendre l’information accessible à tous et afin de créer une opinion publique dominante dans la société. Mot clés : Brachylogie, caricature, sémantique, vulgarisation, opinion publique, stéréotype.
Brachylogy and caricature: Using brief writing to vulgarize journalistic news
Brachylogy in caricature is, in the first place, a necessity due to lack of written space. Nevertheless, we believe that brachylogy adds an important semantic value to this art; choosing a word or a brief sentence to represent current news or to criticize a social matter is a more effective way of communication with the reader than using long descriptive sentences because it facilitates the transmission of journalistic information to all groups of society regardless of age or level of education. Therefore, we see that the main objective of brachylogy in caricature is to vulgarize the journalistic information written in newspaper articles, and this vulgarization is a tool to create a collective public opinion. In this article, we will first attempt to define brachylogy in caricature, we will then analyze the ‘brief ways of writing’ used in this art in order to make journalistic information comprehensible for everyone, thus creating a dominant public opinion in society. Key words: Brachylogy, caricature, semantics, vulgarization, public opinion, stereotype.
We present our effort to build a large scale punctuated corpus for Arabic. We illustrate in detai... more We present our effort to build a large scale punctuated corpus for Arabic. We illustrate in details our punctuation annotation guidelines designed to improve the annotation work flow and the inter-annotator agreement. We summarize the guidelines created, discuss the annotation framework and show the Arabic punctuation peculiarities. Our guidelines were used by trained annotators and regular inter-annotator agreement measures were performed to ensure the annotation quality. We highlight the main difficulties related to the Arabic punctuation annotation that arose during this project.
This research aims to provide an analytical study on the use of punctuation by sarcastic Arabic w... more This research aims to provide an analytical study on the use of punctuation by sarcastic Arabic writers, including satirical novels and articles. An analysis of the use of punctuation in ironic texts is different from the standard analysis of punctuation marks because of the communicative nature of irony that aims to influence readers through the choice of words and through text segmentation. This leads the reading process by highlighting certain passages in the sentence without the other. The use of colloquial words and expressions in irony produces an informal text, which requires a study of the pausal impact of punctuation regardless of the grammatical structure of the sentence. Due to the nature of satirical texts and the fact that Arabic satirical writers do not abide by a "common standard" to punctuate their work, but to their own " individual standard " by which they punctuate their books, we suggest semiotic analysis as a suitable way to study the functions of punctuation marks in satirical texts. In this article we suggest a semiotic method to analyze punctuation marks used in ironic texts. We apply this method to the works of famous sarcastic Arabic writers.
عنوان محاضرتي "مهارات البحث للمهن اللغوية". إنّ المهن اللغويّة الرائجة هي كتابة المحتوى، التوطين ... more عنوان محاضرتي "مهارات البحث للمهن اللغوية". إنّ المهن اللغويّة الرائجة هي كتابة المحتوى، التوطين اللّغوي والترجمة... وهي المهن المطلوبة حاليّاً من خرّيجي اللّغات أو الترجمة. تركّز المحاضرة على مهارات البحث اللازمة لممارسة هذه المهن باللغة العربية: أنواع البحوث اللغوية اللازمة، صعوبات البحث اللغوي العربي ، وطرق تأطير البحث اللغوي لضمان نتائج صحيحة.
Plenary speech (in English), November 24, 2020, International webinar Translation Theory, Tools, ... more Plenary speech (in English), November 24, 2020, International webinar Translation Theory, Tools, Techniques and Tactics, University of Kerala, India.
Explaining the standard process of translation teaching at universities and why post-university training is important. I also explained how we design translation training courses according to the market's needs.
Public lecture, December 25, 2020, Academy of Excellence, Kerala, India.
Explaining the variety ... more Public lecture, December 25, 2020, Academy of Excellence, Kerala, India.
Explaining the variety of texts in Medical translation and their translation and adaptation process.
Public lecture (given in Arabic), October 30, 2020, Academy of Excellence, Kerala, India.
A hist... more Public lecture (given in Arabic), October 30, 2020, Academy of Excellence, Kerala, India.
A historical overview on the concept of ethics in translation with Antoine Berman's works on the topic and the intersection between translation ethics and translation theories such as the theory of text domestication. I then explained the current meaning of translation ethics.
Public seminar, May 18 2017, , IFPO (Institut Français du Proche Orient/ French Institute of the ... more Public seminar, May 18 2017, , IFPO (Institut Français du Proche Orient/ French Institute of the Near East), Beirut, Lebanon. Lecture given in French.
