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  • Masters & Phd Student since September 2009 till date. Subject: Formulation of alternative gelatine based plasma expander. This study is to find an easily available unconsumed c... moreedit
  • Prof. Dr. Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin, Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin, Dr. Syed Ibrahim Mohd Ismailedit
abStract Gelatine is used as an excipient for various pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as capsule shells (both hard and soft), tablets, suspensions, emulsions and injections (e.g. plasma expanders). It is also broadly used in various... more
abStract Gelatine is used as an excipient for various pharmaceutical dosage forms, such as capsule shells (both hard and soft), tablets, suspensions, emulsions and injections (e.g. plasma expanders). It is also broadly used in various industries such as food and cosmetics. Gelatine is a biopolymer obtained from discarded or unused materials of bovine, porcine, ovine, poultry and marine industrial farms. The discarded materials can be the skin, tendons, cartilages, bones and connective tissues. Gelatine sourced from animals is relatively easy and inexpensive to produce. The potential needs of gelatine cannot be overemphasised. Rising demands, health concerns and religious issues have heightened the need for alternative sources of gelatine. This review presents the various industrial uses of gelatine and the latest developments in producing gelatine from various sources. abStrak Gelatin diguna sebagai eksipien (bahan tambahan) dalam pelbagai bentuk dos farmaseutik seperti kelongsong kapsul (keras dan lembut), tablet, ampaian (suspensi), emulsi dan suntikan (contoh: pengembang plasma). Ia juga diguna dalam pelbagai industri lain seperti industri makanan dan kosmetik. Gelatin adalah biopolimer yang diperoleh daripada bahan-bahan terbuang atau yang tidak diguna daripada haiwan ternakan termasuk lembu, porsin, ovin, unggas dan ikan. Bahan-bahan terbuang ini adalah seperti kulit, tendon, rawan, tulang dan tisu penghubung. Gelatin daripada sumber haiwan adalah agak mudah dan murah untuk dihasilkan. Potensi gelatin tidak dapat dinafikan. Permintaan yang semakin meningkat, masalah kesihatan dan isu-isu agama telah meningkatkan keperluan untuk sumber alternatif gelatin. Tinjauan ini membentangkan pelbagai kegunaan gelatin dalam industri dan perkembangan terkini dalam penghasilan gelatin daripada pelbagai sumber.
Research Interests:
Gelatine being a biopolymer has various applications in the pharmaceutical industry as a stabilizer, gelling agent, suspending agent, binding agent, viscosity-increasing agent and in vaginal drug delivery. Recent controversial advances... more
Gelatine being a biopolymer has various applications in the pharmaceutical industry as a stabilizer, gelling agent, suspending agent, binding agent, viscosity-increasing agent and in vaginal drug delivery. Recent controversial advances regarding intravenous colloidal plasma expander, has shown gelatin type plasma expander has better advantage due to its low molecular weight, cost effectiveness and comparatively wider safety (GRAS) to other similar categories of colloidal group such as hexaethylstarch (HES), albumin or fresh frozen plasma. Its only disadvantage is when given in large amounts, interferes with the coagulation mechanism of blood but whereas crystalloids would cause oedema.
Research Interests:
Gelatine is derived from collagen,which is broadly used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and photography industries. Due to its great demand, there is a need for an alternative source of gelatine due to health, supply and... more
Gelatine is derived from collagen,which  is broadly used in  the  food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and  photography industries. Due to its great demand, there is a need for an alternative source of gelatine due to health, supply and religious issues. This  study  presents  the  development of  lightweight and  spongy gelatine which  is  pure  in appearance, derived from avian waste material (chicken shank and toes) by modified acid extraction and lyophilisation. The physical and chemical characteristics of the gelatine, such as physical identification, proximate analysis, pH, gel strength, clarity, viscosity, thermal analysis, scanning elec- tron microscope, SDS-PAGE, and MALDI-TOF, were analysed. The results show that the average yield of gelatine obtained was 5.18%, with a pH of 3.8, moisture content of
7.17%, total protein content of 93.77%, total fat content of
0.93% and total ash content of 1.57%. The bloom strength was found to be higher than that of commercially available bovine gelatine. All test results for the gelatine comply with pharmaceutical standards as stated in standard pharmacopoeias.
