Veterinary Reproduction

Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata L) leaves is tradionally used to maintain health because of it content of androgapholide, an alkaloid that allegedly acted as immunomodulator, either as immunostimulator or as immunosuppresor. The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of Sambiloto alkaloid as immunostimulator on rats (Rattus norvegicus) based on measured total lymphocyte, NK cells, CD4 and IFNγ-positive cells. Thirty head of rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into three groups (C, P0, and P1). Control group (C) and P0 were given 0.5 ml vehicle (0.5% CMC), while the P1 was given 3.78mg/200g bw/day Sambiloto alkaloid orally for ten days. On day 11, group P0 and P1 were artificially infected with Salmonella typhimurium (10 5 CFU/0.5 ml) intraperitoneally. On the 10th day after the incubation period, blood samples were collected from the rats. The result showed that in P0 group (only Salmonella typhimurium infected) the amount of Lymphocyte, NK cell, and CD4+ were twice as high as those the control (C) group, meanwhile IFNγ secretion value was three times as high as those of control (C) group. In the group P1 lymphocytes, NK cells, and CD4 + was similar to the control group, whereas IFNγ secretion decreased but still twice as high as those of the control group (p<0.05). It could be concluded that Sambiloto alkaloid act as immunostimulator in rats infected with Salmonella typhimurium.

The Indonesia minister of agriculture in 2016 issued the policy of special effort required for all cows have to be pregnant, in order to achieve self-sufficiency of beef in 2026. The mating could conducted with frozen semen of various bullbreed, but the smallholder farmers prefer their cows bred to Limousin or Simmental bull semen. This study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance of Limousin-and Simmental-cross cows in the district of Balongpanggang, Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. Data on cow reproduction obtained from inseminator, meanwhile data of dry and rainy seasons months obtained from the Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency of East Java. Feeding data in different seasons was obtained through interviews with farmers, while data of field grass and hay nutrients carried by the proximate analysis. The data analyzed by Path analysis. The results showed that the average of S/C was 1.46 ± 0.29, CR was 81.21 ± 10.71, and CvR was 72.62 ± 11.67. Year, month and seasons did not affect the internal factors (S/C, CR, and CvR) of cows either directly or via the feed. AI technician activity was influenced by years following the equation: the number of AI activity =-0.53141*years + 0.04030*(internal factors of cow). It could be concluded that the reproductive performance of Limousin-and Simmental-cross cows in this study were not influenced by changes of season and feed factor. However there was a tendency of decreasing demand of AI towards zero number in thirteen years, if there is no change to parameters that influence.

Background and Aim: The production of male calf beef cattle is an agricultural innovation needed to increase the farm&#39;s productivity as a provider of meat sources. This study aimed to determine the sex ratio of the offspring of cows inseminated with Y-bearing sperm enriched by Percoll density gradient centrifugation and swim up, combined with delayed fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). Materials and Methods: Ejaculates of Simmental bulls were divided into four equal portions and grouped as T0 (control, non-sexed semen), T1 and T2 were sexed semen using Percoll density gradient centrifugation three and five levels, respectively, and T3 was sexed semen using swim-up. After the sex was sorted, the semen was diluted in a tris egg yolk extender, packaged in French mini-straws containing 50 million live sperm cells, and frozen. Pre-sexed, post-sexed, and post-thawed spermatozoa were evaluated based on progressive motility, viability, intact plasma membrane, and abnormality. The...

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the benefits of L-arginine addition in skim milk extender to maintain the quality of goat spermatozoa in chilled storage. Materials and Methods: A total of 18 ejaculates from three healthy goats with weight and age of 45 kg and 4-5 years, respectively, were divided into three groups. The control group contained goat semen diluted in a skim milk extender without L-arginine; Treatment I and Treatment II contained goat semen diluted in a skim milk extender with added L-arginine 4 and 6 mM, respectively. These three groups were chilled at 5°C and evaluated daily for 5 days. Observed variables were viability, motility, intact plasma membrane (IPM), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, necrosis, and apoptosis of spermatozoa. Results: The addition of L-arginine 4 mM was the best treatment in maintaining viability, motility, and IPM and a decreased MDA level, percentage of necrosis, and apoptosis of goat spermatozoa. An ejaculate in this extender can ...

The research was conducted to determine the effect of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) derived from pregnant crossbred mare serum (PMS) on estrous cycle and litter size in mice (Mus musculus). The research was arranged by Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and five replications. The treatments were control (CO)= physiological NaCl, treatment (T) 1 = 10 ng/ml of IGF-I pregnant mares crossbred serum (PMS), T2 = 20 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, T3 = 40 ng/ml of IGF-I PMS, T4 = 10 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse, T5 = 20 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse, and T6 = 40 ng/ml of IGF-I recombinant mouse. Serie I the subject of this research were 35 female mice. Observed variables included estrous cycle phases that proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus phase. Serie II for the objects of this research were 35 female mice and 21 male mice in the same treatment on litter size in mice. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed by HSD (Honestly Signific...

Dystocia defined as difficulty of birth. Cattle that experienced dystocia characterized by extended processing time of birth, difficult, and impossible to do without help of human stem. This study aimed to determine the number and causative factor of dystocia in beef cattle in Kunir sub district, Lumajang district. Data acquisition used primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained from direct observations about management of maintenance, then interviewed the farmers in Kunir sub district. Secondary data was data obtained from the recording belongs to animal health technical officer. The results showed that the prevalence of dystocia in Kunir district, Lumajang district as many as 63 cases or 11,6 % of 543 births. The result of the research is analyzed using chi square (χ2) method on SPSS 20.0 program and risk factors that increase the incident of dystocia were IB semen which greater than the cattle site, the position of the fetus and inertia uteri can result in weaknes...