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The research aims to analyze the linguistic units used to talk about COVID 19 in press articles and to study their evolution from designations to words and then terms. It also aims to define the methodology for creating Arabic terms in general and terms related to COVID 19 in particular. We demonstrate how this epidemic affected its terminology creation, as scientific texts about COVID 19 are of interest to specialists and non-specialists alike. Our analysis is based on a corpus composed of several articles and Arab press websites from different countries.
Cet article est un essai de démontrer l’importance de la création d’un arbre de domaine d’un domaine récent (2012) avant la création d’un dictionnaire spécialisé. Il s’agit d’un plan méthodique qui suggère des étapes à suivre avant d’aborder l’élaboration du dictionnaire de la nouvelle brachylogie ; un domaine récent mais dont la plupart des termes existe déjà dans les domaines voisins comme la linguistique, pour cela, mon travail est centré sur l’analyse cognitive des terme au lieu de l’analyse morphologique afin de donner une spécificité aux termes au sein de la nouvelle brachylogie, ce qui permettrai de considérer le domaine en tant que champ d’étude autonome à l’égard des domaines proches.
Mot clés : terminologie, concept, traits de substance, arbre de domaine.
Abstract
This article is an attempt to demonstrate the importance of creating a conceptual tree for a recent field (that was created in 2012) before creating its specialized dictionary. This is a methodical plan that suggests steps to follow before starting to develop the dictionary of new brachylogy; a recent field- but most of its terms already exist in neighboring fields such as linguistics; for this, my work is centered on the cognitive analysis of terms instead of a morphological analysis to give a specificity to the terms within the field of new brachylogy, which will make it possible to consider it as an autonomous field of study.
Key words: terminology, concept, intrinsic traits, conceptual tree of terms.
كلمات مفاتيح: اكتساب المفردات، الصرف العربي، المعجم العربي، المعجم التفسيري التأليفي.
This article discusses vocabulary teaching in TAFL (Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language), and the ways by which we can increase the foreign student’s Arabic mental lexicon. It shows how the Arabic paper dictionary can be beneficial for this purpose- since looking up a word in the Arabic dictionary forces the student to find its root and scheme, which puts into use his knowledge in Arabic morphology and enables him to see the semantic importance of each scheme. This will teach him the logic of Arabic word formation and will facilitate his reading in Arabic outside of class. In this article, we give a specific methodology to use the dictionary in class for pre-intermediate students and we highlight the difficulties that students at this level face when looking up a word. We also suggest solutions for each difficulty as well as a methodology to fill the gaps in the microstructure of Arabic dictionaries using the explanatory and combinatorial lexicology theory.
Key words: vocabulary acquisition, Arabic morphology, Arabic dictionary, explanatory and combinatorial lexicology
كلمات مفتاح: ترجمة، علامات الترقيم، لغة عربيّة، لغة إنجليزيّة، الكتابة العربيّة.
Abstract
This article talks about the historical and current influence of translation on Arabic writing regarding the use of punctuation marks. The historical influence of translation is that it inspired writers to punctuate their literary texts. The current influence is a study of the influence of translation on punctuation rules and on Arabic stylistic in general; we, therefore, attempt to demonstrate the evolution of Arabic punctuation rules in order to conform to the language’s grammatical rules, as well as to study the influence of English (The most translated language into Arabic) in Arabic literary stylistics and as a result, in Arabic punctuation. The third part of this paper talks about the difference in punctuation rules between Arabic and English and how do translators today deal with these differences when translating.
Key words: translation, punctuation marks, Arabic, English, Arabic writing.
Simplified Technical English (STE) is a controlled language (also called standardized language) formed from English. It was initially created to write manuals in aerospace and defense industry and its use then expanded and is used by companies to write technical texts (usually machine use and maintenance instructions), the aim of this language is to make technical manuals understandable for people with little knowledge of English. Therefore, unlike the natural English language, STE has specific rules in writing and in the choice of words and terms in order to make sentences shorter, more precise and easier to understand. My article aims to explore aspects of brachylogy in STE and how they contributed to this language’s precision and readability.
Key words: brachylogy, simplicity, concision, precision, terminology.
Les aspects brachylogiques dans l’Anglais Technique Simplifié (STE) : La délocalisation du savoir scientifique par la brachylogie
L'anglais technique simplifié (STE) est une langue contrôlée (aussi appelée langue normalisée ou langue limitée) formée à partir de l'anglais. Il a été créé à l'origine pour rédiger des manuels de maintenance dans l'industrie aérospatiale. Son utilisation a ensuite été étendue : Il est utilisé par les entreprises pour rédiger des textes techniques (généralement des instructions d'utilisation et de maintenance de machines). Cette langue a pour objectif de rendre les manuels techniques compréhensibles pour les personnes qui connaissent peu l’anglais. Par conséquent, contrairement à la langue anglaise naturelle, STE a des règles spécifiques concernant l'écriture et le choix des mots et des termes afin de rendre les phrases plus courtes, plus précises et plus faciles à comprendre. Mon article a pour objectif d’explorer les aspects de la brachylogie dans STE et de déterminer comment ils ont contribué à la précision et à la facilité de lire cette langue par les non anglophones.
Mots clés : brachylogy, simplicité, concision, précision, terminologie.
La Brachylogie dans la caricature est principalement nécessaire en raison de manque d’espace d’écriture dans le dessin. Mais nous considérons que la brachylogie dans cet art a une valeur sémantique importante ; Le choix d’un mot ou d’une phrase brève pour refléter une actualité journalistique ou critiquer une affaire sociale, a plus d’effet que des phrases longues au niveau communicationnelle car il facilite la transmission de l’information journalistique aux différentes tranches de la société, quelle que soit leur âge ou leur niveau d’éducation. Le but principal de la brachylogie dans cet art est donc la vulgarisation de l’information présente dans les articles de journaux, et par la vulgarisation de l’information, on crée une opinion publique collective. Dans le présent article, nous essayerons de donner une définition à la brachylogie employée dans la caricature et nous analyserons les « manières brèves » employés dans cet art afin de rendre l’information accessible à tous et afin de créer une opinion publique dominante dans la société.
Mot clés : Brachylogie, caricature, sémantique, vulgarisation, opinion publique, stéréotype.
Brachylogy and caricature: Using brief writing to vulgarize journalistic news
Brachylogy in caricature is, in the first place, a necessity due to lack of written space. Nevertheless, we believe that brachylogy adds an important semantic value to this art; choosing a word or a brief sentence to represent current news or to criticize a social matter is a more effective way of communication with the reader than using long descriptive sentences because it facilitates the transmission of journalistic information to all groups of society regardless of age or level of education. Therefore, we see that the main objective of brachylogy in caricature is to vulgarize the journalistic information written in newspaper articles, and this vulgarization is a tool to create a collective public opinion. In this article, we will first attempt to define brachylogy in caricature, we will then analyze the ‘brief ways of writing’ used in this art in order to make journalistic information comprehensible for everyone, thus creating a dominant public opinion in society.
Key words: Brachylogy, caricature, semantics, vulgarization, public opinion, stereotype.
The research aims to analyze the linguistic units used to talk about COVID 19 in press articles and to study their evolution from designations to words and then terms. It also aims to define the methodology for creating Arabic terms in general and terms related to COVID 19 in particular. We demonstrate how this epidemic affected its terminology creation, as scientific texts about COVID 19 are of interest to specialists and non-specialists alike. Our analysis is based on a corpus composed of several articles and Arab press websites from different countries.
Cet article est un essai de démontrer l’importance de la création d’un arbre de domaine d’un domaine récent (2012) avant la création d’un dictionnaire spécialisé. Il s’agit d’un plan méthodique qui suggère des étapes à suivre avant d’aborder l’élaboration du dictionnaire de la nouvelle brachylogie ; un domaine récent mais dont la plupart des termes existe déjà dans les domaines voisins comme la linguistique, pour cela, mon travail est centré sur l’analyse cognitive des terme au lieu de l’analyse morphologique afin de donner une spécificité aux termes au sein de la nouvelle brachylogie, ce qui permettrai de considérer le domaine en tant que champ d’étude autonome à l’égard des domaines proches.
Mot clés : terminologie, concept, traits de substance, arbre de domaine.
Abstract
This article is an attempt to demonstrate the importance of creating a conceptual tree for a recent field (that was created in 2012) before creating its specialized dictionary. This is a methodical plan that suggests steps to follow before starting to develop the dictionary of new brachylogy; a recent field- but most of its terms already exist in neighboring fields such as linguistics; for this, my work is centered on the cognitive analysis of terms instead of a morphological analysis to give a specificity to the terms within the field of new brachylogy, which will make it possible to consider it as an autonomous field of study.
Key words: terminology, concept, intrinsic traits, conceptual tree of terms.
كلمات مفاتيح: اكتساب المفردات، الصرف العربي، المعجم العربي، المعجم التفسيري التأليفي.
This article discusses vocabulary teaching in TAFL (Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language), and the ways by which we can increase the foreign student’s Arabic mental lexicon. It shows how the Arabic paper dictionary can be beneficial for this purpose- since looking up a word in the Arabic dictionary forces the student to find its root and scheme, which puts into use his knowledge in Arabic morphology and enables him to see the semantic importance of each scheme. This will teach him the logic of Arabic word formation and will facilitate his reading in Arabic outside of class. In this article, we give a specific methodology to use the dictionary in class for pre-intermediate students and we highlight the difficulties that students at this level face when looking up a word. We also suggest solutions for each difficulty as well as a methodology to fill the gaps in the microstructure of Arabic dictionaries using the explanatory and combinatorial lexicology theory.