Research Interests:
Growing needs, inadequate supply along with health and religious issues are reasons for the increase in the demand for an alternative source of gelatine in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study was conducted to optimize the... more
Growing needs, inadequate supply along with health and religious issues are reasons for the increase in the demand for an alternative source of gelatine in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study was conducted to optimize the process for producing halal-compliant gelatine from chicken waste; chicken shank and toes (CST). Double extraction process employed produced gelatine which was vitreous, lightweight and gossamer in appearance. Gelatine yield was 9.52%(w/w) with a pH of 3.85, moisture content of 7.17%, total protein content of 93.77%, total fat content of 0.93% and total ash of 1.57%. The Bloom strength of the CST gelatine (148.33 ± 5.51) was found to be slightly lower than the commercially available bovine gelatine (BS) (169.33 ± 58.53) (P > 0.05). Amino acid analysis showed that the CST gelatine (91.38 ± 1.01%) was comparable to BS gelatine (90.65 ± 1.56%)(P > 0.05). Double extraction has been shown to successfully increase the surface area to volume ratio of CST waste resulting in increased yield in gelatine and protein with lower total fat content obtained. The test results obtained showed that the CST gelatine produced through this method complies with pharmaceutical standards. ABSTRAK Keperluan yang meningkat dan bekalan yang terhad di samping isu kesihatan dan keagamaan merupakan penyebab permintaan yang tinggi untuk sumber alternatif gelatin dalam industri makanan dan farmaseutik pada masa ini. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengoptimumkan proses penghasilan gelatin halal daripada bahan sisa penyembelihan ayam iaitu bahagian kaki dan jari kaki ayam (CST). Proses dwi-pengekstrakan telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan gelatin yang bersifat lutsinar, ringan dan berserat umpama kaca. Jumlah gelatin CST yang diperoleh adalah 9.52% (berat/berat) dengan pH3.85, kandungan lembapan 7.17%, jumlah kandungan protein 93.77%, jumlah kandungan lemak 0.93% dan jumlah abu 1.57%. Kekuatan Bloom gelatin CST (148.33 ± 5.51) didapati lebih rendah daripada gelatin kulit lembu (BS) (169.33 ± 58.53) yang boleh didapati secara komersial di pasaran (P > 0.05). Analisis asid amino menunjukkan bahawa gelatin CST (91.38 ± 1.01%) adalah setanding dengan gelatin BS (90.65 ± 1.56%)(P > 0.05). Proses dwi-pengekstrakan didapati berjaya meningkatkan nisbah luas permukaan kepada isi padu CST menyebabkan jumlah hasil gelatin dan kandungan protein lebih tinggi serta kandungan lemak gelatin yang berkurang diperoleh. Ujian yang dijalankan telah menunjukkan bahawa gelatin CST yang dihasilkan melalui kaedah ini mematuhi piawaian farmaseutik. Kata kunci: Gelatin; industri makanan dan farmaseutik; kaki ayam; pengekstrakan; protein
Research Interests:
Gelatine is derived from collagen,which is broadly used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and photography industries. Due to its great demand, there is a need for an alternative source of gelatine due to health, supply and... more
Gelatine is derived from collagen,which  is broadly used in  the  food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and  photography industries. Due to its great demand, there is a need for an alternative source of gelatine due to  health, supply and religious issues. This  study  presents  the  development of  lightweight and  spongy gelatine which  is  pure  in appearance, derived from avian waste material (chicken shank and toes) by modified acid extraction and lyophilisation. The physical and chemical characteristics of the gelatine, such as physical identification, proximate analysis, pH, gel strength, clarity, viscosity, thermal analysis, scanning elec- tron  microscope, SDS-PAGE, and  MALDI-TOF,  were analysed. The results show that the average yield of gelatine obtained was 5.18%, with a pH of 3.8, moisture content of
7.17%, total protein content of 93.77%, total fat content of
0.93% and total ash content of 1.57%. The bloom strength was found to be higher than that of commercially available bovine gelatine. All test results for the gelatine comply with pharmaceutical standards as stated in standard pharmacopoeias.