The aim of this research was to observe the Body Condition Score (BCS) and milk production of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattles. 144 of dairy cattles divided into 3 groups based on BCS 1-9 scale. The results showed that Y = 6.62 + 5.54X - 5.78X2. Coefficient of determination (R2) of 20.6 this mean any increase in milk production by 20.6% is affected by BCS. It can be concluded that there is a correlation between Body Condition Score (BCS) and milk production. The higher BCS (BCS 7-8) the lower milk production, while in ideal BCS production (5-6) the production of milk is optimize.

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) analys may be used as a signal potential problem in feeding program. The aim of this research was to know levels of milk urea nitrogen with different calving interval. This research was using purposive sampling in KUD Tani Wilis, Sendang, Tulungagung. The sample was obtained from breeder as much as 16 samples, grouped into 2 groups, group 1 calving interval ≤370 and group 2 calving interval ≥450. This samples tested in Surabaya laboratory of health (Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Surabaya). The result showed that MUN not signifcanly different with different calving interval (p&gt;0,05). The conclusion of this research was MUN did not related with different calving interval.

The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of Body Condition Score, Services Per Conception, Calving Interval, and Days Open cow friesian holstein (FH) in Greenfield Partnership and Tani Wilis Sendang Cooperation. The material used in this research is dairy cattle that have been inseminated in Greenfield Partnership and KUD Tani Wilis with secondary data retrieval of reproduction notes during IB until partus and quisioner distributed by farmers and inseminators. The exploratory survey method used is secondary data obtained from the record reproduction inseminator. The observed variables BCS, S/C, CI and DO . The data was processed using descriptive analysis to get a number BCS, S/C, CI and DO in Greenfield Partnership and Tani Wilis Sendang Cooperation. The results showed that the average value of BCS at Greenfield Partnership is 4.86 and at Tani Wilis Cooperation is 4.74. The average value of S/C in Greenfield Partnership is 4.36 and at Tani Wilis Sendang Cooperation...

Objective from this research was to determine the relationship of udder morphometry which consists of the height of the front udder, the height of the rear udder and the circumference ofudder on milk production in the Bima District of West Nusa Tenggara. One of ways to choose a good lactational mare is to pay attention at the shape of the part external body which is udder. The sample had used 32 mares that were in lactation period. Milk production has been measured from the average milk production per day in the lactation period. Milking process in Bima District, West Nusa Tenggara has done in three to four times a day in the span of four to five hours per day. Body length had been measured from os thoracalis to os coxae, chest circumference had been measured from os vertebrae thoracalis to os thoracalis, posterior abdomen of pelvic to os pelvis and the last of os lumbar vetebrae. The research design in this study was survey on every wild mares rancher. Data that has been collected ...

Background and Aim: Kacang buck sperm is cryosensitive due to the seminal plasma of semen itself. Meanwhile, bull seminal plasma contains the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) complex, which is cryoprotective. The addition of the crude protein of Simmental bull seminal plasma increased the quality of post-thawed semen of Kacang buck. The study was conducted to determine the effects of Simmental bull seminal plasma with IGF-1 on the fertility of post-thawed Kacang buck semen. Materials and Methods: Buck semen was diluted in the following skim milk-egg yolk extender preparations: Without the addition of Simmental bull seminal plasma IGF-1 complex protein (T0); with the addition of 12-μg Simmental bull seminal plasma IGF-1 complex protein (T1); and with the addition of 24-μg Simmental bull seminal plasma IGF-1 complex protein (T2). The extended semen was packed in 0.25-mL straws and frozen. Post-thawed semen fertility was evaluated based on the following variables: Sperm motility, v...

Background and Aim: Persistent corpus luteum (PCL) causes anestrus in mares. This study aimed to determine the effect of intrauterine prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) treatment on PCL of racing mares to restore fertility. Materials and Methods: Twelve racing mares suspected with PCL were diagnosed using transrectal palpation and confirmed by serum progesterone (P4) concentration measurement. PGF2α was infused intrauterine, followed by serum collection at 24, 48, and 72 h after. Estrous symptoms were monitored, and mating was conducted on day 3 of estrus with an earlier injection of 8.4 μg gonadotropin-releasing hormone twice a day. Transrectal palpation was performed on days 21-30 to observe the corpus luteum. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed rectally on 40-45 days post-mating and confirmed using Doppler ultrasound scanning. Results: Eleven of the 12 mares had PCL. There was a dramatic reduction in the P4 concentration following PGF2α treatment of mares with PCL. All mares exhibited estru...

This research aimed to determine the effect of kepok banana peel extract (Musa acuminata) given by per oral in decreasing levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in lung of male mice (Mus musculus) which was exposed to cigarette smoke. The 24 experimental male mice were divided into 6 groups. The therapy was given for 14 days, all mice were sacrificed and lung MDA level were examined with thiobarbituricacid (TBA) methods. The result of the data analysis test using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) showed that there were significant differences between the group of animals that exposed to cigarette smoke ( = 840.50± 186.47 nmol / g) and the group of animals that were given with extract of kepok banana peel 56 mg / kg bw  ( = 6471.25 ± 69.25 nmol/g). Besides that, there was an significant difference between the groups of animals that were exposed cigarette smoke ( = 840.50± 186.47 nmol / g) with the group of animals that were given with vitamin C 260 mg/kg bw ( = 555.25± 61.16 nmol / g). I...