Key words: vocabulary acquisition, Arabic morphology, Arabic dictionary, explanatory and combinatorial lexicology
كلمات مفتاح: ترجمة، علامات الترقيم، لغة عربيّة، لغة إنجليزيّة، الكتابة العربيّة.
Abstract
This article talks about the historical and current influence of translation on Arabic writing regarding the use of punctuation marks. The historical influence of translation is that it inspired writers to punctuate their literary texts. The current influence is a study of the influence of translation on punctuation rules and on Arabic stylistic in general; we, therefore, attempt to demonstrate the evolution of Arabic punctuation rules in order to conform to the language’s grammatical rules, as well as to study the influence of English (The most translated language into Arabic) in Arabic literary stylistics and as a result, in Arabic punctuation. The third part of this paper talks about the difference in punctuation rules between Arabic and English and how do translators today deal with these differences when translating.
Key words: translation, punctuation marks, Arabic, English, Arabic writing.
Simplified Technical English (STE) is a controlled language (also called standardized language) formed from English. It was initially created to write manuals in aerospace and defense industry and its use then expanded and is used by companies to write technical texts (usually machine use and maintenance instructions), the aim of this language is to make technical manuals understandable for people with little knowledge of English. Therefore, unlike the natural English language, STE has specific rules in writing and in the choice of words and terms in order to make sentences shorter, more precise and easier to understand. My article aims to explore aspects of brachylogy in STE and how they contributed to this language’s precision and readability.
Key words: brachylogy, simplicity, concision, precision, terminology.
Les aspects brachylogiques dans l’Anglais Technique Simplifié (STE) : La délocalisation du savoir scientifique par la brachylogie
L'anglais technique simplifié (STE) est une langue contrôlée (aussi appelée langue normalisée ou langue limitée) formée à partir de l'anglais. Il a été créé à l'origine pour rédiger des manuels de maintenance dans l'industrie aérospatiale. Son utilisation a ensuite été étendue : Il est utilisé par les entreprises pour rédiger des textes techniques (généralement des instructions d'utilisation et de maintenance de machines). Cette langue a pour objectif de rendre les manuels techniques compréhensibles pour les personnes qui connaissent peu l’anglais. Par conséquent, contrairement à la langue anglaise naturelle, STE a des règles spécifiques concernant l'écriture et le choix des mots et des termes afin de rendre les phrases plus courtes, plus précises et plus faciles à comprendre. Mon article a pour objectif d’explorer les aspects de la brachylogie dans STE et de déterminer comment ils ont contribué à la précision et à la facilité de lire cette langue par les non anglophones.
Mots clés : brachylogy, simplicité, concision, précision, terminologie.
La Brachylogie dans la caricature est principalement nécessaire en raison de manque d’espace d’écriture dans le dessin. Mais nous considérons que la brachylogie dans cet art a une valeur sémantique importante ; Le choix d’un mot ou d’une phrase brève pour refléter une actualité journalistique ou critiquer une affaire sociale, a plus d’effet que des phrases longues au niveau communicationnelle car il facilite la transmission de l’information journalistique aux différentes tranches de la société, quelle que soit leur âge ou leur niveau d’éducation. Le but principal de la brachylogie dans cet art est donc la vulgarisation de l’information présente dans les articles de journaux, et par la vulgarisation de l’information, on crée une opinion publique collective. Dans le présent article, nous essayerons de donner une définition à la brachylogie employée dans la caricature et nous analyserons les « manières brèves » employés dans cet art afin de rendre l’information accessible à tous et afin de créer une opinion publique dominante dans la société.
Mot clés : Brachylogie, caricature, sémantique, vulgarisation, opinion publique, stéréotype.
Brachylogy and caricature: Using brief writing to vulgarize journalistic news
Brachylogy in caricature is, in the first place, a necessity due to lack of written space. Nevertheless, we believe that brachylogy adds an important semantic value to this art; choosing a word or a brief sentence to represent current news or to criticize a social matter is a more effective way of communication with the reader than using long descriptive sentences because it facilitates the transmission of journalistic information to all groups of society regardless of age or level of education. Therefore, we see that the main objective of brachylogy in caricature is to vulgarize the journalistic information written in newspaper articles, and this vulgarization is a tool to create a collective public opinion. In this article, we will first attempt to define brachylogy in caricature, we will then analyze the ‘brief ways of writing’ used in this art in order to make journalistic information comprehensible for everyone, thus creating a dominant public opinion in society.
Key words: Brachylogy, caricature, semantics, vulgarization, public opinion, stereotype.
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