Research Interests:
Growing needs, inadequate supply along with health and religious issues are reasons for the increase in the demand for an alternative source of gelatine in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study was conducted to optimize the... more
Growing needs, inadequate supply along with health and religious issues are reasons for the increase in the demand for an alternative source of gelatine in the food and pharmaceutical industries. This study was conducted to optimize the process for producing halal-compliant gelatine from chicken waste; chicken shank and toes (CST). Double extraction process employed produced gelatine which was vitreous, lightweight and gossamer in appearance. Gelatine yield was 9.52%(w/w) with a pH of 3.85, moisture content of 7.17%, total protein content of 93.77%, total fat content of 0.93% and total ash of 1.57%. The Bloom strength of the CST gelatine (148.33 ± 5.51) was found to be slightly lower than the commercially available bovine gelatine (BS) (169.33 ± 58.53) (P > 0.05). Amino acid analysis showed that the CST gelatine (91.38 ± 1.01%) was comparable to BS gelatine (90.65 ± 1.56%)(P > 0.05). Double extraction has been shown to successfully increase the surface area to volume ratio of CST waste resulting in increased yield in gelatine and protein with lower total fat content obtained. The test results obtained showed that the CST gelatine produced through this method complies with pharmaceutical standards. ABSTRAK Keperluan yang meningkat dan bekalan yang terhad di samping isu kesihatan dan keagamaan merupakan penyebab permintaan yang tinggi untuk sumber alternatif gelatin dalam industri makanan dan farmaseutik pada masa ini. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk mengoptimumkan proses penghasilan gelatin halal daripada bahan sisa penyembelihan ayam iaitu bahagian kaki dan jari kaki ayam (CST). Proses dwi-pengekstrakan telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan gelatin yang bersifat lutsinar, ringan dan berserat umpama kaca. Jumlah gelatin CST yang diperoleh adalah 9.52% (berat/berat) dengan pH3.85, kandungan lembapan 7.17%, jumlah kandungan protein 93.77%, jumlah kandungan lemak 0.93% dan jumlah abu 1.57%. Kekuatan Bloom gelatin CST (148.33 ± 5.51) didapati lebih rendah daripada gelatin kulit lembu (BS) (169.33 ± 58.53) yang boleh didapati secara komersial di pasaran (P > 0.05). Analisis asid amino menunjukkan bahawa gelatin CST (91.38 ± 1.01%) adalah setanding dengan gelatin BS (90.65 ± 1.56%)(P > 0.05). Proses dwi-pengekstrakan didapati berjaya meningkatkan nisbah luas permukaan kepada isi padu CST menyebabkan jumlah hasil gelatin dan kandungan protein lebih tinggi serta kandungan lemak gelatin yang berkurang diperoleh. Ujian yang dijalankan telah menunjukkan bahawa gelatin CST yang dihasilkan melalui kaedah ini mematuhi piawaian farmaseutik. Kata kunci: Gelatin; industri makanan dan farmaseutik; kaki ayam; pengekstrakan; protein
Research Interests:
Gelatine is derived from collagen,which is broadly used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and photography industries. Due to its great demand, there is a need for an alternative source of gelatine due to health, supply and... more
Gelatine is derived from collagen,which  is broadly used in  the  food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and  photography industries. Due to its great demand, there is a need for an alternative source of gelatine due to  health, supply and religious issues. This  study  presents  the  development of  lightweight and  spongy gelatine which  is  pure  in appearance, derived from avian waste material (chicken shank and toes) by modified acid extraction and lyophilisation. The physical and chemical characteristics of the gelatine, such as physical identification, proximate analysis, pH, gel strength, clarity, viscosity, thermal analysis, scanning elec- tron  microscope, SDS-PAGE, and  MALDI-TOF,  were analysed. The results show that the average yield of gelatine obtained was 5.18%, with a pH of 3.8, moisture content of
7.17%, total protein content of 93.77%, total fat content of
0.93% and total ash content of 1.57%. The bloom strength was found to be higher than that of commercially available bovine gelatine. All test results for the gelatine comply with pharmaceutical standards as stated in standard pharmacopoeias.
Research Interests: